Ingaba umntwana wakho omncinci unengxaki encinci yentliziyo yakhe? (Patent Ductus Arteriosus - PDA) Masifunde ngayo!

Ngaba wakha waziva ngathi umntwana wakho omncinci unengxaki yokuphefumla emva kokuzalwa? Okanye ngaba ukhe waphawula ukuba uyabila kwaye uyaphefumla ngelixa encancisa? Ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokubangelwa yingxaki encinci entliziyweni yabantwana abancinci. Enye imeko esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Patent Ductus Arteriosus' okanye '(PDA)'. Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngale nto ngokulula.

Yintoni i-'Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)`?

Ngamafutshane, i-'PDA' yimeko yentliziyo enokwenzeka kwiintsana ezisandul' ukuzalwa. Kwenzeka xa umthambo wegazi obizwa ngokuba yi-'ductus arteriosus', ekufuneka uvale emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe, ungavali kakuhle. Cinga ngayo njengomngxuma omncinci oshiywe kumbhobho wamanzi.

Kwenzeka ntoni nge-'Ductus Arteriosus'?

Ukuze sikuqonde oku, kufuneka sibuyele umva kancinci kwixesha umntwana esesiswini sikanina. Xa umntwana esesiswini, imiphunga yakhe ayisebenzi kangako. Oku kungenxa yokuba umntwana ufumana ioksijini ayifunayo kumama ngentambo yesisu. Ngoko ke, ngeli xesha, uninzi lwegazi ekufuneka lisuke entliziyweni yomntwana liye emiphungeni lidlula imiphunga. Umthambo wegazi okhethekileyo onceda koku ubizwa ngokuba yi-'ductus arteriosus'. Oku, ukuba kuyinyani, kufana nebhulorho encinci phakathi komthambo oyintloko wentliziyo ('i-aorta') kunye nomthambo oyintloko oya emiphungeni ('i-pulmonary artery'). Nje ukuba umntwana azalwe aze aqalise ukuphefumla ngokwakhe, le 'ductus arteriosus' ayisafuneki, ngoko ke ihlala izivalela yodwa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwiintsana ezine-'PDA'?

Ngoku, okwenzekayo kumntwana one-'PDA' kukuba i-'ductus arteriosus' ayivaleki ngokupheleleyo, ishiya umngxuma omncinci. Ngenxa yoku, igazi elongezelelweyo liphuma kumthambo oyintloko wentliziyo ('aorta') liye kwimithambo eya emiphungeni ('imithambo yepulmonary'). Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu balo mngxuma, intliziyo nemiphunga yomntwana kufuneka isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi. Ukuchaneka, kufuneka benze umsebenzi omninzi.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko 'yePDA'?

Le meko ye-'PDA' ixhaphake kakhulu kwiintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha, oko kuthetha ukuba ezo zizelwe kwinyanga enye ngaphambi kwexesha. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ixhaphake kancinci kumantombazana kunamakhwenkwe.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-`PDA`?

Enyanisweni, i-PDA yenye yezona zifo zentliziyo zixhaphakileyo ezibonwa kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa. Ixhaphake kakhulu kwiintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha. Umngcipheko uyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiveki umntwana azelwe ngayo.

Cinga ngale ndlela:

• Malunga ne-10% yeentsana ezizalwa phakathi kweeveki ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-37.
• Malunga nama-80% eentsana ezizalwa phakathi kweeveki ezingama-25 nama-28.
• Malunga nama-90% eentsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-24 zokukhulelwa zinokuba nale meko, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-'PDA'.

Musa ukothuka zezi zibalo. Oku kubonisa nje umngcipheko. Oku akuyi kuba yinto embi kubo bonke abantu.

I-PDA ichaphazela njani umntwana wakho?

Ukuba une-PDA ephakathi okanye enkulu, umntwana wakho unokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza nangakumbi kunesiqhelo. Oku kungenxa yokuba umzimba uzama ukumelana negazi elongezelelweyo eliya emiphungeni. Ukuba le meko ayinyangwa ixesha elide, inokukhokelela kuxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu emiphungeni (i-Pulmonary Hypertension) kunye nomonakalo kwimithambo yegazi. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku.

Zithini izizathu ze-'PDA'?

Abaphandi abakakwazi ukusho ngqo ukuba kutheni le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-'PDA' yenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezithile ezichongiweyo.

• Iimpembelelo zemfuza: Ezinye iimeko zemfuza okanye imbali yosapho yesifo sentliziyo nazo zinokuba nefuthe.
• I-Rubella ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Ukuba umama ufumana i-rubella ngexesha lokukhulelwa, umntwana usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana i-PDA.
• Isifo Sokuphefumla Kwabantwana Abasandul’ Ukuzalwa: Le ngxaki yokuphefumla inokwenzeka kwiintsana ezingafumani i-surfactant eyaneleyo ngaphambi kokuba zizalwe. Ezi ntsana zikwanamathuba amaninzi okuba ne-PDA.

Zithini iimpawu ze-PDA?

Iimpawu zePDA ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bePDA. IPDA encinci isenokungabangeli naziphi na iimpawu, ngaphandle kokurhawuzelela kwentliziyo, okunokuthi kuviwe ngugqirha nge-stethoscope.

Nangona kunjalo, i-PDA enkulu kancinci inokubonisa iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla).
• Ukubila xa uncancisa okanye uncancisa.
• Ukudinwa ngokukhawuleza, ukudinwa.
• Iingxaki zokutya nokusela, ukuncipha kokusetyenziswa kobisi.
• Ukungatyebi okanye ukukhula.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unezi mpawu, kungcono ukubonana nogqirha wabantwana ngokukhawuleza.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani i-PDA?

Xa usisa umntwana wakho kuvavanyo oluqhelekileyo okanye xa umsa kwisifo esithile, ugqirha usenokuva ukugquma kwentliziyo okukhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla (`PDA heart murmur`) ngelixa ehlola umntwana wakho. Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela oku, uza kukuthumela kwingcali yentliziyo yabantwana.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukufumanisa i-'PDA'?

Ingcali yentliziyo yabantwana ingenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-PDA:

• I-X-ray yesifuba.
• I-ultrasound yentliziyo (echocardiogram). Oku kunokujonga izinto ezifana nokusebenza kwentliziyo kunye nobukhulu be-ductus arteriosus.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG). Oku kuvavanya ukusebenza kombane kwentliziyo.

Ngaba abantu abadala banokuba ne-PDA?

Ewe, ngamanye amaxesha i-PDA ifunyanwa nakubantu abadala. Ukuba i-PDA encinci ayinyangwa ebuntwaneni, isenokungabonwa ide ibe nkulu. Iimpawu kubantu abadala ziquka:

• Ukugquma kwentliziyo.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwemiphunga.

Izinto ezinjalo zinokwenzeka.

Iphathwa njani i-PDA?

Ugqirha uza kumisela isicwangciso sonyango ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nobudala bomntwana wakho, ubunzima bakhe, kunye nempilo yakhe.

• Ukulinda ngononophelo: Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha usenokumjonga umntwana ngokusondeleyo, emjonga aze amhlole ukuze abone ukuba i-PDA iza kuvala yodwa na. I-PDA encinci isenokungadingi unyango konke konke.
• Unyango ngamayeza: Amayeza angengowe-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) anokunikwa ukunceda ukuvala i-PDA, ingakumbi kwiintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha. La mayeza anceda ukuba umbhobho unciphe kwaye uvale. Nangona kunjalo, la mayeza awasoloko enikwa abantwana abadala okanye abantu abadala.
• Ezinye iindlela zonyango:
• Ukufakwa kweCatheterization yentliziyo: Oku kuquka ukufaka ityhubhu encinci neguquguqukayo (i-catheter) edlula emqolo uze uyifake ngemithambo yegazi eya entliziyweni. Emva koko, isixhobo esincinci (iplagi okanye ikhoyili) sidluliselwa kwityhubhu ukuya kwi-PDA size sivalwe. Oku kuyayekisa ukuhamba kwegazi okongezelelweyo. Le nkqubo ayisoloko yenziwa kwiintsana ezingekafiki ixesha, kodwa inokwenziwa kwiintsana ezindala kunye nabantwana.
• Utyando lwe-PDA (utyando lwe-Patent Ductus Arteriosus): Kule meko, oogqirha benza umsikelo omncinci ecaleni lesifuba baze bavale i-PDA nge-sutures okanye i-clip encinci yesinyithi.

Cinga ngezi ndlela zonyango njengokulungisa umngxuma kumbhobho wamanzi. Nokuba uwufaka ngeplagi encinci, okanye usika umngxuma wenze omtsha.

Ukujikeleza kwegazi kuza kubuyela esiqhelweni emva konyango ixesha elingakanani?

Emva kokuba i-PDA ivaliwe, nokuba kunge-catheterization yentliziyo okanye utyando, ukuhamba kwegazi kubuyela esiqhelweni phantse kwangoko, ukuba akukho ziphene zentliziyo.

Ngaba i-PDA ingabangela ezinye iingxaki?

Emva kokuba i-PDA ivaliwe, ukuhamba kwegazi kuba yinto eqhelekileyo, ngoko ke iingxaki ezinkulu azipheli. Nangona kunjalo, iintsana ezivalwe yi-PDA yazo nge-catheterization yentliziyo kuya kufuneka zithathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kangangeenyanga ezintandathu ukuthintela usulelo lwentliziyo (endocarditis). Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela oku ngokweenkcukacha. Abantu abadala nabo kufuneka bathathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngendlela efanayo emva kokuba i-PDA ivaliwe kwaye baqhubeke nokuhlolwa rhoqo ngugqirha wentliziyo.

Ndingamthintela umntwana wam ekubeni ne-PDA?

Akukho nto unokuyenza ukuthintela i-PDA ukuba ingakhuli. Idla ngokunxulumene nokukhula komntwana.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimeko ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba umntwana wam abe ne-PDA?

Ewe, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukuba ufumana i-German measles (`Rubella`) ngexesha lokukhulelwa, umntwana usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana i-`PDA`. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye ukhe wadibana nomntu one-German measles, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele ukuba umntwana wam une-PDA?

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba emva konyango, uninzi lweentsana ezine-PDA ziqhubeka nokuphila ubomi obusempilweni nobusebenzayo. Ngoko ke akukho nto ifanele ixhalabise ngayo.

Ngaba i-PDA inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ewe. Ukuba i-PDA ayivali yodwa, oogqirha banokuyilungisa ukuba kuyimfuneko. Nangona kunjalo, iintsana kunye nabantwana abane-PDA ephakathi okanye enkulu basengozini enkulu yokufumana iingxaki zentliziyo njengabantu abadala ukuba abanyangwa ngokukhawuleza. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba umntwana wakho ufuna unyango oluqhubekayo na.

Ndingamnyamekela njani umntwana wam one-PDA?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela yonke imiyalelo ugqirha wakho akunika yona. Yisa umntwana wakho kuhlolo kwiintsuku ezicwangcisiweyo. Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha, ezinje ngobunzima bokuphefumla, ukuncipha kokusela ubisi, okanye ubonakala ediniwe ngaphezu kwesiqhelo, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Ndifanele ndimtsalele umnxeba nini ugqirha?

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Ingakumbi ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuphefumla, le yingxamiseko, ngoko ke mse esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Nangona i-'Patent Ductus Arteriosus' okanye '(PDA)' iyingxaki yentliziyo ezalwa nayo, akukho nto inokubangela ixhala. Kukho unyango olufanelekileyo lwayo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumanisa isifo ngexesha elifanelekileyo nokubonelela ngonyango olufunekayo.

Thetha nogqirha wakho uze wenze isigqibo sokuba loluphi unyango olulungele umntwana wakho. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, umntwana wakho angaphila ubomi obonwabisayo nobunempilo njengaye nawuphi na umntwana. Inkathalo oyibonisayo kumntwana wakho ngamandla akhe amakhulu!

I- Patent Ductus Arteriosus, i-PDA, Isifo seNtliziyo yeentsana, Usana olungaphambi kwexesha, Ukumbombozela kwentliziyo, Uxinzelelo lokuphefumla, Impilo yoMntwana