Ngaba wakha waba ne-allergy engaqhelekanga emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba uthathe iyeza? Isenokuba sisifo se-serum!

Ngaba wakha wasela iyeza waza emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, mhlawumbi iveki okanye ezimbini, ngequbuliso wabonakalisa iimpawu ezifana nokurhawuzelela, ukurhawuzelela kolusu, kunye nomkhuhlane? Ngelo xesha, sicinga, "Owu, kukho into eyenzekileyo kum." Mhlawumbi oku kukusabela okulibazisekileyo komzimba wakho kwiyeza olithathileyo. Kwizonyango, oku sikubiza ngokuba kukugula ngegazi. Ungakhathazeki, nantsi into esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje.

Yintoni isifo se-serum? Masiyiqonde ngokulula.

Ngamafutshane, isifo se-serum sisiphumo senkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba, inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba esikhusela kwizifo, kumayeza athile. Inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba iwabona la mayeza njengezinto zangaphandle (ezibizwa ngokuba zii-antigens) ezingena emizimbeni yethu. Ngoko ke, iqala ukusabela ngokuchasene nawo.

Le yindlela yokulibaziseka. Usenokungaziboni ezi mpawu kangangeveki ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu emva kokusebenzisa iyeza. Nangona kunjalo, wakuba ufumene le ndlela yokuzisabela, ukuba uphinda ulisebenzise eli yeza, iimpawu zingabonakala kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.

I-immune system yomzimba wethu ibandakanyeka njani koku? (Indlela yokugula kwe-serum)

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo apho amajoni ethu omzimba asabela ngayo kwinto ethile evela ngaphandle (siyibiza ngokuba yi-"Antigen"). Ezi sizibiza ngokuba yi-"Hypersensitivity Reactions". Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zezi. Isifo se-serum sisiphumo "sohlobo lwesithathu".

Khawucinge nje, kukho isebe lamapolisa emzimbeni wethu, eliyinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Xa isela (oko kukuthi, "i-antigen", umzekelo, into equlethwe kumayeza) livela ngaphandle, eli sebe lamapolisa liya kumbamba.

Kukho iintlobo ezine ze-hypersensitivity reactions:

• Uhlobo 1: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-allergy. Umzekelo, abanye abantu baqala ngequbuliso ukuba nee-hives kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla emva kokutya amandongomane okanye ukuhlatywa yinyosi. Oku kubangelwa zii-antibodies ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Immunoglobulin E (IgE). Ezi zibopha kwiiseli ze-mast emzimbeni wethu kwaye zikhuphe iikhemikhali ezifana ne-histamine. Imizekelo ibandakanya ii-allergy ezinzima ezifana ne-anaphylaxis kunye ne-allergy rhinitis ebangelwa ziincukuthu zothuli.

• Uhlobo 2: Kulapho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela ezinye zeeseli zethu. Ii-antibodies ezibandakanyekayo zibizwa ngokuba yi-immunoglobulin G (IgG) kunye ne-immunoglobulin M (IgM). I-IgG yeyona antibody ixhaphakileyo emzimbeni wethu esikhusela kwiintsholongwane. I-IgM yi-antibody yokuqala eyenziwa ngumzimba ukulwa nosulelo olutsha. I-anemia ye-hemolytic ebangelwa ngamayeza ngumzekelo woku.

• Uhlobo 3:Isifo segazi sikwesi sigaba. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba i-'(Antigen)' yangaphandle (umz., inxalenye yeyeza) idibana nee-antibodies zomzimba wethu '(IgG)' okanye '(IgM), zenze 'amahlwili' amancinci, oko kukuthi, ii-immune complexes '(Immune Complexes). La 'mahlwili' ahlala kwiithishu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wethu, okanye kwiindonga zemithambo yegazi. Kulapho ke iingxaki ziqala khona. Oku kunokubangela iimpawu kuwo wonke umzimba '(Systemic Reaction).'

• Uhlobo lwesi-4: Olu hlobo lokusabela alubangelwa zii-antibodies, kodwa luhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-T-lymphocytes okanye ii-T-cells, ezisebenza njengamajoni akhethekileyo kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela. Oku kwenzeka emva kwexeshana, emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Umzekelo, i-contact dermatitis, eyenzeka xa isinyithi esifana ne-nickel okanye isityalo esifana ne-poison ivy sichukumisa ulusu, ngumzekelo woku.

Ngoku uyaqonda ukuba yintoni isifo se-serum? Siyinxalenye yenkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha sisabela ngokugqithisileyo.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo se-serum?

Iimpawu zesifo se-serum zingahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye, kodwa kukho ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Ukungabi namdla ( ukuziva ungonwabanga, udiniwe, ungenabomi )
• Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba
• Iihives zifana nesinambuzane esikhulu .
• Ulusu olurhawuzelelayo
• Ifiva
• Intlungu yamalungu, ukudumba
• Ii -lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo - Ezi zinokuvakala entanyeni, emakhwapheni, nasemqolo.

Impawu enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zinokwenzeka ngaxeshanye.

Yintoni ebangela isifo se-serum?

Ukugula kwe-serum kubangelwa kakhulu ngamayeza athile kunye nonyango olune-antibodies (ingakumbi ezo zifunyenwe kwizilwanyana). Nalu uluhlu:

• Iiantibiotics: Amayeza anjenge-penicillin, i-sulfonamides, kunye ne-tetracyclines.
• Ii-Antivenom: Unyango lwezinto ezifana netyhefu yenyoka kunye netyhefu yesigcawu.
• Ezinye iipilisi zokulala kunye namayeza okuxhuzula (iiBarbiturates).
• Amayeza anjengeBupropion, asetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezinje ngokudakumba.
• Amayeza aqulethe iiproteni ezifunyenwe kwizilwanyana okanye kwizinambuzane.
• Ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal: Ezi ziyindlela ethile yonyango lwezifo ezifana nomhlaza kunye ne-arthritis.
• Ukuluma okanye ukulunywa zizilwanyana ezifana neenyosi, iinyosi, iingcongconi, kunye neenkowane.
• I-Streptokinase: Eli liyeza elinyibilikisa amahlwili egazi.
• Iigonyo: Ezinye iintlobo zezigonyo azinakubangela ukusabela okunjalo.

Olu luhlu aluphelelanga. Amanye amayeza amaninzi anokubangela isifo se-serum. Ngoko ke ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu ngelixa usela amayeza, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha.

Ziziphi izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokugula nge-serum?

Izinto eziqhelekileyo ezinokubangela isifo se-serum namhlanje zezi:

• Ii-antibiotics
• Ii-Antitoxins
• Iintsholongwane ze-antivenom
• Isitofu
• I-Streptokinase

Ingaba isifo se-serum siyenzeka nakubantu abadala?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Isifo se-serum sinokuchaphazela nabani na wanoma yiphi na iminyaka, ukususela kubantwana abancinci ukuya kubantu abadala.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

Ukudumba kwegazi emzimbeni akusoloko kuyinto embi kakhulu, kwaye iimpawu ziyaphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi ukuba azange zinyangwe okanye xa umntu efumana amayeza ixesha elide, iingxaki zinokubakho.

• Ukulimala kwezintso: Le yeyona ngozi iphambili.
• I-Vasculitis: Oku kuthetha ukudumba ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.
• Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo (i-Neuropathic): Oku kunokubangela ukungaziva mnandi kunye nentlungu emalungeni.
• Ukwehla ngequbuliso koxinzelelo lwegazi (Umothuko): Oku kuyinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu.

Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba isifo segazi sibangele imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-glomerulonephritis (GN). Oku kukonakalisa izihluzi zegazi ezincinci ezikwizintso (glomeruli).

Kubalulekile: Ukuba uneempawu zokungakwazi ukukhulelwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Oku kunokunceda ukuthintela iingxaki ezinje ngezi.

Uyazi njani ukuba unesifo se-serum?

Ukuba usela iyeza uze ufumane iimpawu ezifana nezo zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, kwiintsuku ezimbalwa okanye iiveki emva kokulisebenzisa, isenokuba sisifo segazi. Kodwa ukuze uqiniseke, kufuneka ubone ugqirha. Ugqirha uza kwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Buza ngembali yakho yezonyango.
• Baza kubuza malunga namayeza kunye neenaliti osandul’ ukuzisebenzisa. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kuya kunceda ekufumaneni unobangela.
• Kuza kwenziwa uvavanyo lomzimba, ingakumbi ukujonga ukudumba okanye ukuthamba kwee-lymph nodes.

Ukongeza, ezinye iimvavanyo zinokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokufumanisa ubunzulu bemeko.

Zithini iimvavanyo zokuxilonga?

Isifo segazi sidla ngokuchongwa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu kunye novavanyo lomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ezi zilingo zilandelayo zinokwenziwa:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Isampuli encinci yegazi ithathwa kumthambo osengalweni yakho ize ivavanywe kwilebhu. Oku kunokujonga izinto ezifana namanqanaba okudumba kunye namanqanaba e-antibody emzimbeni.
• I-biopsy yolusu: Ngamanye amaxesha, iqhekeza elincinci lesikhumba linokuthathwa kwisilonda sesikhumba lize lijongwe nge-microscope. Oku kunokujonga ukudumba kwimithambo yegazi kunye nokubakho kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-antibodies.
• Uvavanyo lomchamo: Isampuli yomchamo iya kuthathwa kuwe ize ivavanywe. Oku kuya kunceda ukujonga iimpawu zomonakalo wezintso kumchamo, njengoko isifo segazi sinokuchaphazela izintso.

Ngaba isifo se-serum singanyangeka? Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Ewe, isifo se-serum sisifo esinokunyangwa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu ziyaphela ngokwazo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango olunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokukhawulezisa ukuchacha:

• Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuyeka amayeza abangele isifo se-serum. Oku kufanele kwenziwe phantsi kwengcebiso kagqirha.
• IiCorticosteroids: Ezi zinciphisa ukudumba emzimbeni kunye nokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
• Ii-Antihistamines: Ezi zinciphisa iimpawu ze-allergy ezifana nokurhawuzelelwa kunye ne-hives.
• Amayeza angengowe-steroidal alwa nokuvuvukala (NSAIDs): La mayeza anceda ekunciphiseni umkhuhlane kunye nentlungu yamalungu. Umzekelo, i-ibuprofen.

Uchacha njani kule meko?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuchacha ngokukhawuleza kwisifo se-serum kukulandela unyango oluchazwe ngugqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo. Uninzi lwabantu luqala ukuziva lungcono kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuqala kweempawu.

Luhlobo luni lwekamva umntu onesifo se-serum anokuyilindela?

Impilo iyonke yomntu onesifo segazi idla ngokuba ntle. Uninzi lwabantu luyaphola ngokupheleleyo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphandle konyango. Nangona kunjalo, ukuchatshazelwa ixesha elide okanye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamayeza abangela isifo segazi kunokonakalisa izintso, okunokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuphepha amayeza abangela esi sifo.

Zithini iziphumo ezihlala ixesha elide zoku?

Ukugula ngegazi akusoloko kubangela iziphumo ezihlala ixesha elide. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi kakuhle ukuba zeziphi amayeza abangela le meko kuwe uze uwaphephe. ​​Oku kunokunceda ekuthinteleni iimeko ezinzulu ezifana nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.

Ngaba isifo se-serum singathintelwa?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo nekuphela kwayo yokuthintela isifo se-serum kukuphepha amayeza abangela ezi mpawu. Ukuba ukhe waba nempendulo efanayo kumayeza ngaphambili, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa ugqirha wakho kunye nayo nayiphi na ikhemesti oyisebenzisayo.

Ngawaphi amaxesha afanelekileyo okubonana nogqirha?

Ukuba uthatha iyeza okanye into efana ne-antiserum kwaye ubonakalise iimpawu zesifo se-serum kwiiveki ezimbalwa kamva, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Ugqirha uya kwenza uvavanyo olufunekayo aze akunike elinye iyeza elingayi kubangela esi sifo.

Imibuzo ebalulekileyo yokubuza ugqirha wakho

Xa usiya kugqirha, ungalibali ukubuza le mibuzo:

• "Gqirha, wazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ndinesifo segazi?"
• "Ukuba andinaso isifo se-serum, ingaba yintoni enye?"
• "Yeyiphi iyeza elibangela esi sifo segazi?"
• "Ngaba likho elinye iyeza endingalithatha endaweni yalelo lingenazo ezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?"
• "Ingaba esi sifo segazi sibangele umonakalo kwizintso zam?"

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweArthus Reaction kunye neSerum Sickness?

I-Arthus Reaction ikwayindlela yokusabela kwi-hypersensitivity yohlobo lwesithathu. Inokwenzeka nasemva kokugonywa okuthile okanye, ngamaxesha ambalwa, emva kokulunywa zizinambuzane ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-Arthus Reaction yindlela yokusabela eyenzeka kwindawo ethile. Ikwavela ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi kune-serum sickness, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiyure ezingama-24.

Ukugula kwe-serum kukuqala kade, impendulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela echaphazela umzimba wonke. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa ngamayeza, kwaye iimpawu zihlala zincinci.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Isifo segazi sisimo nje apho amajoni akho omzimba esabela ngokugqithisileyo kumayeza athile. Kunokuba yingxaki xa ungazi kakuhle ukuba zeziphi iimpawu okanye yintoni ebangela ukuba zibe njalo. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu azibonakali de kube ziiveki emva kokuthatha amayeza, usenokungacingi ukuba yinto ebangelwa liyeza.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu, ungoyiki ukubona ugqirha. Baza kwenza uvavanyo olufunekayo, bafumane unobangela, baze bakunike amayeza okukunceda uzive ungcono. Banokucebisa namayeza ahlukileyo angayi kubangela isifo segazi, ukuba kunokwenzeka. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi ukuba zeziphi amayeza abangela le mpendulo kwaye uziphephe. ​​Emva koko unokuhlala usempilweni.

isifo segazi, ii-allergies, ii-allergies zamachiza, amaqhuqhuva esikhumba, umkhuhlane, iintlungu zamalungu, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela