Igama elithi "uxinzelelo" ligama esiliva rhoqo emakhayeni ethu, phakathi kwezalamane, naxa sithetha nabahlobo. Kwabanye, uxinzelelo lwabo lwegazi lunokunyuka ngenxa yesifo esifana nesifo seswekile. Kodwa uyazi, kubantu abaninzi, akunakwenzeka ukutsho ngqo ukuba kutheni uxinzelelo lwabo lwegazi lunyuka. Ngokufanayo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu oluvela ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile kwaye lubangelwa kukudibana kwezinto ezininzi yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi -primary hypertension kunyango. Ngaphambili, oku kwakubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Essential Hypertension)`. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula nangendlela onokuyiqonda.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Primary Hypertension?
Ngamafutshane, oku kwenzeka xa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luphezulu kunesiqhelo ngaphandle kwemeko ebonakalayo engaphantsi. Uxinzelelo lwegazi lomntu ophilileyo kufuneka lube ngaphantsi kwe-120/80 mmHg. Ukuba elinye okanye omabini la maxabiso ahlala ephezulu kuneli nqanaba, oko kuthetha ukuba uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi yakho luphezulu kakhulu. Kwi-Primary Hypertension, kuba akukho sizathu sinye, sithi yimeko ye-multi-factorial.
Kutheni le nto sifanele sikhathalele kangaka ngale nto?
Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luqhelekile. Kodwa uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulekiyo lufana nombulali othuleyo. Luyawonakalisa kancinci kancinci imithambo yegazi ebuthathaka emzimbeni wakho. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo monakalo unokwakheka kwaye ukhokelele kwiingxaki ezinzulu nezisongela ubomi.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba uninzi lwezi ngxaki luza ngaphandle kwesilumkiso. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukulawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi.
Nazi ezinye zeemeko eziyingozi ezinokuvela koku:
- I-Brain aneurysm: Umthambo wegazi engqondweni unokuba buthathaka kwaye uvuthuze njengebhaluni uze uqhume.
- I-Dementia: Inkumbulo kunye nobuchule bokucinga buyaphela kancinci kancinci ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokunikezelwa kwegazi engqondweni.
- Uhlaselo lwentliziyo: Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni.
- Ukusilela kwentliziyo: Imeko apho intliziyo ingakwaziyo ukupompa igazi elaneleyo emzimbeni.
- Isifo sezintso: Izintso zisenokonakala, inkqubo yokucoca inkunkuma yomzimba ingayeka, kwaye kufuneka i-dialysis ubomi bakho bonke.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi olubi: Uxinzelelo lwegazi luba phezulu ngequbuliso luze lubangele umonakalo kwizitho zomzimba.
- Istroke: Ukulahlekelwa bubomi kwinxalenye yomzimba ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokuhamba kwegazi ukuya engqondweni.
- Ukulahlekelwa kukubona: Ukonakala kwemithambo yegazi ebuthathaka emehlweni kunokukhokelela ekungaboni kakuhle kwanokuba yimfama.
Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko ezichaphazela le meko?
Nangona kungekho sizathu sinye soxinzelelo lwegazi oluphambili, zininzi izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko. Ezinye zezi zinto esinokuzitshintsha. Ezinye zizinto esingenakuzilawula. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezi zinto.
| Into Engumngcipheko | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukwaluphala | Ngokubanzi, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala basengozini enkulu. Njengoko sikhula, ukuguquguquka kwemithambo yegazi yethu kuyehla. |
| Isifo seswekile | Abantu abanesifo seswekile basengozini enkulu yokuba noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. |
| Ityuwa egqithisileyo ekutyeni | Ityuwa, iisosi, intlanzi eyomisiweyo, kunye nezidlo esizityayo ziphezulu kwisodium. Ezi zinto zibangela ukuba umzimba ugcine amanzi kwaye zonyuse uxinzelelo lwegazi. |
| Ukugqithisa i-caffeine | Ukusela ikofu, iti, kunye nezinye iziselo ezibandayo kakhulu kunokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi okwethutyana. |
| Imbali yosapho | Ukuba umama wakho, utata, okanye abantakwenu banesifo sokudakumba, nawe usengozini yokuba naso. |
| Ukutyeba kakhulu | Njengoko ubunzima bomzimba busanda, intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi. Le yeyona nto ibangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. |
| Ukusetyenziswa kotywala | Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo kuchaphazela ngqo uxinzelelo lwegazi. |
| Ukungazilolongi | Indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phantsi, ukuhlala kwindawo enye imini yonke ngaphandle kokuzilolonga, inegalelo kuxinzelelo. |
| Iingxaki zokulala | Ukuba uneengxaki ezifana nokungalali ngokwaneleyo, oko kunokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. |
Oku kwahluke njani kwezinye iintlobo zoxinzelelo?
Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lunokwahlulwa lube ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili.
1. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluPhambili: Olu lolona hlobo sithetha ngalo. Akukho sizathu sinye sale nto.
2. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Kule meko, kukho isizathu esicacileyo sokonyuka koxinzelelo lwegazi. Oko kukuthi, ukonyuka koxinzelelo lwegazi kwenzeka njengesiphumo esingesihle senye imeko yezonyango okanye amayeza.
Izinto ezinokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu zezi:
- Isifo sezintso
- Isifo se-thyroid
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa (i-preeclampsia)
- Ukuphazamiseka kokulala
- Izifo ze-adrenal gland
- Ezinye ii-painkillers (NSAIDs)
Ngamanye amaxesha umntu unokuba nazo zombini ezi ntlobo ze-hypertension kunye. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu onesifo se-primary hypertension ngequbuliso ufumana ukunyuka okukhulu koxinzelelo lwegazi, ugqirha uya kukhangela unobangela omtsha we-secondary hypertension.
Zithini iimpawu zoku? Asinakwazi kwangethuba?
Kulapho ke ingozi ikhona khona. I-Primary Hypertension ayibonisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Ungonakalisa imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokuqaphela. Yiyo loo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-"Silent Killer".
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezinye iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala ngenxa yokonakala kwemithambo yegazi.
| Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka | Ithetha ntoni le nto? |
|---|---|
| Igazi kumchamo (i-hematuria) | Kusenokuba luphawu lokuba izintso ziyalimala. |
| Umbono ofipheleyo | Uphawu lokuba imithambo yegazi esweni iyonakele. |
| Intlungu yesifuba kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla | Isilumkiso sokuba intliziyo iyachaphazeleka. |
| Ukudinwa kunye nokuquleka | Ingabangelwa kukungahambi kakuhle kwendlela igazi elihamba ngayo engqondweni. |
| Ukudinwa rhoqo | Ingabangelwa kukuba intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima kakhulu. |
| Ukopha empumlweni | Uphawu olunokwenzeka xa uxinzelelo lwegazi luphezulu kakhulu. |
| Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu | Intloko ebuhlungu, ingakumbi kusasa, isenokunxulunyaniswa noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. |
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, nceda ubone ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani le nto kanye kanye?
Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphambili lufunyaniswa emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luphezulu kwaye akukho sizathu `sesibini' (njengesifo sezintso) esiluchaphazelayo.
Indlela yokujonga uxinzelelo
Ugqirha ulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho ngokubeka i-cuff ejikeleze ingalo yakho aze ayivuthele. Oku kunika amaxabiso amabini.
- Uxinzelelo lwe-Systolic (inombolo ephezulu): Olu luhlu loxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yakho xa intliziyo yakho ibetha kwaye ipompa igazi.
- Uxinzelelo lwe-Diastolic (inombolo esezantsi):Oku kulinganisa uxinzelelo oluncinci ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi xa intliziyo iphumle phakathi kwentliziyo ezimbini.
Awunakuthi unoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kuba nje uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luphezulu kube kanye. Ugqirha uza kulinganisa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi kwiintsuku ezininzi nangamaxesha ahlukeneyo ukuze afikelele kwisigqibo.
Ngaba kufuneka ezinye iimvavanyo?
Ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luhlala luphezulu, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba ujonge uxinzelelo lwegazi iiyure ezingama-24 . Oku kuquka ukunxiba isixhobo esincinci esinqeni sakho kunye ne-cuff enamathele kuso engalweni yakho iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku. Esi sixhobo silinganisa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi rhoqo, nokuba usebenza okanye ulele. Ekupheleni kosuku, ungenza umlinganiselo wolu vavanyo ukuze ubone ukuba ngokwenene une-high blood pressure.
Iphathwa njani? Simele senze ntoni?
Kukho izinto ezimbini eziphambili zokunyanga uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Ezi zizinto zokutshintsha indlela yokuphila kunye namayeza. Zombini kufuneka zithathwe kunye.
1. Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
Oku kubaluleke ngaphezu kokusela amayeza. Ukuba wenza olu tshintsho ngokuchanekileyo, unokukwazi ukunciphisa umthamo wamayeza, okanye ulawule uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho ngaphandle kwamayeza.
- Ukuzilolonga: Yenza umthambo ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, njengokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ukubaleka, okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile.
- Yeka ukutshaya: Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, yeka namhlanje. Ukutshaya kuyingozi kakhulu kwimithambo yegazi.
- Ukuphepha utywala neziyobisi: Kungcono ukuziphepha ngokupheleleyo ezi zinto.
- Ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo:
- Nciphisa ityuwa: Yeka ngokupheleleyo ukongeza ityuwa ekutyeni kwakho nokutya ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi (iisosi, i-ketchup, intlanzi eyomisiweyo, iisoseji, izidlo zokutya okulula).
- Nciphisa ioyile neswekile: Nciphisa ukutya okuqhotsiweyo, ukutya okunencasa, kunye nokutya okubhakiweyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
- Imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye nemifuno: Yongeza ezinye zezi zinto ekutyeni kwakho.
- Ukulala kakuhle: Ukulala kakuhle iiyure ezisi-7-8 ngosuku kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni uxinzelelo lwegazi.
2. Amayeza anikwe ngugqirha
Ukuba utshintsho lwendlela yokuphila lodwa aluyilawuli uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika amayeza. Ungaze uqale, uyeke, okanye utshintshe umthamo wale mayeza wedwa.
| Uhlobo lweyeza | Kwenzeka ntoni kuyo? |
|---|---|
| Izithinteli ze-ACE | Iyanciphisa ukuveliswa kweproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-angiotensin, eyonyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi emzimbeni. |
| Ii-Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ii-ARB) | Ithintela ukuxinana kwemithambo yegazi. |
| Ii-Beta Blockers | Iyanciphisa isantya sentliziyo kwaye inciphise inani legazi elikhutshwa entliziyweni. Oku kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. |
| Iibhloko zeCalcium Channel | Iyanciphisa ukungena kwekhalsiyam kwimithambo yegazi kwaye ikhulula izihlunu zemithambo yegazi. |
| I-Diuretics (iipilisi zamanzi) | Inceda ekususeni amanzi angaphezulu kunye nesodium (ityuwa) emzimbeni ngomchamo. |
| IiVasodilators | Ikhulula izihlunu ezikwiindonga zemithambo yegazi, ivumela igazi ukuba lihambe lula. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphambili luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu oluvela ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo.
- Ekubeni kungekho zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala, oku kunokuba "ngumbulali othuleyo." Ngoko ke, jonga uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka, ukususela kwiminyaka engama-30 ubudala.
- Amayeza odwa awanele ukunyanga. Ukulandela indlela yokuphila esempilweni kubalulekile.
- Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo. Sela amayeza akho ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ngedosi efanelekileyo. Yiya kwiikliniki rhoqo.
- Ungaze uyeke okanye utshintshe amayeza akho oxinzelelo lwegazi ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho. Oku kunokuba nemiphumo eyingozi.
- Le yimeko elawulekayo. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo nendlela yokuphila efanelekileyo, ungaphila ubomi obude nobunempilo.
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