Ingaba umntwana wakho wazalwa ngaphambi kwexesha? Masifunde ngesi sifo samehlo (i-Retinopathy of Prematurity - ROP)!

Ingaba umntwana wakho uzelwe ngaphambi kwexesha? Okanye utyebile kancinci? Ezi mveku ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba neengxaki zempilo ezincinci. Enye yazo yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yiRetinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), enengxaki yamehlo. Musa ukoyika xa usiva eli gama. Masithethe ngalo ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni le ngxaki yamehlo eyenzeka kwiintsana ezisandula ukuzalwa (i-Retinopathy of Prematurity - ROP)?

Ngamafutshane, i-ROP yimeko echaphazela amehlo abanye abantwana abazalwa ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-31 (ngaphambi kwexesha). Okwenzekayo koku kukuba imithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga yenzeka kwinxalenye yeliso lomntwana ebizwa ngokuba yi-retina . Cinga ngayo njengefilimu ekwikhamera. Xa ukukhanya kubetha elisweni, kuguqulwa kube ziimpawu zombane kwaye kuthunyelwe engqondweni yile retina. Ingqondo emva koko isebenzisa ezo zimpawu ukwenza imifanekiso ukuze siyibone. Ngoko ke, ukugcina le retina isempilweni kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntwana abone ihlabathi kakuhle.

Le mithambo yegazi emitsha nengaqhelekanga eyenzeka kwi-ROP idla ngokuba yingozi. Ayifuni naluphi na unyango olukhethekileyo, ijongwa nje ngoogqirha. Malunga ne-90% yeentsana ezine-ROP ziyaphila ngaphandle konyango kwaye ziphinde zibone kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha le meko inokuba mandundu ngakumbi kwaye isongele umbono womntwana. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, unyango olukhawulezileyo luyimfuneko ukuthintela umonakalo osisigxina kwiliso kunye nokulahlekelwa ngumbono. Ukuba ayinyangwa, iimeko ezinzima ze-ROP zinokukhokelela ekubeni yimfama.

Yiyo loo nto oogqirha becebisa ukuba abantwana abasemngciphekweni bahlolwe i-ROP kwangoko nje emva kokuba bezelwe. Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umntwana uneempawu ze-ROP na nokuba unyango luyafuneka na.

Ugqirha womntwana wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba umntwana wakho usemngciphekweni we-ROP kunye nokuba umzise nini umntwana wakho ukuze avavanywe. Ukuze unciphise umngcipheko womonakalo omkhulu ekuboneni komntwana wakho, kubalulekile ukulandela ishedyuli yovavanyo enikwa ngugqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-ROP?

Ukuba sijonga izibalo kwilizwe elifana ne-United States, malunga ne-14,000 ukuya kwi-16,000 yeentsana zikhula nge-ROP minyaka le. Kula, malunga ne-90% zine-ROP encinci kakhulu. Oko kukuthi, azidingi nyango. Nangona kunjalo, phakathi kwe-1,100 kunye ne-1,500 zikhula nge-ROP enzima efuna unyango. Ngenxa yoko, phakathi kweentsana ezingama-400 kunye nama-600 ziba ziimfama ngokusemthethweni minyaka le. Nangona izibalo ezichanekileyo kwilizwe lethu zinokwahluka, le yimeko efuna ingqalelo.

Zithini iimpawu zomntwana one-ROP?

Amaxesha amaninzi, usenokungakwazi ukubona uphawu olunjalo olukhulu ngokujonga nje umntwana wakho. Ingcali yamehlo kuphela komntu onokuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo i-ROP ngokuhlola amehlo omntwana wakho ngononophelo (ingakumbi indlela imithambo yegazi ekwi-retina eyakhiwe ngayo).

Kutheni le nto i-ROP yenzeka?

Eyona nto ibangela i-ROP kukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo eqhelekileyo yokwakheka kwemithambo yegazi kwi-retina yomntwana.

Cinga nje, imithambo yegazi kwi-retina yeliso iqala ukwakheka kancinci ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni. Le ayidalwanga ngokupheleleyo de umntwana azalwe. Ngoko ke, imithambo yegazi kwi-retina yeentsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha ayidalwanga ngokupheleleyo. Le mithambo yegazi iyaqhubeka ukwakheka emva kokuzalwa, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha inokwakheka ngendlela engaqhelekanga.

Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukutsho ngokuthe ngqo ukuba zeziphi iintsana eziza kuphuhlisa i-ROP, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba izinto ezithile ziyandisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-ROP.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko kwi-ROP?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela le meko:

• Ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kwexesha: Okukhona umntwana ezalwa kwangoko, kokukhona umngcipheko wokuba ne-ROP uphezulu.
• Ubunzima bokuzalwa obuyi-1,500 grams (malunga ne-1.5 kg, okanye malunga neekhilogram eziyi-3.3) okanye ngaphantsi.
• Isifo sokuphefumla esibizwa ngokuba yi-Respiratory distress syndrome: Ubunzima bokuphefumla emva kokuzalwa.
• Ukopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo (Intracranial hemorrhage).
• Iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo okanye ezinye iingxaki zempilo.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto ziyingozi, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uhlolwe amehlo ukuze ujonge iimpawu zeROP kwangoko nje ukuba umntwana wakho azalwe.

Zithini iingxaki zale meko?

Ukuba iimeko ezinzima ze-ROP azinyangwa, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -retinal detachment inokwenzeka. Oku kwenzeka xa i-retina yomntwana yahlukana nezicubu ezixhasayo ezijikelezileyo. I-retinal detachment inokubangela ukulahleka okukhulu kokubona okanye ubumfama. Esi sesona siphumo sibi kakhulu se-ROP.

Uyixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo i-ROP?

Iingcali ze-neonatologists kwiiyunithi zokhathalelo lweentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zihlala zichonga iintsana ezisengozini yokufumana i-ROP. Emva koko zithumela umntwana kugqirha wamehlo ukuze avavanywe ngakumbi.

Ngexesha lovavanyo (olubizwa ngokuba yi "screening"), ugqirha wamehlo usebenzisa amaconsi amehlo ukwandisa iris yomntwana aze akhangele iimpawu ze-ROP. Imifanekiso yedijithali ye-retina yomntwana nayo ingathathwa. Olu vavanyo lokuqala ludla ngokwenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezine ukuya kwezintandathu emva kokuzalwa.

Imigaqo yokuvavanya iintsana ze-ROP ingahluka ngokwamazwe ngamazwe. Kumazwe afana ne-United States, iintsana zihlala zihlolwa:

• Iintsana ezineeveki ezingama-30 zikhulelwe okanye ngaphantsi.
• Iintsana ezizelwe zinobunzima obuyi-1,500 grams (3.3 pounds) okanye ngaphantsi.
• Iintsana ezineminyaka ephezulu yokukhulelwa okanye ubunzima bokuzalwa, kodwa kukho nezinye izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko we-ROP.

Umntwana wakho usenokufuna uvavanyo olongezelelweyo rhoqo emva kweveki enye ukuya kwezintathu, okanye njengoko kucwangcisiwe ngugqirha wakho. Ingcali yamehlo yomntwana wakho iya kukuxelela ukuba olu vavanyo alusekho mfuneko xa imithambo yegazi kwi-retina yomntwana wakho ikhule ngokupheleleyo kwaye umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwe-retina uphelile.

Ukuba ugqirha wamehlo ufumanisa ukuba umntwana une-ROP, uza kuyihlela imeko ngokwenqanaba layo.

Zithini izigaba ze-ROP?

Ukuze kuchongwe ukuba i-ROP inzima kangakanani na kwaye ingaba kufuneka unyango na, iingcali zamehlo ziyihlulahlula ibe ngamanqanaba amahlanu. Inqanaba loku-1 lelona lilula, kwaye inqanaba lesi-5 lelona linzima.

• Amanqanaba 1 kunye nelesi-2: I-ROP encinci ukuya kwephakathi. Ezi zihlala zingcono ngaphandle konyango.
• Inqanaba lesi-3: Imeko ye-ROP enokufuna unyango ukuthintela umonakalo okanye ukuqhekeka kwe-retina.
• Inqanaba lesi-4: I-ROP ebukhali. Inxalenye ye-retina isenokuba ihlukanisiwe. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile.
• Inqanaba lesi-5: Uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-ROP. I-retina isenokuba ihlukane ngokupheleleyo. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile. Nokuba unyango lukhona, ukulahleka kokubona okanye ubumfama kunokwenzeka.

Ukongeza kwezi zigaba, ungava amanye amagama amabini:

• I-Aggressive ROP (i-Aggressive retinopathy yokwaluphala ngaphambi kwexesha): Olu luhlobo lwe-ROP oluba nzima ngokukhawuleza.
• Isifo esongezelelweyo: Olu luhlobo olubi lwe-ROP. Apha, imithambo yegazi kwi-retina ivulekile kwaye iyaxinezeleka.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-ROP?

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango lwe-ROP:

• Unyango nge-laser: Olu nyango lubandakanya ukuqondisa umqadi we-laser kwimiphetho engaphandle ye-retina yomntwana, okwenza kubekho ipateni yokutsha okuncinci. Oku kutsha kuyayekisa ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga. Unyango nge-laser lusebenza malunga ne-90% ekunyangeni i-ROP.
• Unyango lwe-Anti-VEGF: Oku kuquka ukufaka iyeza elisweni lomntwana. Eli yeza lithintela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga.

Ugqirha wamehlo womntwana wakho uza kuchaza izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zezi ndlela zonyango, kunye nesicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kumntwana wakho.

Ungakhathazeki, oogqirha basoloko bezama ukwenza okona kulungileyo kumntwana.

Ukuba i-retina yomntwana wakho ihlukanisiwe ngandlela ithile (oko kukuthi, ukuba i-ROP ikwinqanaba lesi-4 okanye lesi-5), umntwana wakho uya kufuna unyango olongezelelweyo. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa yingcali ye-retina. Umzekelo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando olubizwa ngokuba yi-vitrectomy .

Inyangwa nini i-ROP?

Ukuba umntwana wakho usemngciphekweni wokufumana ukuqhekeka kwe-retina, okanye ukuba sele efumene ukuqhekeka kwe-retina, uya kufuna unyango. Ingcali yamehlo yomntwana wakho iya kugqiba ixesha elifanelekileyo lonyango ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba le-ROP kunye nolwazi oluvela kuvavanyo.

Ngaba i-ROP ingathintelwa?

I-ROP ibangelwa kakhulu kukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha. Ke ngoko, nawaphi na amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha aya kunceda ekunciphiseni amathuba okuba umntwana wakho abe ne-ROP. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngexesha lokukhulelwa nokulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho.

Kodwa, kufuneka ukhumbule oku. Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba wenza konke okusemandleni akho, usenokungakwazi ukuthintela ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, ungazibeki ityala ngako. Ngenxa yonyango oluphambili kunye nobuchwepheshe banamhlanje, neentsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha zinokuphila ubomi obusempilweni nobonwabisayo.

Ngaba i-ROP iyaphela?

Uninzi lwexesha, i-ROP iba ​​ngcono ngokwayo ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo osisigxina kwi-retina okanye ekuboneni komntwana. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko ezinzima ze-ROP zifuna unyango ukuthintela iingxaki ezifana nokuqhekeka kwe-retina kunye nokulahleka kokubona.

Thetha nogqirha wamehlo womntwana wakho malunga nohlobo lonyango oluya kudingwa ngumntwana wakho kunye nendlela i-ROP eya kuyichaphazela ngayo indlela abona ngayo kwixesha elizayo.

Ndingamnyamekela njani umntwana wam?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza kukuthatha umntwana wakho aye kuzo zonke iindibano zokuhlolwa ezicetyiswe ngugqirha wamehlo womntwana wakho. Ezi mvavanyo zibalulekile ukuze kufunyanwe i-ROP kwangethuba kwaye kuqalwe unyango ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokonakala kombono ngokusisigxina.

Iintsana ezinyangelwe i-ROP ziya kufuna utyelelo olulandelayo ubomi bazo bonke. Ezi zibaluleke kakhulu ebuntwaneni. Ngexesha lotyelelo, ugqirha wamehlo womntwana uya kujonga iimpawu zokwakheka kwemithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga, nokuba sele kudlule iminyaka emva konyango oluphumeleleyo.

Iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha kwaye zingakhange zenze i-ROP zisadinga ukuvavanywa amehlo rhoqo. Oku kungenxa yokuba zisengozini enkulu yokufumana izifo ezithile zamehlo. Umzekelo:

• I-Amblyopia okanye iliso elivilaphayo
• I-Strabismus okanye amehlo anqamlezileyo
• I-Glaucoma

Buza ugqirha wamehlo womntwana wakho ukuba umntwana wakho kufuneka ahlolwe amehlo kangaphi, uze ulandele loo shedyuli ngokuchanekileyo.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha wakho?

Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi nge-ROP, ungabuza ingcali yamehlo yomntwana wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingaba umntwana wam usemngciphekweni wokufumana i-ROP?
• Umntwana wam kufuneka avavanyelwe i-ROP kangaphi?
• Umntwana wam angaludinga nini unyango?
• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yonyango?
• Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengxaki zonyango?
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo zokulandelela eziya kudingwa ngumntwana wam emva konyango?
• Injani imbono yomntwana wam?

Ukufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho uneengxaki zamehlo kunokuba ngumthombo woxinzelelo noloyiko. Ukufunda ukuba umntwana wakho une-ROP kunokuba luxinzelelo, kwaye kunokuba luxinzelelo ngakumbi ukuba umntwana wakho unezinye iingxaki zempilo. Khumbula, iqela lezonyango lomntwana wakho likho ukukunceda kuyo yonke inyathelo. Bhala phantsi imibuzo yakho uze uyizise kuyo yonke idinga. Fumana lonke ulwazi oludingayo ukuxhasa impilo yomntwana wakho kwezi nyanga zimbalwa zokuqala zibalulekileyo nangaphaya.

Ngamafutshane, umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya:

Kulungile, masiphinde sichaze amanqaku abalulekileyo koko sithethe ngako:

• I-ROP yimeko echaphazela kakhulu amehlo eentsana ezisandula kuzalwa.
• Uninzi lweentsana lune-ROP encinci kwaye luba ngcono ngaphandle konyango.
• Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, ukulahleka kombono kunokwenzeka, ngoko ke ukubonwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kubalulekile.
• Ungaze ulutyeshele uvavanyo lwe-ROP olucetyiswe ngoogqirha. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhusela umbono womntwana wakho.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba zonke iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha zihlolwe amehlo rhoqo , nokuba zine-ROP okanye azinayo.
• Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha womntwana wakho.

Sonke simnqwenelela umntwana wakho ikamva elisempilweni nelichumayo!

I- retinopathy yokukhulelwa ngaphambi kwexesha, i-ROP, iintsana ezingekafiki ixesha, iingxaki zamehlo, ukulahleka kokubona, ukhathalelo lweentsana ezisandula ukuzalwa, ugqirha wamehlo, unyango lwe-laser, unyango lwe-anti-VEGF, izifo zamehlo ebantwaneni