Ngaba ukhe waba nengozi esifubeni sakho? Masifunde ngokudumba kwamaphaphu?

Ukuba ngequbuliso ubetheka esifubeni sakho, usenokungaziva ngathi kukho into enkulu eyenzekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, imiphunga ingonakala ngaphakathi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko enzima enokwenzeka ngexesha elinjalo, oko kukuthi ukudumba kwamaphaphu. Oku kunzulu kancinci, ngoko masiqaphele oku. Akukho nto yokoyika, ukwazi olu lwazi kuya kukunceda wena kunye nabantu obathandayo.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni ukudumba kwamaphaphu?

Khawuthelekelele, xa ubethelwa yibhola ekhawulezayo esandleni ngelixa udlala ikhilikithi, okanye xa ubethelwa kwenye indawo ngelixa ubaleka, ngamanye amaxesha loo ndawo ijika ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, idumbe, ize ikrweleke. Kwenzeka into efanayo nasemiphungeni. Ukudumba kwamaphaphu kukulimala kwemiphunga ngenxa yokubethwa kakhulu esifubeni, okanye ngokuthe ngqo, ukudumba okwenziwa ngaphakathi emiphungeni.

Oku kwenzeka ngolu hlobo. Xa ubetheka kakhulu esifubeni, imithambo yegazi emincinci engaphakathi kwemiphunga yonakele. Emva koko, igazi kunye nolunye ulwelo lomzimba luqala ukuvuza kuloo mithambo yegazi yonakeleyo ukuya kwizicubu zemiphunga. Kufana nokopha enxebeni, kodwa ngeli xesha kungaphakathi kwemiphunga. Oku kuqokelelana kwegazi kunye nolwelo kwenza kube nzima ukuba imiphunga isebenze kakuhle, oko kuthetha ukufunxa ioksijini kunye nokukhupha ikharbon diokside.

Le yimeko enzima kakhulu, kuba inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezisongela ubomi. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha begcina umntu okule meko kwigumbi lonyango olunzima (ICU) lesibhedlele baze bamjonge ngokusondeleyo.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Iimpawu zokudumba kwemiphunga zinokuvela ngoko nangoko, okanye zinokuvela kwiiyure okanye kwiintsuku emva kokwenzakala. Ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu azibalulekanga kangako ekuqaleni. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele oku xa unesilonda esifubeni.

Iimpawu eziphambili ezinokubonwa zezi:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukuziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo: Usenokuziva ngathi unengxaki yokuphefumla, okanye ngathi kufuneka usebenze nzima ukuze uphefumle.
• Ukukhwehlela: Kungaqala njengokukhwehlela okomileyo kuze kukhule kube kukukhwehlela okune-phlegm.
• Ukuphefumla: Isandi sokukhala xa uphefumla: Sivakala ngathi sisandi esiphantsi nesigqumayo esiphuma ngaphakathi esifubeni.
• I-Tachycardia: Intliziyo ibetha ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo.
• Ukukhohlela igazi: Olu luphawu olubi kakhulu. Ukuba ukhohlela nokuba ligazi elincinci nge-mucus yakho, musa ukulibetha ngoyaba.
• Intlungu yesifuba: Intlungu yesifuba, ingakumbi xa uphefumla, inokuba mandundu xa ukhohlela.
• Imivumbo ebonakalayo esifubeni: Indawo apho kwenzeke khona ingozi isenokuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye imivumbo isenokubonakala.

Ezi mpawu ziqala ngokukhohlela okuncinci kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla, kwaye kancinci kancinci zibe nzima ngakumbi. Ke ngoko, ukuba kukho ingozi esifubeni, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ezi mpawu.

Ivela njani le meko?

Eyona nto ibangela ukudumba kwemiphunga kukubethwa kakhulu okanye ingozi esifubeni. Oku kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini:

1. Ukulimala ngenxa yokungaqini: Oku kuthetha ukubetheka esifubeni ngento engabukhali. Umzekelo:

• Iingozi zezithuthi: Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo. Kwingozi xa ukhwele imoto, iveni, okanye inqwelo enamavili amathathu, isifuba sinokubetha ivili lokuqhuba, ideshibhodi, okanye isihlalo esiphambi komzimba. Nokuba unxibe ibhanti lesihlalo, ukuba ingozi imbi kakhulu, isifuba sinokonakala.
• Ukuwa usuka kwindawo ephakamileyo: Ukuba uwa kwindawo ephakamileyo, njengomthi, ileli, okanye isakhiwo, isifuba sakho sinokuwa phantsi okanye enye into.
• Iingozi zemidlalo: Kwimidlalo efana neragbi nebhola ekhatywayo, ukwenzakala esifubeni kunokubangelwa kukungqubana okanye ukuwa.
• Ukubethwa kabuhlungu: Ukubethwa kabuhlungu esifubeni ngexesha lokulwa okanye ngomnye umntu.
• Ukuqhuma: Igagasi lokuqhuma elidalwe kukuqhuma lingonakalisa imiphunga.

2. Ukulimala esifubeni: Oku kuthetha ukuba into ebukhali ingena eluswini ize ingene nzulu esifubeni. Umzekelo:

• Amanxeba okuhlatywa ngamanxeba abangelwa sisixhobo esibukhali, njengemela.
• Iimbumbulu.

Kolu hlobo lwengozi, imithambo yegazi ejikeleze imiphunga iyonakala, nto leyo ebangela ukuba igazi kunye nolwelo luqokelele kwizicubu zemiphunga.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu?

Enyanisweni, nabani na oye wenzakala esifubeni usengozini yokuhlaselwa yi-pulmonary embolism. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abancinci basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa ziingxaki ezinkulu ngenxa yesi simo.

Cinga nje, amathambo esifuba sabantwana abancinci awanamandla kakhulu, kwaye izifuba zabo ziguquguquka kakhulu. Ke ngoko, nokuba ufumana isibetho esincinci, impembelelo ingaya ngqo emiphungeni. Njengaxa ubetha ibhaluni egcwele amanzi, umothuko ungena wonke. Ekubeni ikheyiji yesifuba yabantu abadala inamandla kancinci, imiphunga ikhuselekile ngandlela thile. Kodwa abantwana abanalo olo hlobo. Ke ngoko, ukuba isifuba somntwana senzakele, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

Ukudumba kwemiphunga akuyonto ilula. Kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu, ezisongela ubomi. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Iingxaki eziphambili ezinokwenzeka zezi:

• Isifo semiphunga: Xa umphunga wonzakele, igazi kunye nolwelo ziyaqokelelana kuloo ndawo, nto leyo edala indawo elungileyo yokukhula kweentsholongwane. Oku kunokukhokelela kusulelo emiphungeni, olubizwa ngokuba yi-pneumonia.
• I-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Le yimeko embi kakhulu. Xa imiphunga yonakele kakhulu, ukuphefumla kuba nzima kakhulu ngequbuliso. Imiphunga ayikwazi ukufunxa ioksijini ngokufanelekileyo egazini. Oku kufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.
• I-Hypoxia: Ngamafutshane, ukunqongophala kweoksijini efikelela kwizicwili zomzimba. Le meko inokwenzeka xa imiphunga yonakele, nto leyo ethintela ukuba ioksijini ingatshintshiswa ngendlela efanelekileyo.
• I-Hypercapnia kunye ne-Respiratory Acidosis: Ezi ziimeko ezenzeka xa ubungakanani bekhabhoni diokside egazini busanda kakhulu. Oku kwenzeka xa imiphunga ingakwazi ukukhupha i-khabhoni diokside ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuze uphephe iingxaki ezinje, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo lwemiphunga ephukileyo nokulandela iingcebiso zonyango.

Oogqirha bayibona njani le nto?

Xa usiya esibhedlele ngenxa yokwenzakala esifubeni, oogqirha baza kuqala bakubuze malunga nendlela owenzeke ngayo loo ngozi kunye neempawu onazo. Emva koko, ukuze bafumanise ukuba unesifo sokudumba kwemiphunga, baza kuthatha imifanekiso ('imifanekiso') yemiphunga yakho. Iindlela eziphambili ezisetyenziswayo koku zezi:

• I-X-ray yesifuba: Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho na imivumbo okanye ulwelo oluqokeleleneyo emiphungeni.
• I-ultrasound yesifuba: Le yenye indlela esetyenziswayo ukujonga imeko yemiphunga.
• I-CT scan (`CT scan` - `Computed Tomography scan`): Oku kungathatha imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha ezingaphezulu kune-X-ray. Oku kunokunceda ukubona ukuba umonakalo owenziweyo emiphungeni ungakanani, ukuba inxeba likhulu kangakanani, njl.

Ngokusekelwe kulwazi oluvela kwezi mvavanyo, oogqirha baya kugqiba ukuba ngaba unemiphunga ephukileyo na kwaye iyingozi kangakanani.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Enyanisweni, akukho nyango luthile lokudumba. Kufana nokulinda ilungu elityumkileyo ukuba liphole lodwa. Nangona kunjalo, kuba oku kuyonakalisa imiphunga, oogqirha baya kukuphatha ukuze bakunyamekele kakuhle de kuphole, kuthintelwe iingxaki ezinokubakho, kwaye bakuncede uzive ukhululekile. Oku sikubiza ngokuba "lunyango oluxhasayo" .

Nazi ezinye zeendlela zonyango ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha koku:

• Unyango lweoksijini: Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla okanye amanqanaba eoksijini egazini aphantsi, uza kunikwa ioksijini.
• Ukunika amayeza okuthomalalisa iintlungu: Amayeza anikwa ukunciphisa iintlungu zesifuba. Xa iintlungu zinciphile, kuya kuba lula kuwe ukuphefumla nzulu nokukhohlela.
• Ucoceko lwemiphunga:Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Xa imiphunga yenzakele, i-mucus idla ngokuqokelelana ngaphakathi. Ukuba le mucus ayikhululwa, inokukhokelela kwiintsholongwane, ezifana ne-pneumonia. Ngoko ke, oogqirha kunye nabongikazi baya kukukhuthaza ukuba uphefumle nzulu kwaye ukhohlele kakhulu. Banokukunika isixhobo esincinci sokukunceda, okanye umongikazi uza kuza akuphulule emqolo ukuze akuncede ukhulule i-mucus.
• Ukukhupha amanzi: Ukuba ulwelo oluninzi luqokelelene emiphungeni kwaye lwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla, kunokufuneka kufakwe ityhubhu encinci ukuze kukhutshwe amanzi.
• Utyando lokulungisa umonakalo: Ukuba kukho umonakalo omkhulu emiphungeni okanye kwezinye iindawo zesifuba, kunokufuneka utyando lokulungisa umonakalo.
• Umoya ongeniswa ngoomatshini: Ukuba imeko yakho imbi kakhulu kangangokuba awukwazi ukuphefumla wedwa, kunokufuneka uqhagamshelwe kumatshini ukuze uphefumle. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa kwigumbi lonyango oluphezulu.

Konke oku kwenzelwa ukunceda umzimba wakho ngelixa imiphunga yakho iphola kancinci kancinci.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa?

Ukudumba kwemiphunga kudla ngokuthatha malunga neveki ukuphola. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bokudumba kwemiphunga, kunokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele ixesha elide. Abanye abantu banokufuna utyando ukuze kulungiswe umonakalo kwimiphunga okanye esifubeni sabo.

Malunga nama-20% abantu abanengxaki yokudumba kwemiphunga baya kuba ne-pneumonia. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ucoceko oluhle lwemiphunga, oko kuthetha ukukhohlela umhluzi nokuphefumla nzulu. Oogqirha bathi ukuba wenza ezi zinto, unganciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki.

Zithini iziphumo zexesha elide?

Nokuba emva kokuba ukudumba kwemiphunga kupholile, abanye abantu banokuba nomsebenzi ophantsi wemiphunga kangangeminyaka. Oku kunokubangela ubunzima bokuphefumla, ingakumbi xa bezilolonga. Ukongeza, ukudumba kwemiphunga (`(Fibrosis)`) ngamanye amaxesha kunokuvela emiphungeni. Oku kudumba kwemiphunga kunokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwemiphunga kwaye kunciphise ukusebenza kakuhle kokuphefumla.

Ingakanani izinga lokufa?

Kunzima ukutsho ngqo ukuba ukudumba kwamaphaphu kuyingozi kangakanani. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezinye iingozi zinokwenzeka xa kukho le meko. Nangona kunjalo, izifundo zibonise ukuba inokuba phakathi kwe-14% kunye ne-40% . Oku kubonisa ukuba le meko inokuba yingozi kangakanani. Yiyo loo nto unyango olukhawulezileyo lubaluleke kangaka.

Ngaba ingathintelwa?

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela ukudumba kwemiphunga kukuphepha ukwenzakala esifubeni. Kukho izinto sonke esinokuzenza ukunceda:

• Soloko unxibe ibhanti yesihlalo xa ukhwela imoto. Kungcono ukunxiba ibhanti yesihlalo kungekuphela nje emotweni, kodwa naxa ukhwela ngaphambili kwimoto enamavili amathathu ukuba kunokwenzeka. Kwakhona, xa uthutha abantwana abancinci ngezithuthi, sebenzisa izihlalo zeemoto zabantwana ezifanelekileyo kubo.
• Xa uqhuba, qhuba ngokukhuselekileyo nangononophelo.Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuthintela iingozi.
• Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela xa usebenza okanye udlala imidlalo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Umzekelo, abantu abasebenza kwishishini lokwakha kufuneka banxibe iimpahla zokuzikhusela ezigubungela isifuba.
• Cinga nangokhuseleko ekhaya. Lumka xa uphakamisa kwaye uphatha izinto ezinzima.

Nezinto ezilula ezifana nale zinokuthintela ingozi enkulu.

Ufanele ufune nini ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza? (Ufanele uye nini kwi-ER?)

Ukuba wenzakele esifubeni, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka (ER) ngokukhawuleza. Nokuba awuziva ntlungu ngelo xesha, kunokubakho umonakalo wangaphakathi. Ngoko ke, kungcono ukuya kugqirha.

Ngokukodwa, ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, fowunela i-1990 Suwaseriya Ambulance Service ngoko nangoko, okanye uye esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza:

• Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukuba ulusu lwakho, imilebe, okanye iinzipho zijika zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho awufumani ioksijini eyaneleyo).
• Ukuba nesiyezi (ukuba uziva unesiyezi).

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, musa ukuzityeshela. Okukhona ufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba akho okuphepha iingxaki ezinkulu nokuchacha ngokukhawuleza.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unale meko, kunokuba luncedo ukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Ndingazinyamekela njani emva kokuba ndibuyele ekhaya? (umz., loluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi endinokuwenza kwaye loluphi uhlobo endingafanele ndilwenze?)
• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndiziqaphele emva kokuba ndibuyele ekhaya? (Ndingaya kugqirha ngantoni?)
• Ndifanele ndibuye nini ukuza kubona ugqirha? (Idinga lokulandela)

Ukongeza kule mibuzo, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga namathandabuzo okanye uloyiko onalo.

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukudumba kwemiphunga yimeko yezonyango enobungozi kakhulu nebeka ubomi esichengeni. Xa ubetheke esifubeni okanye ubandakanyeka kwingozi yemoto, usenokungaboni inxeba elikhulu ngaphandle, kodwa usenokuba nomonakalo wangaphakathi ongenakuwubona.

Ngoko ke, ukuba uneengxaki zesifuba, kububulumko ukubona ugqirha uze uhlolwe, nokuba uzive uphilile ngelo xesha.

Ingakumbi ukuba uqala ukuba neempawu ezinzulu ezifana neentlungu zesifuba okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla, musa ukuzityeshela kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza. Ngale ndlela, oogqirha banokufumanisa ingxaki ngokukhawuleza, baqale unyango olufunayo, baze baphile ngaphandle kweengxaki ezinzulu. Baza kukujonga ngokusondeleyo baze bakuncede uzinzise imeko yakho ude uphile. Impilo yakho ixabisekile kuwe, ngoko ke yinyamekele!

Ukudumba kweMiphunga , ukudumba kweMiphunga, ukwenzakala esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukukhohlela, iintlungu esifubeni, iingozi zezithuthi