Uphefumla uphuma ungena ngoku, akunjalo? Kwenzeka singazi, ngoko asicingi kakhulu ngayo. Kodwa le nto imangalisayo yenzeka njani ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu ngaphandle kokuma umzuzwana? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenkqubo ephezulu emizimbeni yethu esinceda senze oku, inkqubo yokuphefumla. Oku kufana nenjini enika ubomi emizimbeni yethu. Masizame ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo le njini ngendlela elula.
Yintoni le nkqubo yokuphefumla?
Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yokuphefumla yingqokelela yamalungu omzimba kunye nezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho ezikunceda uphefumle. Oku kuquka imiphunga yakho, impumlo, umlomo, kunye neetyhubhu ezizidibanisayo (iindlela zomoya). Ayipheleli apho, kodwa nezihlunu ezixhasa le nkqubo, imithambo yegazi, kunye neembambo ezikhusela konke oku nazo ziyinxalenye yale nkqubo. Zonke ezi zinto zisebenza kunye ukuze zifumane ioksijini esiyidingayo xa siphefumla kwaye zikhuphe ikharbon dioxide esingayidingiyo xa siphefumla.
Zeziphi iinkonzo eziphambili esizinikwa yinkqubo yokuphefumla?
Umsebenzi ophambili wale nkqubo kukungenisa ioksijini efunekayo kwiiseli zomzimba wethu nokukhupha ikharbon diokside eveliswa njengenkunkuma. Kodwa ukongeza koko, le nkqubo ikwasebenza nomnye umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Masibone ukuba yintoni.
| Umsebenzi owenziwayo | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukufudumeza nokufumisa umoya | Umoya esiwuphefumlayo ufudunyezwa ukuze ulingane nobushushu bomzimba wethu. Kwakhona ufumisa loo moya ukuya kwinqanaba lokufuma elifunekayo emzimbeni wethu. |
| Ukukhusela umzimba | Ithintela izinto ezinobungozi ezifana neentsholongwane kunye namasuntswana othuli angena emzimbeni xa siphefumla. Ukuba izinto ezinjalo ziyangena, ikwanceda ekuzikhupheni ngokukhohlela okanye ukuthimla. |
| Ukuvumela ukuba uthethe | Xa sithetha, umoya ovela emiphungeni yethu ubetha imicu yelizwi emqaleni wethu. Oko kungcangcazela kuko okuvelisa isandi. |
| Ukunceda ngevumba | Xa siphefumla, amasuntswana evumba emoyeni achukumisa umthambo wevumba ongaphezulu kwempumlo yethu. Loo mthambo uthumela umyalezo engqondweni, nto leyo esivumela ukuba sinuke into ethile. |
| Ukulawula ibhalansi ye-acid-base yomzimba | Ukuba ikhabhoni diokside egazini lethu iyanda, iasidi yegazi iyanda. Ngoko ke, le nkqubo inceda ekususeni ikhabhoni diokside engafunekiyo kwaye igcine i-pH yegazi lethu kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo. |
Ziziphi iindawo zenkqubo yethu yokuphefumla?
Iqhawe eliphambili lale nkqubo yimiphunga yethu. Kodwa ukuze senze lo msebenzi ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka sisebenze kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi. Masibone ukuba zeziphi.
| Isitho somzimba / inxalenye yaso | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Impumlo kunye nomngxuma wempumlo | Umnyango ophambili apho umoya ungena khona emzimbeni. |
| Umlomo kunye nomlomo | Umnyango wesibini wokungena komoya. |
| IiSinuses | Imingxuma engenanto ngasemva kwezidlele nasebunzini. Zinceda ekulawuleni ubushushu kunye nokufuma komoya. |
| Umphimbo (Pharynx) | Indlela umoya ophuma empumlweni nasemlonyeni ohamba ngayo uye emiphungeni. |
| Ibhokisi yelizwi (iLarynx) | Iintambo zelizwi ezisinceda sithethe zifumaneka apha. |
| I-Trachea | Umbhobho oyintloko othwala umoya ukusuka emqaleni ukuya emiphungeni. |
| Ibronchi | Iindlela zomoya ezinkulu ezahlula i-trachea zibe zimbini kwaye zithwala umoya ukuya emiphungeni. |
| Imiphunga | Iziko eliphambili lokutshintshiselana kweoksijini kunye nekhabhoni diokside. |
| I-Diaphragm | Izihlunu eziphantsi kwemiphunga zinceda ekulawuleni inkqubo yokuphefumla. |
Le nkqubo inokwahlulwa ibe ziinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili: indlela yokuphefumla ephezulu kunye nendlela yokuphefumla esezantsi . Iinxalenye ezifana nempumlo, ii-sinuses, kunye nomqala zezomoya ophezulu, ngelixa i-trachea, i-bronchi, kunye nemiphunga zezomoya osezantsi.
Isebenza njani le nkqubo? Ibali elimangalisayo!
Ioksijini ibalulekile kwiiseli emizimbeni yethu ukuze zivelise amandla. Xa la mandla eveliswa, ikhabhoni diokside iveliswa njengenkunkuma. Ukuba le khabhoni diokside iqokelelana kakhulu emzimbeni, iyingozi kuthi. Ngoko ke, umsebenzi ophambili wenkqubo yokuphefumla kukutshintshiselana ngezi gesi zimbini. Ukuze senze lo msebenzi, inkqubo yethu yokujikeleza kwegazi, oko kukuthi, intliziyo, igazi, kunye nemithambo yegazi, zisebenza kunye.
Khawuthelekelele ukuba amasuntswana eoksijini emoyeni esiwuphefumlayo afana nezigidi zabakhweli kwinqwelo-moya.
Xa uphefumla, i-diaphragm yakho iyehla. Oku kwandisa indawo esifubeni sakho, kwaye umoya (kunye nabakhweli abathwala ioksijini) utsalelwa emiphungeni yakho. Lo moya ungena ngempumlo okanye ngomlomo wakho, uhamba nge-trachea yakho, wehle nge-bronchi yakho, kwaye, njenge-runway yesikhululo seenqwelomoya, ungene kwiingxowa zomoya ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli emiphungeni yakho. Ezi zifana namasango esikhululo seenqwelomoya.
Kulapho ke kwenzeka khona umsebenzi wokwenyani. Abo bakhweli abaneoksijini batsibela kwimithambo yegazi emihle kakhulu (ii-capillaries) ezijikeleze ezi ngxowa zomoya. Kufana neteksi eza ithatha umkhweli osandul’ ukuphuma esangweni lesikhululo seenqwelo-moya. Le teksi ligazi lethu. Emva koko, eli gazi lineoksijini liya kuyo yonke iseli emzimbeni kwaye lisasaze ioksijini.
Kwenzeka ntoni ke kwi-carbon dioxide?
Emva kokuba iiseli zisebenzisa ioksijini ukwenza amandla, zivelisa i-carbon dioxide njengenkunkuma. Emva kokuba umkhweli weoksijini ehlile eteksini, umkhweli obizwa ngokuba yi-carbon dioxide ukhwela eteksini efanayo. Emva koko elo gazi libuyela emiphungeni, apho liphosa khona i-carbon dioxide kwiingxowa zomoya ezibizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli. Xa siphefumla, i-diaphragm iya phezulu, inciphisa indawo ngaphakathi esifubeni. Emva koko umoya uyaphuma emiphungeni, uthatha umkhweli we-carbon dioxide.
Ngexesha lale nkqubo, iinwele ezincinci (i-cilia) kunye ne-mucus kwindlela yethu yokuphefumla zihluza uthuli kunye neentsholongwane ezingenayo. Zisebenza njengeentshayelelo ezincinci ezitshayela izitalato.
Zeziphi izifo ezinokuchaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla?
Ngelishwa, zininzi iimeko ezinokuchaphazela le nkqubo ibalulekileyo. Ezi meko zinokubangelwa ziintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, iifungi, kunye nomsi nothuli emoyeni esiwuphefumlayo. Ezinye izifo zinokubangelwa zizinto zemfuza.
| Imeko yezonyango | Intshayelelo emfutshane |
|---|---|
| I-rhinitis ye-allergy | Iimeko ezifana ne-asthma ezibangelwa kukunganyamezelani nezinto ezifana ne-pollen, uthuli, kunye ne-dander yezilwanyana. |
| Izifo zokuphefumla ezingapheliyo | Izifo ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana ne-asthma, i-COPD (iSifo esingapheliyo seMiphunga), kunye ne-Cystic Fibrosis. |
| Izifo zokuphefumla | Izifo ezibangelwa kukungaphefumli ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane, kunye nezifo ezibangelwa kukungaphefumli ezikwinqanaba eliphantsi ezifana ne-pneumonia. |
| Ukudumba | Ukudumba kweendlela zomoya ngenxa yosulelo. Imizekelo: I-Bronchitis, i-Sinusitis. |
| Ukuvaleka kwemiphunga (isifo semiphunga esingaphakathi) | Izifo ezifana ne-Pulmonary Fibrosis zibangela amanxeba angapheliyo kunye nokuqina kwemiphunga. |
| Ukuvalwa kwendlela yomoya | Ukuvaleka kwendlela yomoya ngenxa yento yangaphandle, ithumba elinomhlaza okanye elingengomhlaza. |
Zeziphi iimpawu esifanele sizixhalabele?
Ukuba unengxaki kwinkqubo yakho yokuphefumla, unokufumana ezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukuphefumla okunzima (dyspnea)
- Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo
- Ukwenza isandi esithi 'cheese-cheese' xa uphefumla (uphefumula)
- Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukuxinana
- Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo
- Ukopha nge-mucus
- Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wemilebe, ulusu okanye iinzipho (i-cyanosis) - Le yimeko enzulu kakhulu kwaye ifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kufuneka uthunyelwe kwi-ETU (iYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo).
Siyigcina njani inkqubo yethu yokuphefumla isempilweni?
Sonke sifanele sizame ukugcina le nkqubo ibalulekileyo ubomi bethu bonke. Zimbalwa izinto ezilula esinokuzenza ukuze senze loo nto.
1. Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo. Ukutshaya icuba okanye i-vaping yeyona nto imbi kakhulu onokuyenza emiphungeni yakho. Oku kunokubangela izifo ezininzi ezinzulu, kuquka nomhlaza.
2. Kuphephe ukuphefumla izinto eziyingozi. Kuphephe umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu, iikhemikhali, kunye neendawo ezinothuli kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuba ujongene nezi zinto ngenxa yomsebenzi wakho, nxiba imaski efanelekileyo.
3. Sela amanzi amaninzi. Xa usela amanzi afunekayo imini yonke, i-mucus emiphungeni yakho iba ncinci kwaye inokuphuma lula.
4. Zilolonge rhoqo.Xa sisenza umthambo, izihlunu emiphungeni yethu ziyaqina, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokuphefumla kwethu kuyakhula.
5. Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane. Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo nangokucokisekileyo. Fumana imijovo yezifo zokuphefumla ezifana nomkhuhlane ngexesha.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Ukuba ukhohlela rhoqo, unengxaki yokuphefumla, iintlungu esifubeni, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga, nceda ubone ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.
Izifo ezininzi zokuphefumla, ukuba zifunyenwe kwangethuba, zinokulawulwa kwaye zinyangwe ngaphambi kokuba zibe nzima. Ngoko ke hlala unyamekela umzimba wakho.
Phefumla ngaphakathi. Phefumla ngaphandle. Le nkqubo ilula bubomi bethu. Isinceda sinuke, sithethe, sicule. Kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke, izisa ioksijini enika ubomi kwiiseli zethu. Ngoko ke nyamekela le nkqubo imangalisayo. Ukuba kukho ingxaki, funa ingcebiso kagqirha. Emva koko uya kukwazi ukuphefumla lula.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Inkqubo yethu yokuphefumla yinkqubo emangalisayo efumana ioksijini, eyimfuneko ebomini, kwaye ikhupha ikharbon dioxide engafunekiyo.
- Le yingqokelela entsonkothileyo yamalungu omzimba aqala empumlweni ukuya kwiindawo ezinzulu zemiphunga.
- Ukutshaya lolona tshaba lukhulu lwale nkqubo. Ngokuyiphepha, izifo ezininzi zinokuthintelwa.
- Indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukuzilolonga, ukusela amanzi amaninzi, ukuphepha ungcoliseko) kunokukhusela impilo yenkqubo yokuphefumla.
- Ungaze ungazihoyi iimpawu ezifana nokukhohlela okungapheliyo kunye nokuphefumla kancinci. Bonana nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.
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