Ngaba uneengxaki zeplatelet egazini lakho? Masifunde ngeengxaki zeplatelet ngendlela elula!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ufumana imivumbo emzimbeni wakho? Okanye kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba ukopha kume emva kokusikwa okuncinci? Mhlawumbi iintsini zakho ziphuma igazi rhoqo? Oku ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luphawu lwengxaki ngeeplatelets, uhlobo lweseli encinci egazini lethu. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngezi ngxaki zeeplatelets.

Zithini ezi ngxaki zeeplatelet?

Ngamafutshane, iingxaki zeplatelet ziimeko ezichaphazela inani leeplatelet egazini lakho okanye indlela ezisebenza ngayo. Kulungile, ngoku mhlawumbi uyazibuza, "Zithini ezi platelet?" Masichaze loo nto.

Zithini iiplatelets?

Khawuthelekelele ukuba unenxeba elincinci. Ukopha kuyayeka emva kwexesha elithile, akunjalo? Kaloku, ezi platelets ziyanceda kuloo nto. Iiplatelets ziziqwenga ezincinci kakhulu zeeseli (njengeziqwenga zeeseli) egazini lethu. Zenziwa kumongo wethu wethambo. Xa kwenzeka ingozi, ezi platelets ziyadibana, zivale inxeba kwaye ziyeke ukopha. Kufana neplasta yendalo emzimbeni wethu! Zinamathelana kwaye zenze ihlwili legazi. Le yinkqubo ephambili eyeka ukopha.

Ngoko ke zithini iingxaki zeplatelet?

Ngoko ke, ingxaki yeplatelet yinto engalunganga kwezi platelet. Oko kuthetha ukuba, nokuba inani leplatelet yakho linokuba liphantsi, okanye liphezulu, okanye nokuba unenani elifanelekileyo leeplatelet, zisenokungasebenzi kakuhle. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, inokubangela iingxaki zokopha.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeengxaki zeplatelet?

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeengxaki zeplatelet:

1. I-Thrombocytosis: Oku kuthetha ukuba inani leeplatelet egazini lakho liphezulu kakhulu kunesiqhelo .

2. I-Thrombocytopenia: Oku kwenzeka xa inani leeplatelet egazini lakho liphantsi kakhulu kunesiqhelo .

3. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweeplatelet: Apha, nangona inani leeplatelet egazini lakho liqhelekile, alisebenzi kakuhle. Kufana nokuba namatayara amane emotweni, kodwa elinye lawo lithe tyaba.

Ixesha elininzi, iimpawu zezi ngxaki zeplatelet azibi nkulu. Abanye abantu basenokungabonakalisi zimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, ingakumbi ukuba iiplatelet ziphantsi okanye azisebenzi kakuhle, kunokubakho umngcipheko owongezelelekileyo wokopha. Kwakhona, ukuba inani leplatelet liphezulu kakhulu, kunokubakho umngcipheko owongezelelekileyo wokwakheka kwamahlwili egazi (ihlwili legazi eliyingozi) .

Ugqirha wakho unokuchaza ezi ngozi aze akucebise unyango olufunekayo ngokwemeko yakho.

Zithini ezi mpawu?

Ezinye zeempawu ezinokubonwa kwizifo zeplatelet zezi:

• Iimpawu zokopha phantsi kolusu:
• Ukudumba kuvela kwiindawo ezithile emzimbeni. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kubizwa ngokuba yi-purpura.
• Amabala amancinci abomvu, afana ne-pin-point (petechiae) avela eluswini. La ngamabala angarhawuzeliyo angajiki abe mhlophe ngokwawo.
• Abafazi bafumana ukopha kakhulu ngexesha lokuya exesheni (kuthatha ixesha elide kunesiqhelo, ukopha kakhulu).
• Ukopha rhoqo ngeempumlo.
• Ukopha kweentsini xa uhlamba amazinyo.
• Igazi elikwisitulo sakho (elinokuba mnyama) okanye igazi kumchamo wakho (elinokuba bomvu/pinki).
• Ukuziva ubuthathaka, unesizungu, okanye ubuthathaka (ingakumbi xa kukho ukulahleka kwegazi).
• Ngamanye amaxesha, amahlwili egazi angaqhelekanga anokubakho (ingakumbi kwiimeko zokubala okuphezulu kweeplatelet).

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Izifo zeplatelet zinokubakho ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, zinokubangelwa yenye imeko yezonyango onayo okanye amayeza owaselayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, zinokubangelwa yimeko yemfuza oyizuze kubazali bakho.

Izizathu zeeplatelet eziphezulu

Kukho izizathu ezibini eziphambili zokuba iiplatelets zonyuke:

• I-Essential thrombocythemia: Le yimeko engaqhelekanga apho umongo wakho wethambo uvelisa iiplatelets ezingaphezulu kunokuba kufanelekile ngenxa yotshintsho lwemfuza.
• I-Reactive thrombocytosis: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Lwenzeka xa umzimba uvelisa iiplatelets ezininzi kakhulu ngenxa yesinye isifo. Umzekelo:
• I-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-iron.
• Iimeko zokudumba emzimbeni (umz. umhlaza, usulelo).
• Ukwenzakala.
• Amanye amayeza.

Izizathu zeplatelets ezisezantsi

Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba inani leeplatelet zakho liphantsi:

• Umzimba awuvelisi iiplatelets ezaneleyo: Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yengxaki yomongo wethambo.
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kweeplatelet ngenxa yesifo: Umzekelo, kwi-`(Izifo ezizikhuselayo emzimbeni)` (izifo zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela), inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela itshabalalisa iiplatelet zayo. `(Immune thrombocytopenia - ITP)` yimeko enjalo.
• I-spleen igcina ii-platelet ezininzi: Ngokwesiqhelo, i-spleen igcina malunga nesithathu see-platelet zethu. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye izifo, eli nani liyanda.
• Ezinye izizathu:
• Umhlaza wegazi (obangelwa kukugcwala komongo weeseli zomhlaza).
• Ezinye izifo zegazi, umzekelo `(Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - TPP)` kunye `(Disseminated intravascular coagulation - DIC)`.
• Usulelo oluqatha.
• Amanye amayeza kunye nonyango lomhlaza (iChemotherapy, unyango lwemisebe).

Izizathu zokungasebenzi kakuhle kweeplatelet

Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba inani leeplatelet liqhelekile, kunokubakho ingxaki ethile ngomsebenzi wazo. Kukwakho nezizathu zoku:

• Iimeko zokuzalwa (zemfuza): Ezi aziqhelekanga kakhulu. Imizekelo: `(Bernard Soulier syndrome)`, `(Glanzman thrombasthenia)`, `(Von Willebrand disease)` (echaphazela ukusebenza kweeplatelet kunye nezinye izinto ezibandakanyeka ekuqhekekeni kwegazi), `(Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome)`.
• Iimeko ezifunyenweyo: Izifo ezinje ngokusilela kwezintso, isifo sesibindi, kunye ne-lupus zinokuchaphazela indlela iiplatelets ezisebenza ngayo.
• Amayeza: Amanye amayeza, ingakumbi amayeza okudakumba e-SSRI kunye nee-NSAID, anokuphazamisa ukusebenza kweeplatelet. Enyanisweni, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweeplatelet okubangelwa ngamayeza yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa ezi zinto?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko wokuphuhliswa kwesifo seplatelet:

• Ubudala: Ezinye iingxaki zeplatelet zinokwenzeka rhoqo kumaqela athile eminyaka.
• Isini: Nangona nabani na enokuba nayo, abafazi banamathuba amaninzi okuba neempawu ngexesha lokopha, njengokuya exesheni kunye nokuzala.
• Imbali yosapho: Ezinye izifo ze-platelet zemfuza zinokudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.
• Ezinye iimeko zonyango: Izifo ezininzi, ezifana nezifo zokuzikhusela komzimba, usulelo, izifo zezintso nezesibindi, kunye nomhlaza, zinokubangela iingxaki zeeplatelet.
• Unyango lomhlaza: Unyango lwe-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation lunokunciphisa inani leeplatelet.
• Amayeza: Ii-antibiotics kunye namanye amayeza esifo sokuwa nazo zinokuchaphazela iiplatelets.
• Indlela Yokuphila: Ukusela utywala kakhulu kunye nokusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba kunokuchaphazela ukuveliswa kweeplatelet.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokuvela kule meko?

Ukuba iingxaki zeplatelet azilawulwa kakuhle, ezinye iingxaki zinokwenzeka:

• Ukopha: Kwanesilonda esincinci sinokubangela ukopha okuninzi.
• Ukopha kakhulu exesheni kwabasetyhini (iMenorrhagia).
• Ukopha kwamathumbu.
• Kwiimeko ezifana ne-'essential thrombocytosis', iimeko eziyingozi ezifana nokuqhekeka kwegazi kwimithambo yemilenze (deep vein thrombosis) okanye ukuqhekeka kwegazi kwimiphunga (pulmonary embolism) zinokwenzeka.
• Ingozi yokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi (ingakumbi ukuba igazi liqhekeka lula).

Kodwa khumbula,Ngokusebenza nogqirha nokulandela isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo, uninzi lwezi ngxaki zinokuphetshwa.

Uyifumana njani le nto? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuba uneempawu zesifo se-platelet, ugqirha uza kuqala akuhlole ngokwasemzimbeni. Baza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho, amayeza owaselayo, kunye nokuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho oye waba neengxaki ezifanayo. Baza kuthatha nembali yezonyango. Emva koko, baza kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga ii-platelet zakho.

Uvavanyo lwegazi oluphambili zezi:

• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Olu lulinganisa inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets egazini lakho.
• I-Peripheral blood smear (PBS): Kolu vavanyo, ithontsi lesampulu yegazi lakho lithathwa lize lihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonwe ukuba ii-platelet zibukeka ziqhelekile na kwaye kukho naluphi na utshintsho kwimo okanye kubukhulu bazo.
• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kweeplatelet: Olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba iiplatelet zakho zenza njani amahlwili egazi kwaye zisebenza kakuhle na.

Ukuba ezi mvavanyo ziqinisekisa ukuba unesifo se-platelet, kunokufuneka wenze ezinye iimvavanyo ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba yintoni ebangela oko. Umzekelo:

• I-Bone Marrow Biopsy: Kule nto, kuthathwa isampuli encinci yomongo wethambo ize ihlolwe iiseli ezingaqhelekanga (iimpawu zesifo segazi okanye umhlaza).
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza: Ekubeni ezinye iingxaki zeplatelet zibangelwa zizinto zemfuza, olu vavanyo lukhangela utshintsho lwemfuza olunxulumene nazo.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Unyango lweengxaki zeplatelet luxhomekeke kwisizathu. Ezinye iimeko zingokwethutyana kwaye ziyaphela xa unobangela uphelile. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo seplatelet esingapheliyo (esihlala ixesha elide), kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wegazi kwaye ufumane unyango lokugcina amanqanaba eplatelet yakho ekhuselekile.

Oku kulandelayo kungenziwa njengonyango:

• Ukulinda ngononophelo: Ukuba iimpawu zakho azikho mbi kakhulu, usenokungadingi unyango olukhawulezileyo. Endaweni yoko, ugqirha wakho uya kujonga amanqanaba eeplatelet zakho ngovavanyo lwegazi rhoqo.
• Amayeza: Ukuba inani leeplatelet zakho liphezulu kakhulu, nokuba kungenxa yemeko efana ne-`essential thrombocytosis` okanye omnye umhlaza wegazi (njenge-`(isifo se-myeloproliferative)`), unganikwa amayeza okulinciphisa. Ngokufanayo, ukuba inani leeplatelet zakho liphantsi, unganikwa amayeza okwandisa imveliso yazo okanye ukunciphisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwazo.
• Ukuncipha kweeplatelet: Oku kwenziwa rhoqo. Inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-apheresis isusa iiplatelet ezigqithisileyo egazini.
• Utofelo-gazi lweeplatelet:Ukuba inani leeplatelet zakho liphantsi kakhulu (ingakumbi ukuba uyopha), unokunikwa iiplatelet ngaphandle.
• Unyango lwePlasma / Utshintshiselwano lwePlasma: Olu nyango lunokuba yimfuneko kwiimeko zesifo esifana ne-TPP. Oku kubandakanya ukutshintsha inxalenye yegazi elahlekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-(ADAMTS13).

Uphila njani nale meko? Uzinyamekela njani?

Amava akho aya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwesifo se-platelet onaso kunye nesizathu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, inani le-platelet yakho liya kubuyela kwisiqhelo xa unobangela unyangiwe. Okanye, imeko yakho isenokungabi yingozi ebomini de ube nokwenzakala. Kwimeko enjalo, kuya kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo okunciphisa umngcipheko wokwenzakala. Ukuba wenza into efana notyando, iqela lakho lezonyango kuya kufuneka liqaphele ngokukodwa ukuthintela ukopha.

Kwiimeko ezinzulu ngakumbi, kunokufuneka uqhubeke nokusela amayeza, ufumane unyango rhoqo, kwaye wenze uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uneeplatelet ezaneleyo ezisempilweni emzimbeni wakho.

Ukuba kufuneka uphile nesifo se-platelet, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuqonda kakuhle indlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokopha okanye amahlwili egazi ayingozi. Kubalulekile ukwazi ezi zinto:

• Imisebenzi Omawuyiphephe: Ezinye iingxaki zeplatelet zinokubangela ukopha okukhulu ukuba wenzakele. Ke ngoko, imisebenzi enobungozi obukhulu bokwenzakala (umz., imidlalo yokudibanisa) kufuneka ithintelwe.
• Indlela yokunyamekela inxeba: Ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokopha, kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokufaka uxinzelelo kwinxeba ukuze uyeke ukopha. Ugqirha wakho angakufundisa indlela yokwenza oku.
• Amayeza omawuwasebenzise (nongawasebenzisiyo): Kusenokufuneka uqhubeke usebenzisa amayeza okulawula ingxaki yeplatelet. Kusenokufuneka uwaphephe amayeza athile (afana nee-NSAID ezifana ne-aspirin) aphazamisana nokusebenza kweplatelet kwaye anyuse umngcipheko wokopha.
• Izongezo ekufuneka uziphephe: Ezinye izongezo zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokopha kubantu abaneengxaki zeplatelet. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi ezi.
• Indlela yokunxibelelana noogqirha bakho: Ukuba uceba ukwenza nantoni na enokubangela ukopha, nokuba yinkqubo encinci efana nokukhupha izinyo okanye utyando olukhulu, kufuneka wazise oogqirha bakho ngayo.

Funa ingcebiso kuyo yonke le nto kwingcali yakho ye-hematologist okanye kugqirha ojongene nemeko yakho.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba ubona iimpawu zesifo se-platelet, njengokugruzuka okungapheliyo ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo (ingakumbi imigruzuko emikhulu kunengqekembe yee-rupee ezintlanu ongayikhumbuliyo) , bona ugqirha.

Ukuba uneempawu zokopha kakhulu (umz., ukopha okungapheliyo, isiyezi esinzima, ukulahlekelwa zingqondo) okanye iimpawu zokuqhekeka kwegazi (umz., iintlungu zesifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ubunzima bokuthetha, ukungaziva kakuhle engalweni okanye emlenzeni - ezi zinokuba ziimpawu "zokufa kwestroke" okanye "uhlaselo lwentliziyo"), yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa ubona ugqirha, ungathandabuzi ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingxaki yam inzulu kangakanani?
• Ngaba oku kunganyangwa ngokupheleleyo?
• Loluphi uhlobo lonyango oluya kundinceda?
• Ndifanele ndihlolwe kangaphi amanqanaba eeplatelet zam?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuthintela ukopha okuyingozi okanye amahlwili egazi?

Umyalezo wokugqibela oya ekhaya

Zininzi izinto ezinokuchaphazela iiplatelets, kwaye nonyango oluthile lunokuchaphazela. Ngoko ke, musa ukucinga ukuba kubi kakhulu xa ufumanisa ukuba inani leeplatelets zakho aliqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela ingxaki. Kulapho ke kuphela apho uya kwazi khona kanye into ojongene nayo.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba uneempawu zesifo se-platelet, bonana nogqirha. Angacebisa unyango oluza kunceda ukubuyisela amanqanaba akho e-platelet kwisimo esiqhelekileyo okanye ukulawula imeko yakho. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuhlala usempilweni kukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo, ubuze imibuzo, kwaye uqonde kakuhle imeko yakho.

iingxaki zeplatelet , iiplatelet, ukopha, ukujiya kwegazi, i-thrombocytopenia, i-thrombocytosis, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweplatelet, unyango lwesiSinhala, izifo zegazi