Sonke sihlaselwe kakhulu ngubhubhane we-COVID-19 kutshanje, akunjalo? Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 eyadlulayo, ngo-1918, ukuba nditsho kanye, kwakukho ubhubhane ofanayo owashukumisa ihlabathi? Yayiyi- "Spanish Flu ." Yasulela malunga nesithathu sabemi behlabathi yaza yabulala izigidi zabantu. Ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba yayiyiSpanish Flu, kutheni yayimbi kangaka, kwaye zeziphi izifundo esinokuzifunda kuyo.
Yintoni kanye kanye iSpanish Flu?
Ngamafutshane, umkhuhlane waseSpain ka-1918 wawungubhubhane wehlabathi obangelwe luhlobo lwentsholongwane yomkhuhlane. Waqala ngo-1918 kwaye wawunemijelo emithathu ephambili yosulelo - entwasahlobo, ekwindla, nasebusika. Igagasi lesibini, elenzeka ekwindla, lalilelona libulalayo . Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba igagasi lesine lisenokuba lenzeke ngeminyaka yoo-1920.
Okumangalisayo kukuba uninzi lwabantu ababhubhayo ngenxa yale bhubhane lwenzeka kubantu abaselula abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-40 ubudala, abadla ngokungaguli kakhulu yiflu. Nangona abantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abadala behlala besengozini enkulu yeflu, olu qhambuko lubone inani elikhulu labantu abaselula nabasempilweni besweleka. Izazinzulu zisazama ukufumanisa ukuba kutheni oku kwenzeke.
Yayimbi kangakanani le ntsholongwane?
Khawucinge nje, kuqikelelwa ukuba isinye kwisithathu sabemi behlabathi ngelo xesha, okanye abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-500 , bangenwa ngulo mkhuhlane.
Ngokuphathelele inani labantu ababhubhileyo, malunga nezigidi ezingama-50 zabantu babhubhile kwihlabathi liphela phakathi kowe-1918 nowe-1919. Ezinye iingcali zithi eli nani linokuba phezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 yezigidi. E-United States kuphela, malunga nabantu abangama-675,000 babhubhile. La manani odwa akunika umbono wokuba le meko imbi kangakanani.
Kutheni umkhuhlane waseSpain wawubulala kangaka?
Akukho sizathu sinye sale nto, kodwa zininzi. Makhe sijonge ezona zizathu ziphambili.
| Isizathu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Imozulu yemfazwe | Ngelo xesha, iMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuQala yayiqhubeka. Abantu babehlala kwiindawo ezixineneyo ezifana neenkampu zomkhosi neenqanawa. Oku kwabangela ukuba esi sifo sisasazeke ngokukhawuleza. Kwakhona, oorhulumente kumazwe baluthintela ulwazi ngesi sifo, besoyika ukuba imfazwe yayiza kubatyhafisa abantu. |
| Izibonelelo zempilo ezinqongopheleyo | Oogqirha abaninzi kunye nabahlengikazi babengekho emfazweni. Kwakungekho magumbi okunyamekela abagula kakhulu (ii-ICU) okanye ii-ventilators ezifana nathi namhlanje. Kwakungekho mayeza okulwa neentsholongwane okunyanga intsholongwane yomkhuhlane. Enyanisweni , oogqirha ngelo xesha babengazi nokuba umkhuhlane ubangelwa yintsholongwane. |
| Umonakalo wemiphunga | Le ntsholongwane yachaphazela imiphunga ngokuthe ngqo, yayenza yachaphazeleka lula kusulelo lwebhaktiriya. Ekubeni kwakungekho mayeza okubulala ezo bhaktiriya njenganamhlanje, abantu abaninzi bafa ngenxa yosulelo lwesibini lwebhaktiriya. |
| Umsebenzi wenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela | Esinye sezizathu zokuba abantu abaselula bafe ngakumbi kucingelwa ukuba amajoni abo omzimba asabela ngokugqithisileyo kule ntsholongwane intsha. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-cytokine storm . Oku kuthetha ukuba amasosha omzimba amele ukulwa nale ntsholongwane aphelelwa ngamandla, onakalise kungekuphela nje intsholongwane kodwa neeseli zayo zemiphunga ezisempilweni. Kufana nokuba umkhosi wawo uyazihlasela. |
Yayiziziphi iimpawu zalo mkhuhlane?
Iimpawu abantu abazibona ngo-1918 zazifana kancinci nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo esiwufumanayo namhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zazidla ngokuba nzima kakhulu.
- Ngequbuliso, ngamanye amaxesha umkhuhlane ophezulu.
- Ukukhohlela okomileyo .
- Intloko ebuhlungu kunye nomzimba obuhlungu .
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
- Umqala obuhkungu.
- Ukungcangcazela nokuziva ubanda.
- Ukubanda.
- Ukutya akunancasa .
- Ubuthathaka obukhulu.
- Ukudinwa kakhulu.
- Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kolusu, imilebe, okanye iinzipho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -cyanosis . Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho oxygen yaneleyo egazini.
- Ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi .
- Ukopha ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
Kutheni ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Spanish Flu'? Ngaba yaqala eSpain ngokwenene?
Le yingcamango ephosakeleyo abantu abaninzi abanayo. Lo mkhuhlane wabizwa ngokuba yi "Spanish flu" kungekhona kuba waqala eSpain. Enyanisweni, kukholelwa ukuba amatyala okuqala axelwe kwisiseko somkhosi waseMelika.
Kutheni ke ngoko eli gama lavela? Isizathu sale nto yiMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuQala. Amazwe afana neMelika, iBritane, neFransi, awayebandakanyeke emfazweni, awazange anike ulwazi kumajelo eendaba malunga nokusasazeka kwalo bhubhane kumazwe awo. Babesoyika ukuba oku kuya kunciphisa umoya womkhosi nabantu.
Kodwa iSpain yayingabandakanyekanga kwimfazwe ngelo xesha. Ngoko ke amajelo eendaba elizwe labo abika ngesi sifo ngokukhululekileyo. Lonke ihlabathi laqala ukufunda ngeenkcukacha ngesi sifo kumaphephandaba aseSpain. Ngoko ke, abantu babecinga ukuba esi sisifo esaqala eSpain. Yiyo loo nto igama elithi "Spanish flu" lahlala likho.
I-World Health Organisation (WHO) ngoku icebisa ukuba kuphetshwe ukubiza izifo ngamagama amazwe okanye imimandla yejografi, kuba oko kunokubangela ibala elingafanelekanga kwelo lizwe okanye kubantu balo.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi komkhuhlane waseSpain kunye ne-COVID-19?
Zombini ezi zifo zobhubhane zibangelwe ziintsholongwane ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Ubhubhane ka-1918 ubangelwe yintsholongwane ye-influenza A (H1N1) . Ubhubhane we-COVID-19, owaqala ngasekupheleni kuka-2019, ubangelwe yi-coronavirus entsha. Kodwa kuzo zombini iimeko, imizimba yabantu yayingenawo amandla okulwa nezi ntsholongwane.
Kwakhona, kuzo zombini ezi zifo zobhubhane, abasemagunyeni bezempilo bathathe amanyathelo afanayo ukulawula ukusasazeka kwesi sifo.
- Ukuvalwa kwezikolo.
- Ukuthintelwa kweendibano zikawonke-wonke.
- Ukwenza kube yimfuneko ukunxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifana neemaski zobuso.
- Ukuvalelwa bodwa kwezigulane kunye nabantu abanxulumene nazo.
Kanye njengokuba besizibonile ezi zinto ngexesha le-COVID-19, amazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela azisebenzisa ngo-1918.
Zeziphi izifundo esizifundileyo kubhubhane we-1918?
Ubhubhane womkhuhlane waseSpain ka-1918 usifundise izifundo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Ngenxa yezo zifundo, sasikulungele ngandlela ithile ukujongana nobhubhane we-COVID-19.
Namhlanje, sinezinto ezininzi esasingenazo ngo-1918. Iigonyo zokuthintela umkhuhlane, amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane okunyanga esi sifo ukuba siyenzeka, kunye neeyunithi zokhathalelo oluphezulu (ii-ICU) zokunyanga abo bagula kakhulu.Sinazo ezo zibonelelo namhlanje.
Olu bhubhane lukwasikhumbuza ukuba abantu bayo nayiphi na iminyaka nempilo banokugula kakhulu ngexesha lobhubhane. Ke ngoko, ngokulandela iingcebiso zamagosa ezempilo karhulumente, asinakuzikhusela thina kuphela, kodwa neentsapho zethu, abamelwane, kunye noluntu luphela.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ubhubhane womkhuhlane waseSpain ka-1918 wabangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-influenza A (H1N1). Uthathwa njengowona bhubhane umbi kwimbali yehlabathi.
- Izigidi zabantu zafa ngenxa yeMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuQala, ukunqongophala kwezibonelelo zempilo, kunye nohlobo lwentsholongwane.
- Igama elithi "Spanish Flu" alifanelekanga. Oku kungenxa yokuba, ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwexesha lemfazwe, yiSpain kuphela eyabika ngokukhululekileyo ngesi sifo.
- Izifundo ezifunyenwe kubhubhane we-1918 (umz., iimaski zobuso, umgama phakathi kwabantu) zibe luncedo kakhulu ekulawuleni ubhubhane we-COVID-19.
- Nangona sinee-vaccine, amayeza, kunye nezibonelelo zonyango ezingcono namhlanje, umngcipheko wezifo ezinjalo kwixesha elizayo awukapheli kuba iintsholongwane zihlala zitshintsha. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iingcebiso zempilo rhoqo.
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