Ngaba uyazi ngalo mkhuhlane ungaqhelekanga ovela kwizilwanyana zakho zasefama? (Q Fever) Masithethe!

Ngaba wakha weva ngesi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yi-Q Fever? Mhlawumbi akunjalo, akunjalo? Kuba esi asisosifo esibonakala rhoqo kwilizwe lethu. Kodwa, ingakumbi ukuba ungumntu osebenza nezilwanyana, izilwanyana zasefama, okanye uhlala kwindawo enjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele oku. Kweli nqaku namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni le Q fever, indlela eqala ngayo, zithini iimpawu, kunye nendlela esinokuzikhusela ngayo kuyo.

Yintoni i-Q Fever? Ngamafutshane...

Umkhuhlane we-Q sisifo esisifumana ngokuphefumla amasuntswana othuli aqulethe intsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi -`Coxiella burnetii` okanye ngokutya iimveliso ezivela kwizilwanyana ezinentsholongwane. Le ntsholongwane ifumaneka kakhulu kwimizimba yezilwanyana ezifana neegusha, iibhokhwe, neenkomo. Le ntsholongwane inokuqokelelana emhlabeni apho ezi zilwanyana zihlala khona. Emva koko ingadluliselwa ebantwini ngamasuntswana othuli akhutshwa kuloo mhlaba, okanye ngobisi, ilindle, ngakumbi ulwelo olukhutshwa ngexesha lokubeleka.

Kutheni ibizwa ngokuba yi-Q fever? Lithetha ukuthini igama?

Le yimbali engaqhelekanga. Unobumba u-'Q' kwi-Q fever umele 'Query' . U-'Query' uthetha 'umbuzo' okanye 'umbuzo'. Ngaphambili, e-Australia ngeminyaka yoo-1930 waza emva koko eMelika ngeminyaka yoo-1940, xa abantu baqala ukufumana lo mkhuhlane ungaqhelekanga, oogqirha ekuqaleni babengenakukwazi ukuqonda ukuba yintoni ebangela lo mkhuhlane. Ngoko ke babenemibuzo emininzi malunga nalo mkhuhlane. Yiyo loo nto wawubizwa ngokuba yi-'Query Fever' okanye i-Q fever. Kulula kakhulu, akunjalo?

Yintoni i-Q fever engapheliyo? Ingaba iyingozi?

Ewe, oku kuyaxhalabisa kancinci. Igama elithi 'chronic' lithetha ixesha elide . Ngoko ke, i-Q fever engapheliyo luhlobo olubi kakhulu noluhlala ixesha elide lwe-Q fever. Ingachaphazela intliziyo yakho, imithambo yegazi, amathambo , kunye nezinye izitho ezibalulekileyo. Esi simo esingapheliyo senzeka kwipesenti encinci kakhulu yabantu abosulelwe yi-C. burnetii bacteria, phakathi kwe -1% kunye ne-5% .

Ingxaki enye ngale nto kukuba le meko ingapheliyo inokuvela kwiinyanga okanye kwiminyaka emva kokuba iimpawu zokuqala zomkhuhlane we-Q ziphelile. Abanye abantu basenokungabonakalisi zimpawu ngexesha losulelo lokuqala kodwa kamva babe nomkhuhlane we-Q ongapheliyo. Eyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo yomkhuhlane we-Q ongapheliyo kusulelo lwentluko yentliziyo. Oogqirha bayibiza ngokuba yi-"endocarditis". Le yingxaki enokuba yingozi ebomini.

U: Kwenzeka ntoni xa ufumana umkhuhlane?

Umkhuhlane we-Q unokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezona mpawu ziqhelekileyo zezomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, njengomkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zomzimba . Ibhaktheriya ethi `C. burnetii` inokosulela imiphunga yakho, intliziyo, ingqondo, amathambo, okanye ezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho. Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokufanelekileyo. Abanye abantu badinwa kakhulu.kunye nezinye iimpawu zinokuhlala iinyanga, kwaneminyaka. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, umkhuhlane we-Q ongapheliyo unokuba yingozi ebomini.

Ngubani onokuthi abe nomkhuhlane we-Q?

Umkhuhlane we-Q uchaphazela kakhulu abantu abahlala kwiifama okanye abasondelelene kakhulu nezilwanyana zasefama . Umzekelo, ukuba ungugqirha wezilwanyana, umntu onceda ekuzalweni kwamathole, umntu osebenza efama, kwifama, okanye kwindawo yokuxhela, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana esi sifo. Oku kungenxa yokuba aba bantu badla ngokudibana nezilwanyana ezineentsholongwane kunye nendawo abahlala kuyo.

U: Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokugula kakhulu ngenxa yomkhuhlane?

Abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okuba nezifo ezinzulu ngenxa yomkhuhlane we-Q, ingakumbi:

• Abafazi abakhulelweyo basengozini enkulu yokufumana iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokukhulelwa kwesisu.
• Usengozini enkulu yokuba nomkhuhlane we-Q ongapheliyo ukuba unezi meko zilandelayo:
• Ukuba ukhe waba ne-`(Endocarditis)` (ukudumba kwengaphakathi lentliziyo).
• Ukuba kukho iingxaki ngeevalvu zentliziyo.
• Ukuba une-aneurysms (ukubuthathaka nokudumba kweendonga zemithambo yegazi) kwimithambo yakho yegazi.
• Ukuba ukusebenza kwezintso akusebenzi kakuhle (Ukungakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle kwezintso).
• Ukuba unesixhobo esifakwe ngokusisigxina (i-vascular prosthesis) ukuqinisa imithambo yegazi nokuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi.
• Ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka (umzekelo, abo bane-HIV, abaguli abanomhlaza, abo basebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa umzimba).

UQ Ixhaphake kangakanani iflu?

Umkhuhlane we-Q sisifo esingaqhelekanga . Umzekelo, nakwilizwe elifana neMelika, zimalunga nama-200 kuphela iimeko ezixelwayo ngonyaka. Akuxelwa rhoqo naseSri Lanka. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba abo bakwiqela elisengozini baqaphele.

U Zithini iimpawu zomkhuhlane?

Iimpawu zomkhuhlane we-Q ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuqala (elibukhali) kunye nezinye iimeko ezinokwenzeka kamva.

Iimpawu zomkhuhlane we-Q obukhali

Ezi mpawu zihlala ziqala ukubonakala phakathi kweentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezingama-30 emva kokuba iintsholongwane zingene emzimbeni. Zidla ngokufana nezo zomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane.

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu
• Ukudinwa kakhulu nokudinwa
• Ukugodola
• Ukubila
• Iintlungu zomzimba, iintlungu zemisipha
• Uvakalelo emehlweni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-Photophobia)
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Urhudo
• Ukukhwehlela
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Intlungu yesisu
• Amabala abomvu phantsi kolusu (iPurpura)
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (i-Dyspnea)

Ngamanye amaxesha, lo mkhuhlane we-Q unokubangela izifo ezifana nosulelo lwemiphunga (i-Pneumonia), ukudumba kwengqondo okanye ii-membrane ezigubungela ingqondo (i-Encephalitis okanye i-Meningitis), okanye ukudumba kwesibindi (i-Hepatitis).

Iimpawu ze-Q fever fatigue syndrome (QFS)

Malunga nama-20% abantu abafumana umkhuhlane we-Q banokufumana ukudinwa kunye nezinye iimpawu ezihlala iinyanga, ngamanye amaxesha iminyaka, emva kokosuleleka okokuqala. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Q fever fatigue syndrome.

• Sindwe kakhulu
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukubila
• Intlungu yamalungu
• Intlungu yemisipha

Iimpawu zomkhuhlane we-Q ongapheliyo

Umkhuhlane we-Q ongapheliyo uqala kwiinyanga, okanye iminyaka, emva kosulelo lokuqala lwebhaktheriya i-C. burnetii. Ingakhula nokuba awunazo iimpawu ngexesha losulelo lokuqala. Idla ngokuchaphazela intliziyo, iivalvu zentliziyo, kunye nemithambo yegazi, kodwa iimpawu zingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinxalenye yomzimba echaphazelekileyo.

• Umkhuhlane ophantsi
• Ukubila ebusuku
• Ukuhla ukusinda
• Ukudinwa
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Ukudumba kwemilenze okanye iinyawo

U: Yintoni ebangela umkhuhlane?

Eyona nto ibangela umkhuhlane we-Q yintsholongwane iCoxiella burnetii . Le ntsholongwane ingaphila kwizilwanyana, ingakumbi iinkomo, iigusha, neebhokhwe, ngaphandle kokubonisa zimpawu. Ulwelo lomzimba lwezilwanyana ezinesi sifo (njengomchamo, ilindle, ubisi, kunye nolwelo lwe-amniotic) lunokungcolisa umhlaba abahlala kuwo. Abantu bosulelwa yile ntsholongwane ikakhulu ngokuphefumla amasuntswana othuli okanye umphunga wamanzi ovela kumhlaba ongcolisiweyo.

U Usasazeka njani umkhuhlane?

Eyona ndlela iphambili yokusasazeka komkhuhlane we-Q kukuphefumla uthuli okanye umphunga wamanzi ongcoliswe yintsholongwane ye-`C. burnetii` . Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlala okanye usebenza kwindawo apho kuhlala khona izilwanyana, ingakumbi izilwanyana zasefama. Ngenxa yokuba iintsholongwane ze-`C. burnetii` zinokuhamba umgama othile emoyeni, akufuneki udibane ngqo nezilwanyana ukuze uzifumane.

Ezinye iindlela, kodwa ezingaqhelekanga, ezisetyenziswayo xa umkhuhlane we-Q zi:

• Ukutya okanye ukusela iimveliso zobisi ezingagayiwanga (umz. ubisi, itshizi, i-ayisikhrim).
• Ukulunywa yikhalane enesifo .
• Ukusuka kumama okhulelweyo ukuya kumntwana wakhe ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye lokuzala .
• Ngokutofelwa igazi (oku kunqabile kakhulu).

Kubalulekile: Umkhuhlane we-Q awuqhelekanga ukuba udluliselwe komnye umntu uye komnye . Kukho iingxelo ezingaqhelekanga zokudluliselwa komntwana ngumama okhulelweyo.

U Ufunyaniswa njani umkhuhlane?

Ugqirha wakho uza kuxilonga umkhuhlane we-Q ngokubuza ngeempawu zakho , ahlolisise imbali yakho yezonyango , aze avavanye isampuli yegazi . Basenokubuza nokuba uhlala okanye usebenza nezilwanyana.

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-C. burnetii zingathatha iiveki ezininzi ukuba zibuye, ngoko ke ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba unomkhuhlane we-Q, unokuqalisa unyango ngaphandle kokulinda iziphumo zovavanyo.

Q Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo zomkhuhlane?

Ukuvavanya umkhuhlane we-Q, ugqirha wakho uza kuthatha isampuli yegazi lakho esebenzisa inaliti encinci. Le sampuli iza kuthunyelwa kwilabhoratri ukuze ikhangele iimpawu (ii-antibodies) zosulelo lwe-C. burnetii. Basenokuzama nokukhulisa iintsholongwane ze-C. burnetii kwisampuli yakho.

Kusenokufuneka ukuba unike iisampulu zegazi izihlandlo ezininzi kwixesha elithile ukuze ufumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo.

U Unyango lomkhuhlane lunjani ?

Umkhuhlane we-Q obukhali unyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane . Umkhuhlane we-Q ongapheliyo udla ngonyangwa ngokudibanisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye namayeza okulwa nokuvuvukala, kodwa kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukuwunyanga. Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza isicwangciso esithile sonyango ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho.

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-Q fever kwaye uneengxaki zevalve yentliziyo okanye zemithambo yegazi esele zikhona, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nonyango lwakwangoko ukuze unciphise umngcipheko wakho we-Q fever engapheliyo.

Ngawaphi amayeza/unyango olusetyenziswayo?

Ugqirha angakunika amayeza alandelayo:

• `( I-Doxycycline ( I-Doxycycline) ) `
• `(I-Hydroxychloroquine)`
• `(I-Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX))`
• `(Rifampin)`
• `(IiFluoroquinolones)` (umz. `(I-Ciprofloxacin)`, `(I-Ofloxacin)`)
• `(I-Clarithromycin)`

U Ngaba umkhuhlane unganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ewe, uninzi lwabantu lunokuchacha ngokupheleleyo kwi-acute Q fever ngee-antibiotics. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba bambalwa abantu abafumana i-acute Q fever, iimpawu zinokuhlala iinyanga okanye iminyaka, nokuba zinyangwa. I-Q fever engapheliyo inzima kancinci ukuyinyanga.

Ndingawunciphisa njani umngcipheko wokuba nomkhuhlane we-Q?

Kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho we-Q fever:

• Nxiba imaski kunye neeglavu xa uphatha ulwelo lomzimba lwesilwanyana, ingakumbi olo lukhutshwa ngexesha lokubeleka .
• Kuphephe ukutya okanye ukusela iimveliso zobisi ezingagayiwanga zifakwe iintsholongwane .
• Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukuhlolwa nokunyangwa kweengxaki zevalvu yentliziyo kubantu abafunyaniswe benomkhuhlane we-Q kunokuthintela umkhuhlane we-Q ongapheliyo.
• Ukuba usebenza emsebenzini onobungozi obukhulu kwaye uhlala kwindawo apho kufumaneka khona iyeza lokugonya umkhuhlane we-Q (okwangoku lifumaneka e-Australia kuphela), buza ugqirha wakho malunga nokugonywa.

Ukuba uhlala okanye usebenza nezilwanyana zasefama, kwaye usengozini enkulu yokufumana iingxaki ezivela kumkhuhlane we-Q (umz., abantu abaneengxaki zevalvu yentliziyo okanye imithambo yegazi, abafazi abakhulelweyo, abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka), thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela yokuthintela umkhuhlane we-Q.

Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele ukuba ndinomkhuhlane we-Q?

Iimpawu ze-Q fever zinokuhlala ixesha elide , ukusuka kwiintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-90 . Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu luyaphila ngokupheleleyo . Ukuba unikwe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kuya kufuneka uwathathe ubuncinane iiveki ezimbini. Malunga nomntu omnye kwabahlanu (20%) unokuba nemvakalelo yokudinwa (`(Q fever fatigue syndrome)`) ehlala iinyanga okanye iminyaka.

Inani elincinci kakhulu labantu (phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-5%), ingakumbi abo banezinye izifo ezingabonakaliyo, banokuba nomkhuhlane we-Q ongapheliyo. Ukuba unomkhuhlane we-Q ongapheliyo, unokufuna unyango kangangeenyanga ezili-18 nangaphezulu .

U Zithini iingxaki zomkhuhlane?

Iingxaki zinokwenzeka kwi-acute Q fever kunye ne-chronic Q fever. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zixhaphake kakhulu kwaye zihlala zinzima kwi-chronic Q fever. Iingxaki ziquka:

• Umthambo obuthathaka, ovuvukileyo (i-Aneurysm)
• I-Arterial fistula, imeko apho igazi lihamba ngendlela engafanelekanga
• I-Endocarditis
• Ukuvaleka kwemiphunga (i-Fibrosis)
• I-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Usulelo lweThambo (i-Osteomyelitis)
• Ukuphuma kwesisu
• Ubunzima obuphantsi bokuzalwa

U: Injani ikamva lomkhuhlane?

Ingqikelelo yokuba umntu uza kuba nomkhuhlane we-Q okhawulezileyo idla ngokuba ntle ukuba inyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Izinga lokufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane we-Q okhawulezileyo liphakathi kwe -0.5% kunye ne-1.5% . Abantu abafumana umkhuhlane we-Q ongapheliyo basengozini enkulu yeengxaki nokufa. Izinga lokufa ngenxa yomkhuhlane we-Q ongapheliyo liphakathi kwe -12% kunye ne-25% .

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-Q fever, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha onke amayeza owanikwe ngugqirha wakho ngexesha . Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba angazilawula njani iimpawu zakho kunye nokuba kukho iindlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko weempawu ezihlala ixesha elide okanye i-Q fever engapheliyo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba usebenza okanye uhlala neenkomo, iibhokhwe, okanye iigusha, kwaye ubonakalisa iimpawu zomkhuhlane we-Q, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza . Ukuba uneempawu zomkhuhlane we-Q ongapheliyo, kwaye ucinga ukuba usenokuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yibhaktheriya ye-`C. burnetii` ngaphambili (nokuba sele kudlule ixesha elide), xelela ugqirha wakho.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

• Ngaba kufuneka ndithathe amayeza kwangaphambili ukuze ndinciphise umngcipheko womkhuhlane we-Q ongapheliyo?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndiye kuvavanywa iingxaki zentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi?
• Ndingalithatha njani eli yeza?
• Ndingabuya nini ndize kukubona kwakhona?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukulawula iimpawu zam?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Nangona i-Q fever sisifo esingaqhelekanga, kubalulekile ukuba uyiqaphele kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okuzikhusela ukuba usebenza okanye uhlala kwindawo enobungozi obukhulu. Izinto ezilula ezifana nokunxiba imaski, iiglavu, kunye nokuphepha iimveliso zobisi ezingafakwanga iintsholongwane zinokwenza umahluko omkhulu, ingakumbi xa usebenza nezilwanyana zasefama .

Nangona umkhuhlane we-Q ongapheliyo uchaphazela inani elincinci labantu, unokubangela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi. Ngoko ke, ukuba ucinga ukuba unokuba nomkhuhlane we-Q, okanye ukuba uneengxaki ngawo, ungathandabuzi ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha . Ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngembali yakho yempilo kunye nembali yomsebenzi kuya kubanceda baqonde izinto ezikubangela umngcipheko kwaye babonelele ngonyango olungcono.

Umkhuhlane we- Q, iCoxiella burnetii, izifo ezinxulumene nezilwanyana, iimpawu zomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane we-Q ongapheliyo, impilo yefama, usulelo lweebhaktheriya