Igazi elisemizimbeni yethu liyinto emangalisayo, akunjalo? Liqulathe iiseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, nezinye izinto ezininzi. Phakathi kwezi, inxalenye engamanzi yegazi ibizwa ngokuba yi-'plasma'. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yesifo esisemizimbeni yethu, le plasma inokubangela iingxaki. Ngamaxesha anjalo, siza kuthetha ngendlela ekhethekileyo yonyango esusa loo plasma inengxaki kwaye icoce igazi.
Masiqale sibone, yintoni le plasma?
Ngamafutshane, iplasma yinxalenye yolwelo olumthubi olukhanyayo egazini lethu. Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha segazi lethu yenziwe yiplasma. Nangona uninzi lwayo ngamanzi, ikwanazo nezinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezifunekayo emizimbeni yethu. Ngokukodwa, iiproteni kunye nee-electrolytes , eziyityuwa enyibilikisiweyo.
Khawucinge nje ukuba imizimba yethu ifana nelizwe. Ezinye zeeproteni ezikule plasma zifana nomkhosi okwelo lizwe. Zisikhusela kwiintshaba ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya ezivela ngaphandle. Sikwabiza ezi antibodies . Olunye uhlobo lweproteni lunceda ekumiseni ukopha xa kukho inxeba. Ngoko ungabona ukuba iplasma ibaluleke kangakanani, akunjalo?
Ngoko ke yintoni i-plasmapheresis kunye ne-plasma exchange?
La magama mabini afana kancinci, ngoko ke kunokuba yinto edidayo. Masiyigcine ilula.
- I-Plasmapheresis: Oku kuquka ukwahlula i-plasma egazini kuphela. Le ndlela idla ngokusetyenziswa ukuthabatha i-plasma kumntu ophilileyo (i-donor plasma) nokunyanga omnye umguli.
- Ukutshintshwa kwePlasma: Le yindlela yonyango esetyenziswa kakhulu. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba iplasma enengxaki, ebangela izifo emzimbeni wakho isuswe ize ithatyathelwe indawo yiplasma elungileyo okanye ulwelo olulinganayo. Kufana nokususa amanzi angcolileyo nokongeza amanzi acocekileyo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha kakhulu ngolu nyango lokutshintshwa kwePlasma.
Zeziphi izifo ezinokunyangwa ngolu nyango?
I-Plasma Exchange lunyango olusetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, ingasebenza kakuhle ekunyangeni izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba, iingxaki zegazi, kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza.
| Udidi lwezifo | Igama lesifo | Olu nyango lunceda njani? |
|---|---|---|
| Iingxaki ze-Neurologic | I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | Isusa iiproteni eziyingozi kwi-plasma ezihlasela umzimba ngokwawo, ilawula iimpawu ezikhawulezileyo neziqatha. |
| I-Myasthenia Gravis | Isusa ii-antibodies ezingalunganga ezihlasela izicubu eziphilileyo, inciphisa ubuthathaka bemisipha. | |
| Isifo sikaGuillain-Barré | Ama-antibodies ahlasela imithambo-luvo asuswa kwi-plasma, nto leyo ekhawulezisa inkqubo yokuphiliswa. | |
| Izifo Zegazi | I-Cryoglobulinemia | Isusa iiproteni ezingaqhelekanga (ii-cryoglobulins) ezithintela imithambo yegazi, zibuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi. |
| I-Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) | Isusa i-plasma enengxaki ebangela ukuqhekeka kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi emincinci. | |
| Umhlaza | Waldenström Macroglobulinemia | Uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwe-antibody (i-immunoglobulin M) oluveliswa ngokugqithisileyo luhluzwa kwi-plasma. |
| I-Multiple Myeloma | Isusa izinto eziyingozi eziveliswa ziiseli zeplasma ezingaqhelekanga eziye zaba ngumhlaza. |
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi nangexesha lonyango?
Ukulungiselela ngaphambi konyango
Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukunike olu nyango, uza kukuxelela izinto ezinje ukuze akulungiselele lona.
- Sela iziselo ezininzi ezingenayo i-carbonated (amanzi, iziselo zeziqhamo) kangangeentsuku ezintathu ngaphambi konyango.
- Yitya isidlo esilula malunga neyure ngaphambi konyango, ngaphandle kokulamba.
- Yiza unxibe impahla ekhululekileyo nekhululekileyo. Ekubeni unyango luza kuthatha iiyure ezininzi, kungcono uphathe into yokufunda, njengencwadi okanye ifowuni ukuze umamele umculo.
- Usenokuziva udiniwe emva konyango, ngoko ke kunokuba nzima ukuqhuba. Kungoko ke, kubalulekile ukuzisa umntu oza kukuthatha akuse ekhaya.
Ngexesha lonyango
Amanyathelo abandakanyekayo kunyango lwePlasma Exchange alula kakhulu.
1. Okokuqala, ugqirha okanye umongikazi uza kufaka umgca we-IV emthanjeni engalweni yakho. Basenokufaka ne-catheter yomgca ophakathi kumthambo omkhulu entanyeni okanye emathunjini akho.
2. Emva koko, igazi elincinci likhutshwa kancinci emzimbeni wakho ngalo.
3. Igazi lithunyelwa kumatshini okhethekileyo, apho kwahlulwa khona iplasma kuphela.
4. I-plasma enengxaki ebangele imeko yakho isusiwe .
5. Emva koko, ulwelo olukhethekileyo olufana neplasma entsha okanye i-albumin longezwa kwiiseli ezibomvu eziseleyo nakwiiseli ezimhlophe.
6. Okokugqibela, eli gazi licociweyo libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho ngaloo cannula inye.
Le nkqubo yonke ingathatha iiyure ezimbalwa, kodwa okufuneka ukwenze ngeli xesha kukulala ebhedini uphumle.
Ingaba oku kubuhlungu? Ngaba kukho iingozi?
Umbuzo abantu abaninzi abanawo kukuba ingaba oku kuya kuba buhlungu na. Hayi, olu asilonyango lubuhlungu. Nangona kunjalo, ungaziva urhawuzelelwa kancinci xa i-cannula ifakwa engalweni yakho. Abanye abantu banokufumana oku kulandelayo ngexesha lonyango:
- Uvakalelwa ngathi izandla neenyawo zakho ziyaqaqamba
- Ukuziva unesicaphucaphu
- Ukuziva ulusizi
- Ndiziva ndibanda
Ukuba uziva into efana nale, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha okanye umongikazi ngoko nangoko. Bayazi izinto ezilula onokuzenza.
Nangona ukutshintshiselana ngeplasma kunyango olukhuselekileyo, kukho ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokwenzeka rhoqo.
- I-Hypocalcemia: Oku kwenzeka kuba i-calcium inokulahleka ngexesha lonyango. Inyangwa nge-calcium efakwa kwimithambo yegazi.
- I-Hypothermia: Umzimba ungaziva ubanda ngenxa yolwelo olubuyiselwa kuwo. Oku kungalawulwa ngokunika ulwelo olufudumeleyo okanye ngokuwusonga ngengubo.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (iHypotension):Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kuya kunikwa i-saline okanye ezinye izinto ezilulwelo.
Ngaba i-dialysis kunye nolu nyango lwe-plasma ziyinto enye?
Abanye abantu bayadideka kuba zombini ezi ndlela zicoca igazi. Nangona kunjalo, zombini zineenjongo ezimbini.
- I-Dialysis: Oku kwenzelwa abantu abanezintso ezingasebenzi kakuhle. I-Dialysis ibandakanya ukuhluza inkunkuma egazini elingenakukwazi ukususwa zizintso.
- Ukutshintshwa kwePlasma: Oku akususi inkunkuma emzimbeni. Kususa iiproteni eziyingozi ezibangela izifo okanye ii-antibodies ezikwiplasma yegazi .
Ngamafutshane, i-dialysis yinkqubo yokususa 'inkunkuma' egazini. Ukutshintshiselana nge-plasma yinkqubo yokubamba nokususa 'abantu ababi' (iiproteni eziyingozi) egazini.
Ixesha oziva ukhululekile ngalo emva konyango lixhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Umzekelo, umntu oneMyasthenia Gravis usenokungabi nazimpawu kangangeenyanga emva kweeveki ezimbalwa zonyango.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Utshintsho lwePlasma lunyango olukhethekileyo olucoca igazi ngokususa iplasma enengxaki egazini kwaye endaweni yalo kufakwe ulwelo olusempilweni.
- Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezininzi ezinxulumene nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ezifana nezifo zemithambo-luvo, izifo zegazi, kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza.
- Olu nyango alubuhlungu, kodwa luthatha iiyure ezimbalwa. Usenokuziva udiniwe emva konyango, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuphumla.
- Olu nyango luhlala lunceda ukulawula iimpawu nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi, endaweni yokunyanga isifo ngokupheleleyo.
- Ngugqirha wakho kuphela owaziyo ngcono ukuba olu nyango lukulungele na kwaye zeziphi izibonelelo eziya kuba nazo. Ngoko thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya.
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