Ngaba wakha waba nenxeba okanye ithumba emzimbeni wakho elingapholiyo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa? Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga, "Owu, lithumba elincinci nje." Kodwa amanye amanxeba kunye nosulelo aluphili nokuba usebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane aqhelekileyo. Kwezo meko, unobangela usenokuba "yi-superbug" eyingozi ngakumbi kunebhaktiriya eqhelekileyo kwaye engabanjwa lula ngamayeza. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenye yebhaktiriya enjalo eye yasibangela inkxalabo enkulu kwihlabathi lezonyango. Yiyo leyo i-MRSA.
Kalula nje, yintoni i-MRSA?
Igama elithi MRSA lisenokuvakala liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci. Igama lalo elipheleleyo yi- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . Masiyigcine ilula.
- I-Staphylococcus aureus: Olu luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lweebhaktheriya ezihlala zingenabungozi eluswini lwethu, ngaphakathi kweempumlo zethu, nakwezinye iindawo. Siyibiza ngokuba yi-"Staph" bacteria ngamafutshane. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba le bhaktheriya ingena emzimbeni wethu, inokungena ngenxeba elincinci okanye inqunyulwe kwaye ibangele ithumba elincinci okanye ithumba. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zinokunyangwa ngokulula ngee-antibiotics ezimiselweyo.
- Ukuxhathisa iMethicillin: Nantsi ingxaki. I-'Methicillin' sisibulali-ntsholongwane esisetyenziswa kakhulu esikusapho lwe-'Penicillin'. Igama elithi "Resistant" lithetha 'ukuxhathisa.' Oko kukuthi, olu hlobo oluthile lwebhaktiriya yeStaph ebizwa ngokuba yiMRSA luphuhlise amandla okuxhathisa ii-antibiotics ezininzi, kuquka ne-'Methicillin.'
Ngamafutshane, i-MRSA luhlobo lwebhaktiriya ye-Staph enokukwazi "ukulwa nokuphumelela" kwiintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo. Kufana nokulwa notshaba nokwakha izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokuzikhusela kwizixhobo zalo. Oku kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukunyanga usulelo lwe-MRSA, njengoko zimbalwa kakhulu iziyobisi ezisebenzayo kulo.
I-MRSA lilungu elikhethekileyo losapho lwebhaktheriya i-Staph eliye lavelisa amandla anamandla okuxhathisa ii-antibiotics.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zosulelo lwe-MRSA:
Usulelo lwe-MRSA lwahlulwe lwaba ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ngokusekelwe kwindlela olunokudluliselwa ngayo kuthi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukukuqonda.
1. I-MRSA Efunyenwe Kwimpilo (HA-MRSA): Njengoko igama lisitsho, olu hlobo lusasazeka kwiindawo zonyango ezifana nezibhedlele, iikliniki, kunye namakhaya abantu abadala. Abantu abaye balala esibhedlele ixesha elide, abaye batyandwa, okanye abaye bafakwa umthambo emizimbeni yabo basengozini enkulu yokosulelwa lolu hlobo. Ngenxa yokuba amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane asetyenziswa rhoqo ezibhedlele, iintsholongwane apho zinokuba nokumelana nazo.
2.I-MRSA Efunyenwe Kuluntu (CA-MRSA): Olu lolona hlobo sifanele sikhathazeke ngalo kakhulu. Ayisasazeki esibhedlele, kodwa isasazeka kuluntu lwethu ngokubanzi. Ingasasazeka kwiindawo ezixineneyo ezifana nezikolo, iindawo zemidlalo (iigym, iindawo zokudlala), iziseko zomkhosi, izikolo zokuhlala. Nokuba umntu osempilweni unokuyifumana.
Zithini iimpawu zosulelo lwe-MRSA?
Iimpawu zosulelo lwe-MRSA zixhomekeke ekubeni luchaphazeleke phi emzimbeni. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinto zinokubonakala ngathi lusulelo oluqhelekileyo, kodwa zinokukhawuleza zibe yingozi.
| Indawo yosulelo | Iimpawu onokuzibona |
|---|---|
| Usulelo lwesikhumba kunye nezicubu ezithambileyo | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha luqala njengeqhubu elibomvu, elidumbileyo, nelibuhlungu , njengokulunywa sisigcawu . Lukhula kancinci kancinci lube yithumba elizaliswe bububovu. Ulusu olujikelezileyo lunokuba bomvu kwaye luvakale lushushu xa luchukunyiswa. |
| Usulelo lwemiphunga (i-Pneumonia) | Ukukhohlela okukhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumla, iintlungu zesifuba, umkhuhlane ophezulu, kunye nokudinwa. |
| Ukusasazeka kosulelo egazini (iBacteremia) | Le yimeko embi kakhulu. Njengoko iintsholongwane zingena egazini, iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane ophezulu, ukugodola, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi zinokubakho. |
| Usulelo lwamathambo namalungu (i-Osteomyelitis) | Ithambo okanye ilungu elosulelekileyo liya kuba neentlungu eziqatha, ukudumba, kunye nokubomvu, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuhambisa indawo echaphazelekayo. |
| Usulelo lwentliziyo (i-Endocarditis) | Usulelo olubangelwa yibhaktheriya kwinwebu yangaphakathi yentliziyo. Lunokubangela umkhuhlane, ubuthathaka, ubunzima bokuphefumla, kunye nesandi esingaqhelekanga sentliziyo (ukumbombozela). |
I-MRSA idluliselwa njani?
I-MRSA sisifo esosulelayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba sinokusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Abanye abantu banebhaktheriya ye-MRSA emizimbeni yabo (umzekelo, ngaphakathi kweempumlo zabo) kodwa ababonisi zimpawu. Sibabiza ngokuba "ngabathwali bekoloni." Nokuba abanazo naziphi na iimpawu, basenokusasaza le bhaktheriya kwabanye.
Nazi ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zokudluliselwa kwe-MRSA:
- Ukudibana ngqo: Ngokuchukumisa inxeba okanye ulusu lomntu onesifo.
- Ukuchukumisa iindawo ezingcolisiweyo: Iintsholongwane ze-MRSA zingaphila kwiindawo ezifana nezibambo zomnyango, iitafile, kunye neengubo zokulala kangangeeveki. Ungasuleleka ukuba uchukumisa indawo enjalo uze uchukumise impumlo okanye umlomo wakho ngesandla esifanayo.
- Ukwabelana ngezinto zobuqu: Ukwabelana ngezinto ezifana neetawuli, iireyiza, iimpahla, kunye nezixhobo zemidlalo nomntu osulelekileyo kunokusasaza isifo ngokulula. Khawuthelekelele iqela leragbi libelana ngeetawuli, kwaye ukuba umntu omnye unazo, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba nabanye nabo bosulelwe.
- Izixhobo zonyango ezingcolisiweyo: Usulelo lunokwenzeka ngezixhobo ezingacocwanga kakuhle okanye izixhobo ezifakelweyo (umz., umgca ophakathi wemithambo yegazi, ityhubhu yokuphefumla) ezibhedlele.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yi-MRSA?
Nangona nabani na enokufumana i-MRSA, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
| Iqela lomngcipheko | Isizathu |
|---|---|
| Abantu abafumana unyango esibhedlele | Abantu abasele belele esibhedlele ixesha elide, abo baye batyandwa, kunye nabo banezixhobo ezifana neetyhubhu ezifakwe emizimbeni yabo basengozini enkulu. |
| Abantu ababuthathaka kwi-immune system | Abantu abaneengxaki zempilo ezifana nesifo seswekile, isifo sezintso, i-HIV, okanye umhlaza banokusuleleka lula ngenxa yobuthathaka beenkqubo zomzimba zokuzikhusela. |
| Abantu abahlala ngamaqela | Umngcipheko uphezulu kwiindawo ezifana neenkampu zomkhosi, ii-dormitories, kunye neentolongo kuba abantu bahlala kufutshane kwaye kukho ithuba elikhulu lokwabelana ngezinto zabo. |
| Abantu ababandakanyeka kwimidlalo yokudibanisa | Kwimidlalo efana neragbi kunye nokulwa, umngcipheko wokosuleleka uphezulu ngenxa yokunxibelelana kwesikhumba, ukukrweleka, kunye nokwabelana ngezixhobo. |
| Abantu abafaka iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni | Kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokosuleleka yintsholongwane egazini ngenxa yokusetyenziswa rhoqo okanye ukwabelana ngeenaliti ezifanayo zenaliti. |
Oogqirha baxilonga baze banyange njani usulelo lwe-MRSA?
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-MRSA, ugqirha uza kuthatha isampuli kwindawo enesifo aze ayithumele kwilebhu ukuze ivavanywe. Le isenokuba yisampuli yobomvu obuvela enxebeni, isampuli yegazi, isampuli yomchamo, okanye isampuli ye-phlegm.
Ilebhu iya kukhulisa iintsholongwane ezikule sampulu ize iyihlole "iNkcubeko." Emva koko, baya kufumanisa ukuba zeziphi iintsholongwane ezisebenza kuloo ntsholongwane kwaye zeziphi ezingasebenziyo (Uvavanyo lokuNyuka kweAntibiotic). Kuphela emva kolu vavanyo apho kuqinisekiswa ukuba yi-MRSA kwaye kukhethwa iyeza elifanelekileyo.
Iindlela zonyango
Unyango lwe-MRSA luxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobunzima bosulelo.
- Kwizifo zolusu: Rhoqo, ukuba kukho ithumba elizaliswe bubovu, liyasikwa lize lisuswe ubovu (Ukusikwa kunye nokuHanjiswa kwamanzi). Ngamanye amaxesha oku kukodwa kunokulawula usulelo. Ukongeza, unokufuna ukusebenzisa iipilisi okanye amafutha okubulala iintsholongwane achazwe ngugqirha wakho.
- Kwizifo ezinzulu: Ukuba usulelo lusasazeke egazini, emiphungeni, okanye kwezinye izitho zangaphakathi, kunokufuneka ulaliswe esibhedlele kwaye unikwe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane (IV) . La ngamayeza anamandla kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokufuneka ukuba kunikwe iintlobo ezingaphezu kwesinye ze-antibiotic ngaxeshanye.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ungayeki ukuthatha ikhosi yokubulala iintsholongwane echazwe ngugqirha wakho nangasiphi na isizathu.Ukuba uyeka ukusebenzisa iyeza kuba uzive ungcono kancinci, iintsholongwane ezimbi kakhulu eziseleyo zinokukhula kwakhona zize zikwazi ukumelana neyeza.
Yintoni esifanele siyenze ukuze sihlale sikhuselekile kwi-MRSA?
Nangona i-MRSA iyingozi kakhulu, singenza lukhulu ukuzikhusela kuyo ngokugcina ucoceko lobuqu.
- Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20 . Qiniseka ukuba uhlamba izandla zakho emva kokuphuma, ngaphambi kokutya, nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Sebenzisa isicoci sezandla esisekelwe kutywala xa kungekho manzi.
- Gcina amanxeba egqunyiwe: Hlala ugcina nayiphi na imikrwelo okanye amanxeba emzimbeni wakho ecocekile kwaye uwagqume ngebhandishi ecocekileyo. Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo emva kokuba uchukumise inxeba.
- Musa ukwabelana ngezinto zakho zobuqu: Musa ukwabelana ngezinto ezifana neetawuli, iireyiza, iimpahla, kunye neebhari zesepha nabanye. Lumka kakhulu ngale nto ejimini nakwiindawo zokulala.
- Coca iindawo eziphathwa rhoqo: Coca iindawo eziphathwa rhoqo, ezifana nezibambo zomnyango, iiswitshi zokukhanyisa, iifowuni, kunye nezixhobo zemidlalo, ngesisombululo sokubulala iintsholongwane.
- Hlamba emva kokuzilolonga: Hlamba ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzilolonga ejimini okanye ukudlala imidlalo.
Ufika nini kugqirha? Ufika nini kwi-ETU?
Ayizizo zonke izilonda zesikhumba ezibizwa ngokuba yi-MRSA, kodwa kukho iimpawu ezithile ekufuneka sizixhalabise kakhulu.
Ukuba unenxeba okanye ithumba elingapholiyo, ingakumbi ukuba unesifo esinciphisa amasosha omzimba wakho, njengesifo seswekile, musa ukusityeshela. Qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho.
Yiya kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko (i-ETU) ngoko nangoko ukuba unezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu: Ukuba umkhuhlane ungaphezulu kwe-103°F (40°C).
- Inxeba libi kakhulu: Ukuba inxeba libangela intlungu ebuhlungu, linevumba elibi, okanye likhupha ulwelo oluluhlaza, olumthubi, okanye olumdaka.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla kunye nentlungu esifubeni.
- Ukwehla ngequbuliso koxinzelelo lwegazi: Ukuba uziva utyhafile, unesiyezi, okanye utyhafile.
- Ukudideka: Ukuba uziva unesizungu.
Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokuba usulelo lusasazeke emzimbeni wonke kwaye luqhubekela kwimeko eyingozi kakhulu ebizwa ngokuba yi-sepsis . Ngoko ke, ayingombono ulungileyo ukulibazisa ngexesha elinje.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-MRSA sisifo esiyingozi kakhulu sebhaktheriya esingamelaniyo nee-antibiotics eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, sinokunyangwa ngonyango olufanelekileyo .
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela koku kukuzigcina ucocekile . Ziqhelise ukuhlamba izandla zakho ngesepha rhoqo.
- Soloko ugcine amanxeba kunye nemikrwelo emzimbeni wakho icocekile kwaye igqunyiwe .
- Musa ukwabelana ngezinto zakho ezifana neetawuli kunye neerazors nabanye .
- Ukuba uneqhubu elibomvu, elibuhlungu, elingapholiyo okanye ukudumba eluswini lwakho, musa ukulibetha ngoyaba kwaye ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko .
- Gqibezela yonke ikhosi yee-antibiotics ezichazwe ngugqirha wakho. Musa ukuyeka phakathi.
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