Ngaba nawe uyaphulukana nokulinganisela kwakho xa uhamba kwaye ufumana ubunzima bokushukumisa amehlo akho? Isenokuba yiPSP (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy)!

Ngaba uzifumana ulahlekelwa yibhalansi yakho kwaye uwe ngalo lonke ixesha uhamba? Okanye ngaba ukufumanisa kunzima ukulawula amehlo akho xa uzama ukujonga ezantsi? Mhlawumbi ukhe wabona umntu omaziyo enale ngxaki. Ezi zisenokuba zezinye zeempawu zokuqala zesifo esingaqhelekanga esibizwa ngokuba yiPSP, okanye iProgressive Supranuclear Palsy, esiza kuthetha ngaso namhlanje. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha.

Yintoni i-PSP (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy)? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba siyintoni esi sifo esinegama elide elithi PSP (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy). Ngamafutshane, sisifo semithambo-luvo esiqhubekayo esonakalisa iindawo zobuchopho bethu. Sinokuchaphazela izinto ezifana nendlela ohamba ngayo, indlela ocinga ngayo, indlela oginya ngayo, kunye nendlela oshukumisa ngayo amehlo akho. Sikwanawo namanye amagama, kuquka neSteele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome.

Ngoku khangela, kulula ukuba uyawaqonda amanye amagama akwigama.

• "Ukuqhubeka" kuthetha, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, ukuba ezi mpawu ziya zisiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Isizathu soku kukuncipha kancinci kancinci kweeseli zobuchopho (imeko yokuwohloka kwemithambo-luvo).
• Amagama athi "Supranuclear" kunye nelithi "Palsy" adityanisiwe ukuchaza imeko echaphazela intshukumo yamehlo. Igama elithi "Supranuclear" lithetha ukuba umonakalo ungaphezulu kweenuclei ezikwingqondo ezilawula intshukumo yamehlo. Igama elithi "Palsy" lithetha ukuba izihlunu zibuthathaka okanye zinobunzima bokuzisebenzisa.

Khumbula, i-PSP ngamanye amaxesha inokubhidaniswa nesifo sikaParkinson, ingakumbi kwizigaba zokuqala zesi sifo. Oogqirha bayibiza le "atypical parkinsonian syndrome" okanye "Parkinson-plus disorder." Oku kuthetha ukuba nangona ineempawu ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson, yimeko eyahlukileyo neyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi. Kodwa khumbula, i-PSP ikhula ngokukhawuleza kunesifo sikaParkinson.

Esi sifo sibonakala kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-60 ubudala. Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba umntu ongaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 abe naso.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-PSP (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy)?

Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili, okanye iiphenotypes, ze-PSP. Nangona zonke ezi ntlobo zineempawu ezifanayo, kukho umahluko omncinci. Ezona ntlobo zimbini zixhaphakileyo zezi:

1. Isifo sikaRichardson

2. Uhlobo olufana nesifo sikaParkinson (uhlobo olufana ne-PD - PSP-P)

Ezi ntlobo zimbini zimele malunga ne-75% yezigulana ze-PSP.

Umntu one- Richardson syndrome unokufumana uninzi lwezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Iingxaki zokuhamba kunye nokulinganisela.
• Ukungaqhelekanga ekuthetheni (intetho engacacanga, utshintsho kwilizwi).
• Iingxaki ngenkumbulo kunye nobuchule bokucinga.
• Ubunzima bokulawula iintshukumo zamehlo (ingakumbi xa ujonge ezantsi).
• Inkangeleko yobuso ngokungathi ujonge phambili ngamehlo abanzi.

Abantu abane -Parkinson's disease-like variant (PSP-P) baneempawu ezifana neze-Richardson syndrome, kodwa zifana kakhulu nesifo sikaParkinson. Uphawu oluphambili kukungcangcazela (ukungcangcazela okubangelwa kukubhityana kwemisipha okunganyanzelekanga). Ukungcangcazela kuyabonakala ngakumbi kuneengxaki zokulinganisela kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha. I-PSP-P isabela ngakumbi kumayeza okulwa ne-Parkinsonian kunezinye iintlobo ze-PSP.

Ezinye iintlobo ezimbini ezingaqhelekanga zezi:

• Isifo seCorticobasal.
• Ukuqandisa okucocekileyo kwe-akinesia kunye nokuhamba (ubunzima bokuhamba nokuqandisa ngelixa uhamba).

Ingaba i-PSP (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy) sisifo esiqhelekileyo?

Hayi, i-PSP yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngabantu abahlanu kuphela kwikhulu lamawaka abanale meko. Ngumntu omnye kuphela kwikhulu lamawaka osandul’ ukufunyanwa esi sifo minyaka le. Ngoko ke ungabona ukuba oku kunqabile kangakanani.

Zithini iimpawu ze-PSP (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy)?

Iimpawu ze-PSP zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Zihlala ziqala kancinci kwaye kancinci kancinci ziba mandundu ngokuhamba kweminyaka.

Iimpawu zokuqala eziqhelekileyo zinokuba zezi:

• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi xa uhamba okanye unyuka izinyuko. Oku kunokubangela ukuwa rhoqo, ingakumbi umqolo.
• Ubunzima bokujonga phantsi ngamehlo.
• Inkangeleko yobuso ngokungathi ujonge phambili ngamehlo abanzi.

Ezinye iimpawu ezinokubonwa ziquka:

• Ubunzima bokuginya ukutya nokusela.
• Ukuqina kwemisipha kwenza kube nzima ukushukumisa umzimba (ukuhamba).
• Ubunzima bokuthetha. Ilizwi lisenokuba licotha kwaye lingaqondakali. Kusenokuba nzima nokubiza amagama.
• Utshintsho kwimo yengqondo: ukudakumba, ukungakhathali, ukucaphuka.
• Utshintsho kubuntu.
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha: ukwenza izinto ngokungakhathali, ukungakwazi ukukhetha okulungileyo kokubi.
• I-Dementia (ukwehla kancinci kancinci kwenkumbulo kunye nobukrelekrele).
• Ukungalali.
• Ingxaki yokuziphatha yokulala ye-REM (RBD) (ukukhala nokujika kwamalungu omzimba ngexesha lamaphupha).
• Uvelwano ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo (photophobia).

Yintoni ebangela i-PSP (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy)?

Izazinzulu azikayazi kakuhle into ebangela i-PSP. Nangona kunjalo,Kufunyenwe ukuba kukho iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-"tau" ebandakanyeka koku. I-Tau yiproteni ebaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yengqondo yethu. Yile proteni ekhusela ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo lweeseli zobuchopho (ii-neurons).

Ukuba une-PSP, ezi protein ze-tau engqondweni yakho ziyahlangana kwaye zenze ii-aggregates. Ezi protein ze-tau zenzakalisa iiseli zengqondo. Abaphandi bacebisa izizathu ezininzi ezinokubangela oku:

• Utshintsho olungaqhelekanga lwezakhi zofuzo.
• Iiarhente ezisulelayo ezingaziwayo.
• Ikhemikhali engaziwayo efumaneka kwindawo esihlala kuyo (umoya, amanzi, ukutya) eyonakalisa kancinci kancinci ezinye iindawo ezibuthathaka zobuchopho.

I-PSP ayichaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Ichaphazela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo esi sifo, ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Ekugqibeleni, i-PSP isasazeka kuninzi lobuchopho. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, imeko idla ngokuchaphazela i-basal ganglia kunye ne-brainstem.

Ingqondo yakho inoxanduva lwemisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo, njengokuginya kunye nokuma. I-basal ganglia ikwakunceda ukuba ugcine ukuma, ushukumise amehlo akho, ucinge, kwaye ulawule iimvakalelo zakho.

Ngaba i-PSP (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy) ifuzwa njengelifa?

Hayi, i-PSP ayifumaneki lula. Ukuba une-PSP, umngcipheko wokuba amanye amalungu osapho lwakho, kuquka abantakwenu nabantwana bakho, afumaneke uphantsi kakhulu. Ngoko ke akukho nto inokubangela ixhala.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-PSP (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy)?

Eyona nto iphambili ebangela umhlaza we-PSP kukukhula. Umngcipheko wakho womhlaza we-PSP uyanda xa uneminyaka engama-60 ubudala nangaphezulu. Le meko ixhaphake kancinci kumadoda kunakubafazi.

Zithini iingxaki ze-PSP (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy)?

Njengoko i-PSP iqhubeka, izigulana zihlala zilahlekelwa lulawulo lwezihlunu zomlomo, umphimbo, nolwimi.

Ukungakwazi ukulawula imisipha yomphimbo kunokwenza kube nzima ukuginya ukutya nokusela. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni kubekho ityhubhu yokutyisa ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba ukutya kungabambeki kwaye kuthintelwe ukuba nezifo zesifuba.

Abantu abaninzi abane-PSP banengxaki yokusebenza kwamathumbu kunye nesinyi. Umzekelo:

• Ukuqhinwa.
• Ubunzima bokuchama.
• Ukuchama rhoqo ebusuku.
• Ukuhamba kwamathumbu ngokunganyanzelekanga (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba).
• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo.

Ifunyanwa njani i-PSP (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy)?

I-PSP inokuba nzima kancinci koogqirha ukuyixilonga ngokuchanekileyo. Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, inokubhidaniswa nesifo sikaParkinson, ingakumbi kwizigaba zokuqala.Okwangoku akukho vavanyo luthile olunokuxilonga i-PSP. Oogqirha badla ngokuxilonga isifo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho kunye novavanyo lwemifanekiso oluthatha imifanekiso yobuchopho bakho.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba une-PSP, mhlawumbi uya kuyalela ukuba uhlolwe ingqondo yakho nge-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) . Oku kunokuthintela ezinye iimeko ezinokubangela iimpawu zakho, ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson okanye istroke. Kwakhona, ukuba i-MRI ibonisa ukushwabana ebuchotsheni, kwandisa amathuba okuba une-PSP.

Ukuze uxilonge esi sifo ngokuchanekileyo, kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wezifo zengqondo ogxile kwisifo sikaParkinson kunye neengxaki zokunyakaza.

Nangona kukho iimpawu ezininzi ze-PSP, uphawu oluphambili oluqinisekisa ukuba esi sifo sinzima ukuhambisa amehlo phezulu nasezantsi. Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukuwa rhoqo kunye nobunzima bokuginya.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-PSP (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy)?

Ngelishwa, okwangoku akukho nyango okanye unyango lwe-PSP. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezinokukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zakho nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho.

Iindlela zonyango ziquka:

• Amayeza omlomo.
• Unyango lokushukuma.
• Unyango lwamehlo.
• I-Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) - ukondla ngetyhubhu efakwe esiswini.
• Ukhathalelo lwentlungu.

Kusenokubakho iimvavanyo zeklinikhi ze-PSP onokuthi uthabathe inxaxheba kuzo. Buza iqela lakho lezonyango ngezi zilingo.

Amayeza omlomo

Amayeza okulwa ne-Parkinsonian ngamanye amaxesha anokunceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-PSP. Anokunceda okwethutyana iimpawu ezifana neengxaki zokulinganisela, ukuqina kwemisipha, ukuhamba kancinci, kunye nokungcangcazela. Nangona kunjalo, azisebenzi ngokufanayo kuye wonke umntu. Amayeza aqhelekileyo e-PSP ngala:

• Levodopa (umz. Atamet®, Rytary®, Sinemet®).
• I-Levodopa ene-anticholinergic agents.
• I-Amantadine (umz. iSymmetrel®).

Amayeza okudakumba asetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukudakumba. Oogqirha banokukunika la mayeza ukukunceda ujongane neengxaki zempilo yengqondo ezibangelwa yi-PSP. Amayeza okudakumba aqhelekileyo anikwayo zezi:

• I-Fluoxetine (umz. iProzac®).
• I-Amitriptyline (umz. i-Elavil®).
• I-Imipramine (umz. iTofranil®).

Unyango lwengqondo (unyango lokuthetha) lukwayindlela elungileyo yokunceda kwiingxaki zempilo yengqondo nokuphila nesi sifo.

Unyango lokuhamba

Olu nyango lunokunceda ekunciphiseni ezinye zeempawu ze-PSP:

• Unyango lomzimba: Unyango lomzimba lunceda ukulawula izinto ezifana neentlungu, ukuqina, kunye nobunzima bokuhambahamba.
• Unyango lomsebenzi: Ingcali yonyango lomsebenzi ngumntu okuncedayo ukuphucula amandla akho okwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Bangakufundisa indlela yokuma, yokuhlala, yokuhambahamba, okanye ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukwenza umsebenzi wakho ngokukhuselekileyo.
• Unyango lokuthetha: Iingcali zonyango lwentetho zinceda abantu ukuba boyise ubunzima bokuthetha nokuginya.

Unyango lwamehlo

Olu nyango lunokunceda kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo zamehlo:

• Iinaliti zeBotox® (botulinum toxin): Ukuba unengxaki yokulawula iinkophe zakho, iinaliti zeBotox zinokuphumza izihlunu zeenkophe okwethutyana.
• Amaconsi amehlo kunye neenyembezi ezenziweyo: Ezi zinokunceda ekumanziseni amehlo akho ukuba amehlo akho omile ngenxa yokuncipha kokuthambisa amehlo.
• Iiglasi ezikhethekileyo: Iiglasi ezikhethekileyo ezineelensi zeprism zikunceda ubone izinto ezingaphantsi komgca wakho wokubona.
• Iiglasi ezijikeleza amehlo: Ukuba uvakalelwa kukukhanya okuqaqambileyo, ukunxiba iiglasi ezimnyama ezijikeleza amehlo akho, njengeeglasi zelanga, kunokukunceda.

I-Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG)

Xa i-PSP inzima, ungafikelela kwinqanaba apho ungakwazi ukuginya ukutya okanye isiselo. Oku kuthetha ukuba awuyi kukwazi ukutya okanye ukusela. Ngaphambi kokuba ufikelele kwelo nqanaba, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uhlolwe i-percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) .

Ngamafutshane, i-PEG yinkqubo apho ugqirha otyandayo efaka ityhubhu esiswini sakho. Ukutya kwakho, amayeza, kunye nolwelo kungena emzimbeni wakho ngale tyhubhu.

Ukhathalelo lwentlungu

Unyango oluthomalalisa iintlungu luhlobo olukhethekileyo lonyango olunika isiqabu kwiimpawu, intuthuzelo, kunye nenkxaso kubantu abaphila nezifo ezinzulu ezifana ne-PSP. Ayixhasi kuphela isigulana, kodwa ikwaxhasa nabanakekeli kunye nosapho lwabo.

Olu nyango longeza kunyango olufumana koogqirha bakho ukukunceda ulawule i-PSP yakho. Unyango lokudambisa iintlungu lubonelela ngenkxaso yezonyango, yentlalo, neyengqondo oyifunayo ukuze uphile kamnandi kwaye ukwazi ukumelana nesifo esinzulu.

Ithini i-prognosis ye-PSP (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy)? (I-prognosis)

Ingqikelelo ye-PSP ngokubanzi ayilunganga. Iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye okwangoku akukho nyango lokubuyisela okanye lokuyeka i-PSP. Nangona kunjalo, okukhona ufunyaniswa unesifo ngokukhawuleza kwaye uqala isicwangciso sonyango, kokukhona umgangatho wobomi bakho unokuba ngcono.

Abantu abaninzi abane-PSP ekugqibeleni bafuna isitulo esinamavili. Basenokufuna unyango lwexeshana okanye olupheleleyo kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemine yesifo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuyahluka kumntu nomntu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iingxaki ezivela kwi-PSP zinokuba yingozi ebomini.

Ingakanani iminyaka yobomi bomntu one-PSP (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy)?

Abantu abane-PSP badla ngokuphila iminyaka emithandathu ukuya kwesithoba emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba banayo le ngxaki, kodwa oku kunokwahluka.

Iimpawu ze-PSP zonyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-pneumonia, enokuba yingozi. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokufa phakathi kwabantu abane-PSP yi-aspiration pneumonia. Oku kwenzeka xa ukutya neziselo zingena ngengozi emiphungeni ngombhobho womoya kuba izihlunu zomqala zibuthathaka kwaye azilungelelani kakuhle.

Abantu abane-PSP nabo basengozini enkulu yokuwa. Ukuwa kunokukhokelela ekuphukeni kwamathambo nokwenzakala entloko. Ukuwa okubangela ukwenzakala okukhulu nako kuyimbangela eqhelekileyo yokufa phakathi kwabantu abane-PSP.

Ngaba i-PSP (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy) ingathintelwa?

Ngenxa yokuba abaphandi bengazi ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela i-PSP, okwangoku akukho ndlela yokuyithintela.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Kuya kufuneka ubone iqela lakho lezonyango rhoqo ukuze ujonge inkqubela phambili yeempawu zakho kwaye uqinisekise ukuba isicwangciso sakho sonyango sisebenza kakuhle.

Ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu ezikukhathazayo , fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Ukufumanisa ukuba une-PSP (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy) kunokuba nzima ukumelana nayo. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukunceda uphuhlise isicwangciso sokulawula iimpawu zakho. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana inkxaso oyifunayo kwaye uhlale ugxile kwimpilo yakho. Khumbula, iqela lakho lezonyango lihlala likhona ukukuxhasa wena nosapho lwakho.

Okokugqibela, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule

I-PSP yimeko enzima nengaqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuyiqonda, ukuqaphela iimpawu kwangethuba, kunye nokufumana iingcebiso zonyango ezifanelekileyo kunye nonyango.

• Qaphela iimpawu kwangethuba: Lumka izinto ezinje ngobunzima bokuhamba, ukulahleka kolungelelwano, kunye nobunzima bokujonga ezantsi.
• Funa ingcebiso kagqirha: Ukuba unamathandabuzo, bonana nogqirha wezifo zengqondo ukuze akuhlole.
• Qhubeka nonyango: Nangona esi sifo singenakunyangwa, kukho unyango lokulawula iimpawu nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.
• Cinga ngempilo yakho yengqondo: Kubalulekile ukuhlala uqinile engqondweni xa uphila kwimeko efana nale. Funa uncedo lonyango ukuba kuyimfuneko.
• Qaphela iinkonzo zokuxhasa: Unyango lomzimba, unyango lomsebenzi, unyango lokuthetha, kunye nonyango lokudambisa iintlungu nazo zinokukunceda.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo ujongene nale ngxaki, musa ukubandezeleka wedwa. Ngoncedo olufanelekileyo lwezonyango kunye nokhathalelo lwabantu obathandayo, ungajongana nale ngxaki.

I- PSP, i-Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, iSifo soBuchopho, iSifo se-Neurological, i-Parkinson's, iingxaki zokunyakaza, iBalance