Ngaba unalo elo bala lidala lokugonya esandleni sakho? (Inxeba lokugonya leSmallpox) Masifumane iinkcukacha!

Ngaba wakha wayibona inxeba elincinci, elingqukuva phezulu kwesandla sakho, okanye mhlawumbi ezandleni zabazali bakho okanye ootatomkhulu noomakhulu? Ixesha elininzi, libonakala ngathi ngumngxuma ombiwe eluswini ngaphantsi komphezulu. Abanye abantu bade balibize ngokuba "yinxeba le-smallpox." Yintoni kanye kanye le nxeba? Kutheni le nto isenzeka? Makhe sithethe ngayo ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje.

Yintoni iScar yeSitofu sokugonyelwa iSmallpox?

Ngamafutshane, isilonda sokugonyelwa i-smallpox sisilonda esincinci esishiyekileyo engalweni yakho emva kokuba ufumene inaliti ekukhusela kwi-smallpox. Esi silonda sidla ngokuba sisingqukuva, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha imiphetho inokuba ingalingani. Sikwabonakala ngathi siphakanyisiwe kancinci kunesikhumba esijikelezileyo.

Ngoku khangela, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithi yokugonya ekhethekileyo ebangela isilonda esifana nesi:

• `ACAM2000™`: Olu lugonyo olusetyenziswa ngabasebenzi bezempilo ngoku ukukhusela abantu kwi-smallpox. Nangona kunjalo, alunikwa wonke umntu. Lunikwa abasebenzi belabhoratri abasebenza neentlobo ezithile zeentsholongwane, kunye nabanye abantu abasemkhosini. Ubusazi? Ngenxa yeenkqubo zokugonya zangaphambili, intsholongwane ebangela i-smallpox ngoku sele iphantse yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo ehlabathini. Ke ngoko, ayisasasazeki naphi na ehlabathini.
• `Dryvax®`: Olu lugonyo lwe-smallpox olwalusetyenziswa ngaphambi kwe-`ACAM2000™`, ngaphambi kokuba luvunywe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (`US Food and Drug Administration - FDA`). Olu gonyo lwanikwa abantu abaninzi e-United States phakathi kweminyaka yoo-1900. Nangona kunjalo, lwayekiswa ukunikwa rhoqo emva kowe-1972. Emva koko, i-`Dryvax®` yanikwa kuphela amaqela akhethiweyo, njengabasebenzi bezempilo kunye nabasebenzi basemkhosini. Kwakungekho de kwaba ngo-2008 apho i-`Dryvax®` yayekwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye i-`ACAM2000™` yanikwa endaweni yoko.

Ngoko ke isilonda esisesandleni sakho sinokubangelwa yenye yezi gonyo zimbini, ingakumbi ukuba umdala kancinci.

Kutheni le nto le gonyo ye-smallpox ishiya isilonda?

Umbuzo omhle! Eyona nto ibangela ukuba isitofu sokugonya i-smallpox sishiye isilonda kukuba sibangela usulelo oluncinci eluswini lwakho xa ufumana isitofu. Ungakhathazeki, olu sulelo lulawulwayo, olujoliswe ngabom. Umzimba wakho uza kulwa nosulelo kwaye uloyise. Nangona kunjalo, apho olu dabi lwenzeka khona, oko kukuthi, apho usulelo kunye nokuvuvukala okunxulumene nalo kwakukho, isilonda esincinci siya kuhlala.

Isitofu sokugonya se-`ACAM2000™` (kunye nesitofu sangaphambili se-`Dryvax®`) sinikwa ngenaliti ekhethekileyo enencam ephindwe kabini. Umboneleli wezempilo uyifaka le naliti kulwelo lwenaliti aze ayihlabe ulusu olungalweni yakho engasentla amaxesha amaninzi. Oku kubangela, njengoko kukhankanyiwe, 'usulelo oluncinci' olulinganiselwe kwindawo yokugonya. Esi sisiphumo esiqhelekileyo nesilindelekileyo sesitofu. Esi sisifo sincinci sivuselela 'amasosha omzimba' akho ukwakha ukhuselo kwisifo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba olu gonyo aluyi kukunika i-smallpox. Oku kungenxa yokuba olu gonyo alwenziwanga kusetyenziswa intsholongwane ebangela i-smallpox (i-`variola virus`). Endaweni yoko, isebenzisa intsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-`vaccinia virus`. Olu gonyo luyintsholongwane enxulumene ne-smallpox virus. Ngoko ke xa umzimba wakho wakha amandla okuzikhusela kwi-vaccinia virus, ukulungele ukulwa ne-smallpox virus. Ayimangalisi loo nto?

Kwiintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezine emva kokufakwa kwenaliti, indawo yokufaka inaliti iya kuba bomvu, idumbe, kwaye irhawuzelele. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi "take." Luphawu lokuba inaliti iyasebenza. Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, le ndawo iya kuba yiblista egcwele ubovu, eya kuba nkulu emva kweentsuku ezili-10. Emva koko iya kuqala ukoma. Njengoko iblista iphola, kuya kubakho iblawu phezu kwayo. Le yinxalenye yenkqubo yendalo yokuphiliswa kwesikhumba sakho. Le blawu iya kuwa phakathi kweentsuku ezili-14 ukuya kwezingama-21 emva kokufakwa kwenaliti. Kulapho iblawu elincinci, elineembobo liya kusala khona.

Esi silonda siluphawu oluhle lokuba isitofu siphumelele, ukuba sikunike isithintelo kwi-smallpox. Kodwa khumbula, esi sithintelo sipheleleyo asihlali ubomi bonke. Uphando lubonise ukuba isithintelo siqala ukuncipha emva kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu yokugonywa. Yiyo loo nto abanye abantu (njengabasebenzi belabhoratri) kufuneka bafumane isitofu ngokuphindaphindiweyo iminyaka emininzi ukuze bahlale bekhuselekile ngokupheleleyo.

Kutheni ndingenalo inxeba lokugonyelwa i-smallpox?

Ukuba kutshanje ufumene ugonyo lwe-smallpox kwaye awuzange ube ne-rash, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ugonyo "aluzange" lusetyenziswe kakuhle. Oko kukuthi, ugonyo aluzange lusebenze njengoko bekulindelekile. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzi bezempilo badla ngokubona oku kwangethuba (ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele ukuba awuna-rash).

Oogqirha baza kujonga iimpawu "zokusabela" kwiveki yokuqala emva kokufumana inaliti. Oko kukuthi, ingaba kuvela irhashalala na kwaye umzimba wakho usabela kakuhle na. Ukuba ezi mpawu azibonakali, unokufuna ukufumana inaliti kwakhona. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika iingcebiso malunga nokuba yintoni ekulungeleyo ngelo xesha.

Amanxeba asenokubakho kubantu abafumene ugonyo lwe-smallpox kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngamanye amaxesha anokuphela kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abanye abantu bade banyangwe ngonyango lwe-'scar revision' ukunciphisa ukubonakala kwamanxeba, ukuba bayafuna.

Ingaba ugonyo lweMpox lubangela amanxeba?

Kuxhomekeke kwigonyo olifumanayo. Cinga ngayo, iintsholongwane ezibangela i-smallpox (`smallpox`) kunye ne-mumps (`mpox`) ziyafana kakhulu, njengezalamane. Yiyo loo nto abasebenzi bezempilo bekwazile ukusebenzisa igonyo le-smallpox ukukhusela abantu kwi-mumps.

Ngoko ke, abo bafumana isitofu se-`ACAM2000™` baya kuba nesilonda njengoko kukhankanyiwe. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzi bezempilo kumazwe afana ne-United States bakhetha ukusebenzisa isitofu se-`JYNNEOS®` ukukhusela kwi-smallpox kuba sinomngcipheko omncinci weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinzulu.

Ukuba abantu abafumana isitofu se-`JYNNEOS®` banesifo sokuwa okanye akunjalo kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokusetyenziswa kwaso. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokusebenzisa isitofu se-`JYNNEOS®`:

• Ukugonyelwa ngaphakathi kwesikhumba: Oku kudla ngokunikezelwa ngaphakathi ebunzini lakho. Ugqirha usebenzisa inaliti encinci ukufaka isitofu phakathi kweengqimba ezimbini eziphezulu zesikhumba sakho (i-epidermis kunye ne-dermis). Ngenxa yokuba ulusu lwakho luneeseli ezininzi zokuzikhusela, nokuba yidosi encinci yesitofu inokushukumisa ezo seli kwaye incede umzimba wakho wakhe ukhuselo lwawo. Xa kukho ukuqhambuka ngequbuliso kwesifo esifana ne-smallpox, ukusebenzisa iidosi ezincinci kunokunceda ukugonya abantu abaninzi.
• Ugonyo olungaphantsi kolusu: Olu tyando ludla ngokunikezelwa engalweni engasentla. Ugqirha usebenzisa inaliti ukufaka ugonyo kulwelo olunzulu lolusu lwakho (i-hypodermis).

Zombini ezi ndlela zikhuselekile kwaye ziyasebenza. Nangona kunjalo, xa ugonyo lunikwa ngendlela ethi `intradermal`, ngamanye amaxesha lunokubangela ukurhawuzelelwa kolusu kunye nokutshintsha kombala. Oku kudla ngokuba yinto yexeshana. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuba namanxeba exesha elide ngenxa yolu gonyo. Abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu:

• Abantu abanembali yamanxeba amakhulu abangelwe zizinto zangaphambili.
• Abantu abanembali yokukhula kwezibazi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'Keloid scars'. Ezi zizibazi eziphakanyisiweyo nezijiyileyo ezibonakala ngaphezulu komphezulu wolusu. Zinokubonakala zibomvu okanye zipinki. Zinokuba nombala ofanayo nolusu lwakho okanye zibe nombala omnyama.

Abantu abamnyama, abakuLatino, okanye abakuAsia, oko kukuthi abo banesikhumba esimnyama, basengozini enkulu yokufumana amabala e-keloid.

Ngoko ke, nabani na osengozini yokuba namanxeba akayi kugonywa ngendlela ethi `intradermal`. Endaweni yoko, uya kunikwa indlela ethi `subcutaneous`. Ugqirha wakho uya kuthetha nawe ngembali yakho yezonyango (kuquka nayiphi na imbali yokuba namanxeba) ngaphambi kokuba akunike ugonyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo baya kukhetha indlela efanelekileyo kuwe.

Ngaba ukuba nesilonda sokugonyelwa i-smallpox kuthetha ukuba ukhuselekile kwi-Mpox?

Ugqirha wakho ngumntu ofanelekileyo ukukuxelela ukuba ukhuselekile kwi-measles okanye nakwesiphi na esinye isifo esosulelayo. Ubusazi? Zininzi izinto ezinokuchaphazela umgangatho wokhuseleko lwakho. Umzekelo:

• Ngowuphi ugonyo owalufumanayo (olufana ne-`ACAM2000™` okanye `JYNNEOS®`).
• Uyithengile nini?
• Loo gonyo lithile likhusela ixesha elingakanani?

Ugqirha wakho unokuvavanya amasosha omzimba wakho ngokusekelwe kwimbali yakho yokugonywa kunye nophando lwamva nje malunga nokuqina kwemithi yokugonya.

Enye into ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba ukuba nje unenxeba le-smallpox esandleni sakho, akuthethi ukuba ugonyelwe i-smallpox. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba abanye abantu, ingakumbi abo bazalelwe ngaphandle kweSri Lanka, banikwe i-Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), enikwa i-TB. I-BCG gonyo ikwashiya inxeba esandleni sakho, elifana kakhulu nenxeba le-smallpox gonyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ezi zigonyo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, ezinikwa iintsholongwane ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Uya kukhuselwa kuphela kwi-smallpox ukuba ufumana igonyo elenzelwe kwaye lavunywa ngokukodwa.

Abantu abaninzi, xa bejonga isilonda sabo sokugonyela i-smallpox, bakhumbula umhla abasifumene ngawo. Kwabanye, kusenokwenzeka ukuba bekungamashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo, njengenxalenye yenkqubo enkulu yokugonya ukuphelisa i-smallpox ehlabathini. Kwabanye, kusenokwenzeka ukuba yinto abayifumene kutshanje, ngenxa yohlobo lomsebenzi wabo.

Nokuba lixesha, indawo, okanye isizathu, irhashalala luphawu oluhle lokuba umzimba wakho wakhe amajoni omzimba okukhusela wena nabanye. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nerhashalala yakho okanye ukuba zeziphi izitofu ekufuneka uzifumane, ungathandabuzi ukubuza umboneleli wezempilo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• Isilonda sogonyo lwe-smallpox sisala esandleni emva kokufumana ugonyo lwe-smallpox (ACAM2000™ okanye i-Dryvax® endala).
• Olu qhambuko lwenzeka kuba umzimba usabela kwisifo esincinci esilawulwayo eluswini esibangelwa yi-vaccine. Olu luphawu lokuba i-vaccine iphumelele.
• Isitofu sokugonya i-smallpox asinayo intsholongwane ye-smallpox, kodwa sine-'vaccinia virus' efanayo.
• Ukuba akukho silonda, isitofu kusenokwenzeka ukuba asizange "sithathwe." Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngale nto.
• Ukuvalelwa kwezihlunu ngenxa yemijovo ye-mpox (efana ne-JYNNEOS®) kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokusetyenziswa (ngaphakathi kwesikhumba okanye ngaphantsi kwesikhumba) kunye nezinto ezizimeleyo.
• Nangona inxeba le-BCG lifana nenxeba le-smallpox, zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba nenxeba le-smallpox akuthethi ukuba ukhuselekile kwi-smallpox.
• Ugqirha wakho ngumntu ongcono kakhulu omaziyo malunga nomzimba wakho kunye nemithi yokugonya.

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyiqonda ngcono loo nxeba lincinci esandleni sakho. Ayilonxeba nje kuphela, ikwangumzekelo omhle wendlela isayensi eye yaphucuka ngayo ekusikhuseleni kwizifo!

Ingxibongo , isivalo sogonyo, isivalo sogonyo lwengxibongo, i-ACAM2000, i-Dryvax, i-Mpox, i-JYNNEOS, ukungakhuseleki komzimba