Masifunde ngakumbi ngeSifo sePneumococcal, isifo esichaphazela kungekuphela nje imiphunga neendlebe zakho, kodwa nomzimba wakho wonke.

Ngaba wakha waba nomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane owaqala njengomkhuhlane nje okanye umkhuhlane, waza waguquka waba yinto enzulu ngakumbi, mhlawumbi ne-pneumonia? Okanye ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci uhlala efumana usulelo lwendlebe? Esinye sezizathu zoku singaba yintsholongwane esithetha ngayo namhlanje ebizwa ngokuba yi-'pneumococcal'. Ungakhathazeki, ukuba uyazi ngale nto, ungazikhusela kakhulu kwaye uphile ngokukhawuleza ukuba uyayifumana. Ngoko ke, masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, akunjalo?

Yintoni isifo se-Pneumococcal? Ngamafutshane...

Isifo se-pneumococcal sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane iStreptococcus pneumoniae (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-pneumococcus). Siyosulela, oko kuthetha ukuba sinokusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ngamanye amaxesha sinokuba sincinci, njengosulelo lwe-sinus (sinusitis). Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha sinokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinzulu nezisongela ubomi ezifana ne-pneumonia, i-sepsis, okanye i-bacterial meningitis. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuyiqonda nokunyanga ngokukhawuleza.

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane adla ngokunikezelwa njengonyango loku. Kwakhona, kukho amayeza okugonya okunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo. La mayeza okugonya abaluleke kakhulu kubantwana abancinci nakubantu abadala. Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho wosapho ukuze ufumane ukuba zeziphi izitofu zokugonya ezifanelekileyo kuwe nakusapho lwakho.

Ingaba i-pneumonia kunye nesifo se-pneumococcal zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo? Okanye ziyafana?

Le yindawo apho abantu abaninzi banamathela khona. Cinga ngayo, isifo se-pneumococcal ligama eliqhelekileyo laso nasiphi na isifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-pneumococcus. I-pneumococcal pneumonia yenye yezo zifo. Kodwa sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo, sinzima kancinci, esibangelwa yile ntsholongwane.

Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iinyumoniya ezibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-pneumococcus. Ezinye iintlobo zeentsholongwane, iintsholongwane, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iifungi nazo zinokubangela inyumoniya. Oko kuthetha ukuba, kuba nje umntu enenyumoniya, akufuneki ukuba yinyumoniya ye-pneumococcal. Uyayazi?

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zesifo se-pneumococcal?

Izazinzulu zichonge iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezimalunga ne-100 zale bhaktiriya (iStreptococcus pneumoniae). Ezi zibangela iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zesifo se-pneumococcal:

1. Ayihlaseli: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo . Ayibalulekanga kangako kunezinye iintlobo. Kolu hlobo, usulelo alusasazeki kwizitho eziphambili okanye egazini.

2. I-Invasive: Olu lolona hlobo luyingozi kakhulu. Kolu hlobo, iintsholongwane zingena egazini, okanye zingene kwiindawo apho iintsholongwane zingafanele zibe khona (njengengqondo, amathambo), okanye ilungu eliphambili njengemiphunga.

Zeziphi izifo ezinokubangelwa yile ntsholongwane ye-pneumococcus?

Le ntsholongwane inokubangela usulelo naphi na emzimbeni. Masibone ukuba ziintoni.

Izifo ezinobungozi, ezisongela ubomi (ezihlaselayo):

Ezi zifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.

• I-Bacteremia: Kulapho iintsholongwane zingena khona egazini.
• I-Bacterial Meningitis: Ngamafutshane, ngumkhuhlane wobuchopho.
• Usulelo lwemiphunga `(Isifo semiphunga):` Yile nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-pneumonia.
• I-Osteomyelitis: Usulelo lwethambo olubangelwa yintsholongwane.
• I-Septic Arthritis: Usulelo ngaphakathi kwamalungu.
• Ukudumba okukhulu kunye nokudumba emzimbeni wonke (iSepsis): Oku kwenzeka xa iintsholongwane zingena egazini (i-septicemia), nto leyo ebangela ukusabela okukhulu kokudumba emzimbeni.

Kubalulekile: Iimeko ezifana ne-pneumococcal meningitis (umkhuhlane wobuchopho) kunye ne-bacteremia (ityhefu egazini) zinokubangela umonakalo wobuchopho, ukulahlekelwa kukuva, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokunqunyulwa kwelungu. Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, inokukhokelela ekufeni.

Izifo ezingabalulekanga kangako (ezingenasihlaselo):

• I-Bronchitis: Usulelo lwemibhobho ye-bronchial ekhokelela ukusuka emqaleni ukuya emiphungeni.
• Usulelo lwendlebe ephakathi (Otitis Media): Usulelo lwendlebe oluqhelekileyo kubantwana abancinci.
• Isifo samehlo (Conjunctivitis): Amehlo abomvu, arhawuzelelayo.
• I-Sinusitis: Usulelo lwemingxunya yomoya (ii-sinus) ebunzini nasezidleleni.

Ngubani onokuthi abe nesifo se-pneumococcal?

Enyanisweni, nabani na angosuleleka sesi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuba naso.

Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 banamathuba amaninzi okufumana olu sulelo. Kwakhona, abantwana abanezi meko zilandelayo basengozini enkulu:

• Kubantwana abanee-implants ze-cochlear.
• Abantwana abavuzayo kwiCerebrospinal Fluid (CSF).
• Abantwana abanesifo seswekile i-Mellitus.
• Abantwana abaneengxaki ezinxulumene nezintso, ezifana neNephrotic Syndrome.
• Abantwana abanesifo se-sickle cell, okanye abo basuswe okanye bonzakele ulusu lwabo.
• Abantwana abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (ezifana nezo zibangelwa ngamayeza athile, ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba, umhlaza, okanye i-HIV/AIDS).

Abantu abadala kunye nabo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka nabo basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo. Kwakhona:

• Kwabo baneminyaka engama-65 ubudala nangaphezulu .
• Kwabo baxhomekeke kutywala (i-Alcohol Use Disorder).
• Kubantu abanokuvuza kolwelo lomgogodla (CSF leak).
• Abantu abanesifo semiphunga (esingapheliyo) sexesha elide, isifo sentliziyo, isifo sesibindi, okanye isifo sezintso.
• Kwabo batshayayo.
• Kwabo bane-cochlear implants.

Kwakhona, imozulu nayo inokudlala indima. Esi sifo sinokwenzeka kakhulu kwiinyanga ezibandayo nezomileyo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani isifo se-pneumococcal?

Esi sisifo esiqhelekileyo ngokwenene. Umzekelo, ngokutsho kwe-US Centers for Disease Control (CDC), malunga ne-2,000 iimeko ze-pneumococcal meningitis zixelwa minyaka le. Ukongeza, abantu abangaphezu kwe-150,000 bangeniswa esibhedlele ngenxa ye-pneumococcal pneumonia.

I-pneumonia ye-pneumococcal sesona sifo siqhelekileyo esibangelwa yintsholongwane `(Streptococcus pneumoniae). Nangona uninzi lwee-pneumonia kubantwana abancinci zibangelwa ziintsholongwane, i-pneumococcus bacteria yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo ebangela i-pneumonia yebhaktiriya ebantwaneni.

Ingaba esi sisifo esisulelayo? Sidluliselwa njani kanye kanye?

Ewe, iyasulela. Abantu abaninzi, ingakumbi abantwana abancinci, banokuyithwala intsholongwane ethi `(Streptococcus pneumoniae)` ezimpumlweni zabo nasemqaleni ngaphandle kokubangela ukugula (sibabiza ngokuba 'ngabathwali'). Nokuba abanazo iimpawu, basenokuyisasaza kwabanye.

Idluliselwa njani? Ngokuyintloko ngamathontsi amathe okanye i-mucus (i-sputum). Oko kukuthi:

• Xa ukhohlela.
• Xa uthimla.
• Xa sichukumisana, sitshintshisana izinto esizisebenzisileyo, okanye siqabulana.

Ekubeni abantu abaninzi bethwala le ntsholongwane ngaphandle kokugula, kunzima ukutsho ukuba isasazeka nini kanye kanye. Nangona kunjalo, wakuba ufumene usulelo lwe-pneumococcal kwaye uqale unyango, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uyeke ukulusasaza kwabanye kungekapheli usuku okanye ezimbini.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo se-pneumococcal?

Iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yosulelo kunye nobunzima balo.

Kwizifo eziqhelekileyo nezingenamandla kangako, unokufumana iintlungu, umkhuhlane, okanye ukudumba kwindawo enesifo:

• Usulelo lwendlebe ephakathi (i-Otitis Media) olubangelwa yintsholongwane ye-pneumococcal lunokubangela iimpawu ezifana nosulelo olungasemva kwendlebe, intlungu yendlebe, kunye nokudinwa. Khawuthelekelele umntwana wakho ekhalaza ngentlungu yendlebe ngequbuliso, ebonakala ediniwe, kwaye esenokuba nomkhuhlane.
• Usulelo lweSinus (Sinusitis) lunokubangela ukuxinana kwempumlo, iintloko ezibuhlungu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokulahlekelwa livumba (Anosmia).

Nangona kunjalo, isifo se-pneumococcal sinokubangela iimeko ezinzulu nezisongela ubomi.

Ukuba unesifo se-pneumonia, unokufumana iimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Ukukhwehlela (mhlawumbi kunye ne-phlegm).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Umkhuhlane okanye ukubanda.

Kwimeko efana ne-meningitis, ungalindela iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ifiva.
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu.
• Kwiintsana ezincinci, ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, ukuncipha kokungenisa ubisi, kunye nokuhlanza.
• Uvakalelo ekukhanyeni (kubonakala kunzima ukujonga izibane ezikhanyayo).

Ukuba unebhaktheriya egazini lakho (iBacteremia) , ezi zinto zinokwenzeka:

• Ndiziva ndibanda kwaye ndingcangcazela.
• Ifiva.
• Ukudideka.

Ngamanye amaxesha, umzimba unokuba nempendulo ebukhali yokudumba kwisifo se-pneumococcal. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-sepsis . Iimpawu zayo ziquka:

• Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukuphefumla kancinci (Dyspnea).
• Ukungakhululeki okanye intlungu enzulu.
• Umkhuhlane okanye ukubanda.
• Ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo.
• Ukubila.
• Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, ukufa kunokuvela.

Soloko ufuna ingcebiso kagqirha! Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unomkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwama-38.06 degrees Celsius (100.5 Fahrenheit), iintlungu esifubeni, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza okanye uye esibhedlele esikufutshane.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le sifo?

Oogqirha bavavanya iintsholongwane `(Streptococcus pneumoniae)`. Bakwajonga nezinye iimeko zempilo. Okokuqala, ugqirha uza kukuhlola aze akubuze ngembali yakho yezonyango kunye neempawu zakho zangoku.

Emva koko, kunokwenzeka ukwenza iimvavanyo ezinje:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi (i-Complete Blood Count okanye i-CBC).
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo.
• Uvavanyo lwesikhohlela (xa kukho usulelo lwemiphunga).
• I-X-ray yesifuba.
• Ukubhajwa kweLumbar (ukuba kurhanelwa ukuba kukho ithumba ebuchotsheni).

Ngaba ikho indlela yokunyanga le nto? Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Uninzi lwezifo ezibangelwa yi-pneumococcal zinokunyangwa ukuba ziqatshelwe kwangethuba kwaye zinyangwe ngee-antibiotics. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha iintsholongwane zinokuba nokumelana nezinye ii-antibiotics. Oku kuthetha ukuba amayeza awabulali iintsholongwane. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, ugqirha unokufuneka azame ezinye iintlobo zee-antibiotics.

Ubude bonyango kunye nohlobo lwe-antibiotic olunikiweyo lunokwahluka, kuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nobunzima bosulelo.

Kwizifo eziqhelekileyo nezingenzulu kangako, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa oku kulandelayo:

• Sela amanzi amaninzi kunye nolwelo.
• Izibulali-ntlungu.
• Phumla.

Kwiimeko ezinzima, ezifana ne-meningitis, kunokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele ukuze ufumane unyango. Usulelo olunzima ngamanye amaxesha lunokukhokelela kwisifo esingapheliyo (esingapheliyo), ukukhubazeka, okanye nokufa.

Ngaba isifo se-pneumococcal singasongela ubomi?

Uninzi lwezifo ze-pneumococcal azikho nzulu kangako. Nangona kunjalo, le ntsholongwane inokubaIngabangela izifo ezinzulu nezisongela ubomi. Ukuba isifo asiqatshelwa kwaye asinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, sinokuba yingozi. Ke ngoko, ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu ezirhanelekayo, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yakhe ngononophelo.

Singazikhusela njani kwesi sifo? Ziziphi iindlela zokuthintela?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo nesebenzayo yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana isifo se-pneumococcal kukugonywa. Okwangoku, kucetyiswa ukuba kugonywe i-pneumococcal kwi:

• Kubantwana abancinci abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala. (Enyanisweni, oku kufakiwe kwishedyuli yokugonywa rhoqo kweentsana ezincinci eSri Lanka).
• Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abanezinye izifo ezingapheliyo kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwamasosha omzimba abanokuba sesichengeni sosulelo lwe-pneumococcal.
• Kwabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu .
• Kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-19 nengama-64 ubudala abaneengxaki ezithile zempilo okanye ezinye izinto ezinobungozi.
• Kwabo bahlala okanye basebenza kumakhaya abantu abadala okanye kwezinye iindawo zokhathalelo lwexesha elide.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba loluphi ugonyo olulungele wena okanye umntwana wakho kunye nokuba ungalufumana nini. Kubalulekile nokuba ufumane ugonyo lomkhuhlane kwixesha langoku. Ungazifumana zombini ezi gonyo ngaxeshanye.

Ingaba ezi zitofu ze-pneumococcal zikhuselekile ngokwenene?

Ewe, imijovo ye-pneumococcal ikhuselekile. Ayibangeli isifo se-pneumococcal. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga azixhaphakanga kwaye zihlala zincinci. Ziyaphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Unokufumana iintlungu, ukudumba, kunye nokubomvu kwindawo yokujova. Amaxesha amaninzi, iimpawu ezifana neentlungu zemisipha, iintlungu zamalungu, kunye nomkhuhlane zinokubakho. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nokhuseleko lwemijovo, buza ugqirha wakho.

Kudla ngokuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuze umntu aphile kwesi sifo?

Ixesha lokuchacha kwisifo se-pneumococcal lixhomekeke kuhlobo losulelo kunye nobunzima balo. Ngokubanzi, kwiimeko ezincinci, uya kuqala ukuziva ungcono emva nje kokuba uqalise amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Amaxesha amaninzi, usulelo olunzima lunokubangela ukugula okanye ukukhubazeka kwexesha elide (okungapheliyo).

Ukuba ukhe wayifumana le sifo, ayizukuphinda yenzeke na?

Ukuba nesifo se-pneumococcal kube kanye akukukhuseli ekufumaneni kwakhona. Ukugonywa yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela esi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba imigonyo ayiboneleli ngokhuseleko olupheleleyo.

Ingaba kulungile na ukusela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngenxa yokoyika ukugula?

Hayi. Sela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kuphela xa ugqirha wakho ekunike wona. Kubaluleke kakhulu nokuthatha amayeza apheleleyo owanikiweyo ixesha lonke. Asinguye wonke umntu oguliswa kukuba kufutshane nomntu onesifo.

Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule koku zezi:

Igama elithi isifo se-pneumococcal ngamanye amaxesha lingavakala lisoyikisa kancinci. Kodwa,Ukuba uqaphela isifo kwangethuba kwaye ufumane unyango ngee-antibiotics, ungaphila ngokukhawuleza. Kwiimeko ezininzi, unokuthintela iingxaki ezinkulu. Ukuba uqala ukuba neempawu ezikrokrisayo, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko uze ufumane unyango.

Kwakhona, kukho inyathelo elinye elibalulekileyo onokulithatha ukuze uzikhusele wena kunye nabantu obathandayo kwesi sifo se-pneumococcal - kwaye elo kukufumana isitofu se-pneumococcal. Buza ugqirha ukuba ukufumana esi sitofu kunokukunceda njani wena nosapho lwakho nihlale nisempilweni kwaye nikhuselekile. Ukuhlala nisempilweni yeyona nto ibalulekileyo!

Isifo sePneumococcal , iStreptococcus pneumoniae, ipneumonia, usulelo lwebhaktheriya, ugonyo lwe-pneumococcal, impilo yabantwana, usulelo lokuphefumla