Ingaba kukho ihlwili legazi emiphungeni? Masifunde ngqo nge-Pulmonary Embolism (PE)!

Ngaba wakha wazifumana ngequbuliso unengxaki yokuphefumla kwaye uzive usoyika kancinci xa isifuba sakho sibuhlungu? Mhlawumbi ubucinga ukuba kukuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Kodwa ubusazi ukuba kunokubakho unobangela onzima ngakumbi wezi mpawu? Oko kukuqhekeka kwegazi emthanjeni wegazi okhokelela emiphungeni, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yiPulmonary Embolism (PE) . Oku akuqhelekanga njengoko unokucinga. Ke namhlanje, masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, ngendlela elula kakhulu.

Yintoni i-Pulmonary Embolism (PE)?

Ngamafutshane, i-pulmonary embolism yi-blood clot eyakheka kwimithambo yegazi emiphungeni yakho. Uyazi ukuba oku kwenzeka njani? I-blood clot eyakheka kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho, rhoqo kwi-venous emlenzeni okanye engalweni yakho , iyaqhekeka kwaye ihambe ngegazi lakho, ekugqibeleni ibambeke emiphungeni yakho. Cinga ngayo njengokuvaleka kwendlela yamanzi.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa igazi livaleka emiphungeni ngolu hlobo?

• Ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya emiphungeni kuthintelwe.
• Amanqanaba eoksijini emiphungeni ayancipha.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi luyanda kwimithambo yemiphunga.

Le yingxamiseko yezonyango . Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, i-pulmonary embolism inokubangela umonakalo entliziyweni okanye emiphungeni, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela ukufa. Enyanisweni, kuthiwa malunga ne-33% yabantu abane-pulmonary embolism bafa ngaphambi kokuba baxilongwe baze banyangwe. Ngoko ke ungabona ukuba oku kuyingozi kangakanani, akunjalo?

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isifo sifunyenwe kwaye sinyangwa ngokuchanekileyo nangokukhawuleza, le meko ayifane ibulale.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba oku kuxhaphake kangakanani (i-Pulmonary Embolism). Enyanisweni, esi sesinye sezifo eziqhelekileyo zentliziyo nemithambo yegazi ezibonwa kwihlabathi liphela. Enyanisweni, sisifo sesithathu esixhaphakileyo emva kokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nestroke. Cinga nje, kwilizwe elifana neMelika kuphela, malunga nabantu abangama-900,000 bafumana esi sifo (PE) minyaka le. Ngoko ke le asiyonto esifanele siyityeshele, akunjalo?

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-pulmonary embolism zihlala zi-complement complex kunye ne-heart pain . Le ntlungu inokuba mandundu xa uzilolonga okanye uphefumla nzulu.

Ukuba unezi mpawu, kufuneka ufune ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko. I-pulmonary embolism yimeko enzima, kodwa inokunyangeka kakuhle. Unyango lwangethuba lunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokufa.

Iimpawu ze-pulmonary embolism zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali be-blood clot. Abantu abaninzi baneempawu, kodwa abanye basenokungabi nazo kwaphela iimpawu.

Iimpawu eziphambili ezinokubonwa zezi:

• Ukuphefumla okukhawulezileyo - Oku kunokwenzeka nokuba uyasebenza okanye uphumle.
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuphefumla sisandi sokukhala xa uphefumla.
• Intlungu ebukhali engachazwanga esifubeni, engalweni, emqolo, egxalabeni, entanyeni, okanye emhlathini . Le ntlungu inokufana neempawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kwaye inokuba mandundu xa uphefumla.
• Ukukhohlela - kusenokuza ne-phlegm enegazi.
• Ulusu oluphaphathekileyo, ukubila, ulusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (iPulse).
• Ukubila okugqithisileyo.
• Kwezinye iimeko, kunokubakho ukungazinzi, isiyezi, ukuquleka, okanye ukuphelelwa zingqondo.

Umntu angaphila ixesha elingakanani nale nto ngaphandle kwempawu?

Abanye abantu baneempawu ezibuthathaka kakhulu ekuqaleni. Ezi mpawu zinokukhula kancinci kancinci emva kweentsuku okanye iiveki. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iimpawu ziyanda kancinci kancinci zize zifike engqondweni yakho. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye, iimpawu zinokuvela kwimizuzu, kwanemizuzwana, emva kwe-pulmonary embolism. Ngoko ke kufuneka uqaphele kakhulu ngale nto.

Zithini izizathu zoku?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba oku (i-Pulmonary Embolism) kwenzeka njani, oko kukuthi, ziziphi izizathu zoku. Isizathu esiphambili kukuqhekeka kwegazi okwenziwa emthanjeni kwenye indawo emzimbeni, ingakumbi emilenzeni okanye ezingalweni, kuqhekeke apho, kuhambe ngegazi kuze kubambeke emiphungeni. Xa ukuqhekeka kwegazi kwenzeka kwiindawo ezifana nemilenze, sikubiza ngokuba yi- (Deep Vein Thrombosis) okanye (DVT) .

Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili zokuba kwenzeke amahlwili egazi:

• Ukuqokelelwa okanye "ukuhlanganiswa" kwegazi kwindawo enye yomzimba (ngokuqhelekileyo ingalo okanye umlenze). Oku kwenzeka rhoqo emva kotyando, emva kokuhlala ixesha elide ebhedini, okanye emva kohambo olude (ngemoto, uloliwe, inqwelo-moya). Cinga ngako, xa uhleli kwindawo enye iiyure ezininzi, ukuhamba kwegazi emilenzeni yakho kuyavaleka kancinci, akunjalo? Kulapho umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi ukhula khona.
• Ukonakala komthambo wegazi, umzekelo, ngenxa yokuphuka okanye utyando (ingakumbi isinqe, idolo, okanye umlenze).
• Ezinye iimeko zempilo. Umzekelo, isifo sentliziyo – iimeko ezifana (nokusilela kwentliziyo), (i-Atrial fibrillation), ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye istroke.
• Utshintsho kwizinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi. Ezi zinto zibangela ukujiya kwegazi zinokunyuka kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, okanye kubantu abasebenzisa unyango lokutshintshwa kweehomoni, okanye kwabanye abantu abasebenzisa iipilisi zokulawula ukuzala. Kwakhona, abantu abaneengxaki zokujiya kwegazi basengozini.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa oku?

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba ngubani onokuthi afumane oku (i-Pulmonary Embolism), oko kukuthi, ngubani osengozini. Kukho imikhwa ethile, izifo ezithile, okanye iimeko ezithile eziyandisa le ngozi.

• Kwabo banegazi eliqhekekileyo emlenzeni, oko kukuthi, iDeep Vein Thrombosis (DVT).
• Kwabo bahlala ixesha elide bengasebenzi, njengaxa behamba ngemoto, ngololiwe, okanye ngenqwelomoya (umz., uhambo olude ngemoto oluya kwilizwe).
• Abo basandula ukwenzakala okanye ukonakala komthambo wegazi ngenxa yotyando, ukwaphuka, okanye imeko efana nemithambo yegazi erhabaxa.
• Abo basebenzisa iindlela zokulawula ukuzala ezisekelwe kwiihomoni (ezifana neepilisi zokulawula ukuzala, amaphetshi, iiringi) okanye unyango lokutshintsha iihomoni.
• Kubantu abanengxaki yokujiya kwegazi.
• Kwabo banembali yokuqhekeka kwegazi kusapho lwabo.
• Kwabo batshayayo ngoku.
• Kwabo baneDiabetes Mellitus.
• Kwabo banesifo somhlaza.
• Kwabo baneminyaka engaphezu kwama-60 ubudala.
• Kwabo banembali yokusilela kwentliziyo, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, okanye isifo sohlangothi.
• Kwabo bane-Body Mass Index (BMI) engaphezulu kwama-25 eminyaka, oko kukuthi, abatyebileyo, okanye abo bane-BMI engaphezulu kwama-30 eminyaka, oko kukuthi, abatyebileyo.
• Kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo okanye abo bangaphantsi kweeveki ezintandathu bebelekile.
• Kwabo bane-catheter yemithambo ephakathi efakwe ngomthambo engalweni okanye emlenzeni.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto zinobungozi, kwaye ukhe waba negazi eliqhekekileyo ngaphambili, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okunciphisa umngcipheko wakho we-PE.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

I-Pulmonary Embolism inokubangela iingxaki ezifana nezi:

• I-Cyanosis - Oku kukutshintsha kombala wesikhumba oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okubangelwa kukungabikho komoya-mpilo.
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
• Istroke.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwemiphunga - Oku kuthetha ukunyuka koxinzelelo kwimithambo yegazi yemiphunga.
• Umothuko.
• Ukufa kwezicubu zemiphunga - Oku kukufa kwezicubu zemiphunga.

Ezi ziimeko ezinzulu ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo lwe-PE.

Uyixilonga njani le nto?

Kulungile, ukuba uneempawu ezinje, ugqirha okanye umongikazi uyifumanisa njani i-pulmonary embolism? Bajonga iimpawu zakho, izinto ezikubangela umngcipheko, baze benze iimvavanyo ezimbalwa.

• Uvavanyo lwegazi - Phakathi kwezi , uvavanyo lwe-D-dimer lubalulekile.
• I-angiogram ye-CT eqikelelweyo - Le yi-CT scan ekhethekileyo ejonga amahlwili egazi kwimithambo yegazi yemiphunga.
• I-ultrasound yemilenze. - Oku kwenzelwa ukujonga i-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) emilenzeni. Kulapho ihlwili linokuthi liye emiphungeni.
• I-VQ scan - Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana izinto ezifunekayo kwi-CT scan, le scan inokubhaqa amahlwili egazi emiphungeni.
• I-pulse oximeter (i-pulse ox)- Isixhobo esiqhoboshela umnwe wakho kwaye silinganise amanqanaba eoksijini.
• I-Echocardiogram - Uvavanyo lwentliziyo nge-ultrasound.

Ukongeza koku, kunokwenziwa ezinye iimvavanyo:

• I-angiogram yemiphunga.
• I-X-ray yesifuba.

Indlela yokunyanga? (Unyango)

Le (Pulmonary Embolism) yingxamiseko yezonyango. Ihlala inyangwa esibhedlele. Imeko yakho ingajongwa ngokusondeleyo. Ubude bexesha ohlala ngalo esibhedlele buxhomekeke kubukhali behlwili legazi. Kukho amaxesha apho abanye abantu kusenokungafuneki bahlale esibhedlele.

Unyango oluphambili lwe-pulmonary embolism ngamayeza okunciphisa igazi abizwa ngokuba yi-anticoagulants .

Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali be-clot yegazi kunye nempembelelo yayo kwamanye amalungu omzimba, njengentliziyo yakho, unokunyangelwa ngonyango lwe-thrombolytic (unyango lokunyibilikisa i-blood clot), utyando, okanye ezinye iinkqubo zokungenelela ukuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi yemiphunga.

Amayeza okulwa nokugabha kwegazi

Kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango lunikwa njengemithi yokuthintela ukugabha kwegazi, oko kukuthi, imithi yokunciphisa igazi . La mayeza asebenza ngokunciphisa amandla egazi lakho okugabha igazi. Oku kuthintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi amatsha kwaye kuthintele amahlwili akhoyo ukuba abe makhulu.

Njengakweminye imithi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngqo ukuba ungayithatha njani kwaye nini le mithi (i-anticoagulant), kwaye ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha wakho. Uhlobo lwamayeza owanikwayo, ixesha olidingayo ukulithatha, kunye novavanyo olulandelayo ekufuneka ulwenze luya kuxhomekeka kwisifo sakho. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuya kugqirha wakho nakwilebhu yonke imihla. Ngale ndlela, banokubona indlela osabela ngayo kwiyeza. Ngelixa uthatha (i-anticoagulant), kuya kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo ( njengovavanyo lwexesha le-prothrombin ) ukuze ubone ukuba igazi lakho likhawuleza kangakanani ukuqhekeka.

Iikawusi zokucinezelwa

Ezi ziintlobo ezikhethekileyo zeekawusi. Ezi kawusi ziphucula ukujikeleza kwegazi emilenzeni. Usenokuba ubabonile abantu abane-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) besebenzisa ezi kawusi. Kufuneka uzisebenzise njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele. Ezi kawusi zihlala zifikelela emadolweni. Zinceda ukugcina imilenze yakho iqinile kwaye zithintele igazi ukuba lingadibani. Buza ugqirha wakho ngendlela yokusebenzisa ezi kawusi, ixesha elingakanani lokuzinxiba, kunye nendlela yokuzihlamba nokuzigcina zicocekile.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango (Iinkqubo)

Ukuba i-pulmonary embolism isongela ubomi, okanye ukuba ezinye iindlela zonyango azisebenzi, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando okanye i-catheter ukususa i-blood clot kwi-pulmonary artery. Unyango lwe-Thrombolytic lolunye ukhetho. Oku kubandakanya ukunika "amayeza anyibilikisa amahlwili egazi" . Umzekelo nguloIyeza elibizwa ngokuba yiTissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA). Eli yeza linikwa kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo okanye kwiYunithi yoKhathalelo oluNzulu (ICU) yesibhedlele kwaye lijongwa ngononophelo. Olu nyango lunokunikwa ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luphantsi okanye ukuba imeko yakho ayizinzanga ngenxa ye-pulmonary embolism.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa isihluzo se-vena cava . Olu luhlobo lwesihluzo esifakwa kumthambo omkhulu emzimbeni. Xa sifakwa, amahlwili egazi ayabanjwa kwesi sihluzo ngaphambi kokuba aye emiphungeni.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango

Ukopha igazi yenye yeziphumo eziphambili zamayeza asetyenziswa ukunyanga i-pulmonary embolism. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha bekunika idosi efanelekileyo ye-anticoagulant okanye i-thrombolytic yemeko yakho. Kulula kubo ukujonga imeko yakho ngelixa usesibhedlele.

Ndingaphila ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva konyango?

Uza kuqala ukuziva ungcono kwisithuba seveki emva kokuqala unyango. Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha iinyanga, kwaneminyaka, ukuba uphile ngokupheleleyo kwi-pulmonary embolism.

Kuba xa imithambo yegazi emiphungeni ivalekile, intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi. Kanye njengokuba umbhobho wamanzi uvalekile wenza injini ivakale ixinezelekile ngakumbi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, emva kwe-PE, kuthatha iinyanga ukuba elinye lamagumbi entliziyo libuyele esiqhelweni. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima kubo ukusebenza nzima njengoko babesenza ngaphambili.

Ngaba oku kungathintelwa? (Ukuthintela)

Ewe, unokunceda ekuthinteleni oku kakhulu. Ukuthintela i-pulmonary embolism, yenza ezi zinto:

• Zilolonge rhoqo. Ukuba awukwazi ukuhamba, shukumisa iingalo, imilenze, neenyawo zakho imizuzu embalwa ngeyure nganye. Ukuba uyazi ukuba uza kuhlala okanye ume ixesha elide, nxiba iisokisi zokucinezela ukuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi, kodwa nciphisa utywala kunye ne-caffeine.
• Musa ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba.
• Musa ukunqumla imilenze yakho.
• Musa ukunxiba impahla eqinileyo.
• Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni.
• Gcina imilenze yakho iphakanyisiwe malunga nemizuzu engama-30 kabini ngemini.
• Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokunciphisa izinto ezikubangela umngcipheko, ingakumbi ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba negazi eliqhekekileyo ngaphambili.
• Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga ne (Vena cava filter).

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba une-PE?

Ukuba ayinyangwa, i-pulmonary embolism yimeko enzulu kakhulu enokubangela ukukhubazeka okusisigxina okanye ukufa. Abanye abantu bafa kwangoko emva kwe-pulmonary embolism, okanye kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Oku kunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba ugqirha akwazi ukuyifumanisa le meko.

Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo okanye semiphunga, usengozini enkulu yokufa ngenxa ye-PE. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeendlela eziphuculweyo zokuthatha imifanekiso, i-pulmonary embolism ibulala kuphela kwi-1% ukuya kwi-3% yabantu.

Ngonyango, ikamva lakho lixhomekeke kubungakanani begazi eliqhekekileyo, ukuvaleka kwalo, impilo yakho iyonke, kunye nokuba intliziyo yakho ikwazi njani ukupompa igazi.

Ngaba i-PE iza kuphela ngokupheleleyo?

Kungathatha iinyanga, kwaneminyaka, ukuba i-pulmonary embolism iphele ngokupheleleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ii-PE eziphindaphindwayo zinokukhokelela kwimeko engapheliyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) .

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okunciphisa igazi kangangeenyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu, okanye nangaphezulu. Musa ukuyeka ukuwathatha de ugqirha wakho akuxelele ukuba wenjenjalo. Ngelixa uthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi, lumka kangangoko unako malunga nemisebenzi enokubangela ukuba wenzekele kwaye wophe.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nonyango lwakho olulandelayo kwaye ulandele iingcebiso zabo ukuze unciphise umngcipheko wokuba ne-PE enye. Banokucebisa izinto ezifana nokuyeka ukutshaya, ukwenza umthambo ngakumbi, kunye nokutshintsha indlela otya ngayo.

Yiya rhoqo kwidibano nogqirha kunye nelebhu ukuze ubone ukuba usabela njani kunyango oluchaziweyo.

Ukuba uziva uxhalabile okanye uyoyika emva kokwenza i-PE, cela ugqirha wakho ukuba athethe nomcebisi. Oko kuya kukunceda.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Bona ugqirha wakho ukuze ufumane amadinga okulandela. Xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba indle yakho imnyama, uneentloko ezibuhlungu kakhulu, okanye unesilonda esikhula xa uthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokopha ngaphakathi.

Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-Pulmonary Embolism (ekuthethwe ngayo ngaphambili), funa unyango ngokukhawuleza. Musa ukulibazisa.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Nantsi eminye imibuzo ongathanda ukuyibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yonyango kum?
• Kufuneka ndithathe amayeza owandinike wona ixesha elingakanani?
• Luza kuba nini uvavanyo lwam olulandelayo lokulandelela?

Emva kwe-pulmonary embolism, unokufumanisa ukuba ubomi bakho abusayi kuphinda bufane. Kubalulekile ukuyamkela loo nto. Abanye basenokungaqondi ukuba uyoyika ukuba kwenzeke kwakhona. Ngoko ke kunokuba luncedo ukuthetha ngoloyiko lwakho neqela lenkxaso okanye umcebisi. Yilwa noloyiko lwakho kwaye uqhubeke nokulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho, kuquka nokusela amayeza abakunika wona.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

I-Pulmonary Embolism inokwenzeka ngequbuliso,Yimeko embi kakhulu, mhlawumbi esongela ubomi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uyazibona iimpawu kwangethuba kwaye ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza, ungaphila ngokupheleleyo. Ke ngoko, ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla okanye iintlungu zesifuba, musa ukuzithatha lula. Bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwabo banezinto ezinobungozi ukuba bazame ukuzinciphisa. Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho!

` I-Pulmonary Embolism, i-PE, i-Lung Blood Clot, ukuPhefumla kancinci, iintlungu zesifuba, i-DVT, amahlwili egazi, amayeza okunciphisa igazi, ii-anticoagulants