Ingaba umntwana wakho akakathethi kakuhle? Okanye ngaba umzali wakho omdala unengxaki yokuthetha emva kwestroke? Mhlawumbi unengxaki yokuginya ukutya okanye amanzi. Ngamaxesha anje, abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba oku akusayi kuze kube ngcono. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba kukho iingcali eziqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukusinceda ngolu hlobo lweengxaki zonxibelelwano nokuginya? Yiloo nto sithetha ngayo kweli nqaku namhlanje.
Ngubani lo gqirha wezifo zengqondo nolwimi lokuthetha?
Ngamafutshane, i-SLP yingcali yezonyango exilonga kwaye inyange iingxaki zabantu zonxibelelwano nokuginya. Sidla ngokubabiza ngokuba "ziingcali zeNtetho." Kodwa elo asilogama lipheleleyo. Abanyanga nje kuphela intetho, kodwa banyanga neengxaki zolwimi, ezifana nokuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye, ukudibanisa amagama, nokufunda, kunye neengxaki zokuginya. Yiyo loo nto igama elichanekileyo nelipheleleyo lingu-"Speech and Language Therapist".
Ezi ngcali zinceda abantu bayo yonke iminyaka, ukususela kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ukuya kubantu abadala.
- Kubantwana abancinci abathetha kade
- Abantwana abanengxaki yokuthetha ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokukhula
- Abantu abadala abalahlekelwe yikhono lokuthetha ngenxa yemeko efana nokwenzakala engqondweni okanye isifo sohlangothi
- Kwabo banelizwi elitshintshayo okanye ubunzima bokuginya ngenxa yomhlaza wentloko nentamo
- Kwabo banengxaki yokuthetha nokuginya ngenxa yeengxaki zemithambo-luvo
Ezi ngcali zinokunceda wonke umntu.
Zeziphi iingxaki eziphambili eziphathwa ngaba bantu?
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeengxaki eziphathwa ngaba bantu. Masiziqonde ezi kwitheyibhile elula. Xa ubona oku, uya kuqonda ukuba eli candelo likhulu kangakanani.
| Uhlobo lwengxaki (Uhlobo lweSifo) | Ingcaciso elula kunye nemizekelo |
|---|---|
| Iingxaki zokuCacisa | Ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa izihlunu zomlomo, ulwimi, kunye nemilebe ngokufanelekileyo ukubiza izandi ezithile. Umzekelo, umntwana omncinci angasebenzisa u-"ya" endaweni ka-"ra" ("yata" endaweni ka-"rata"). |
| Iingxaki zoLwimi | Ubunzima bokuqonda amagama nezivakalisi, kunye nobunzima bokuzibonakalisa. Ukungaqondi oko kuthethwa ngabanye, ukungakwazi ukudibanisa amagama ukwenza izivakalisi, kunye nokungakwazi ukufunda. I-Aphasia, eyenzeka emva kweemeko ezifana nokungakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle, ngumzekelo woku. |
| Ukuphazamiseka Kokuthetha Ngokutyibilika | Xa uthetha, amazwi akho awahambi kakuhle aze abhajwe. Ukuthintitha, esikwaziyo sonke, yeyona mzekelo ibalaseleyo. Oku kuquka izinto ezifana nokuphindaphinda amagama kunye nokutsala izandi. |
| Iingxaki zelizwi / i-Dysphonia | Utshintsho kumgangatho welizwi. Umzekelo, ilizwi liyarhawuzelela, libe buthathaka kakhulu, okanye lilahlekelwe lilizwi xa lithetha. Ezi meko zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abafana nootitshala nabaculi. |
| Iingxaki zokuginya / i-Dysphagia | Ukungakwazi ukuginya ukutya, iziselo, okanye neepilisi ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukuminxeka, ukukhohlela, kunye nokufunxwa kokutya kwindlela yokuphefumla kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinzulu ezifana ne-pneumonia. Le yimeko efuna ingqalelo esondeleyo. |
| Iingxaki zoNxibelelwano lweNtlalo | Ukungakwazi ukuqonda indlela yokuziphatha xa uthetha kwaye utshintshiselana ngezimvo nabanye abantu kuluntu. Oku kuquka izinto ezifana nokungalindi ithuba lomntu kwincoko, nokungakwazi ukuqonda imbonakalo yobuso babanye abantu. |
| Iingxaki zoNxibelelwano lweNgqondo | Unxibelelwano luyaphazamiseka ngenxa yengxaki yobuchopho. Ubunzima bokukhumbula, ukungakwazi ukugxila, kunye nokungakwazi ukulungelelanisa iingcinga zomntu kunokubangela ubunzima bonxibelelwano. |
Ufanele uyibone nini i-SLP?
Ixesha elininzi, ugqirha wosapho lwakho (uGqirha weNkathalelo ePhambili) uza kukuthumela wena okanye umntwana wakho kwingcali yokuthetha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba wena, njengomzali, unenkxalabo malunga nento efana nale, nokuba wena okanye umntu osapho lwakho, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
Khumbula, ingakumbi xa abantwana bethetha kade, kungcono ukubona ingcali ngokukhawuleza kunokuba ulinde ukuba "kuza kuba ngcono ngokuhamba kwexesha." Okukhona unyango luqalwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo ziya kuba ngcono.
Ukubona ingcali yentetho nolwimi kunokukunceda:
- Cacisa intetho yakho: Ungaziqhelanisa nokubiza amagama noonobumba ngokucacileyo nokuthetha ngendlela elula ukuba abanye bayiqonde.
- Phucula unxibelelwano: Ungafumana uncedo lokuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye abantu uze uchaze kanye into ofuna ukuyithetha.
- Nxibelelana nabantu ngendlela ephumelelayo: Uza kukhokelwa ukuba wenze ngokuzithemba xa uthetha nabantu kwaye wakhe ubudlelwane.
- Iindlela ezintsha kwabo bangakwaziyo ukuthetha okanye abangakwaziyo ukuthetha: Kwanabo bangakwaziyo ukuthetha konke konke banokuncedwa ukuba baziveze ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana neebhodi zonxibelelwano.
- Ukukunceda uginye ukutya ngokukhuselekileyo: Kukunika iingcebiso ezibalulekileyo kunye noqeqesho malunga nendlela yokuginya ukutya ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokukrwitshwa okanye ukubangela iingxaki ezifana ne-pneumonia.
I-SLP imnceda njani umntwana omncinci?
Le yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kubazali. Khawuthelekelele ukuba umntwana wakho oneminyaka emi-3 ubudala akakakwazi ukudibanisa amagama amabini, okanye akakaqondi nezona zinto zilula ozithethayo. Ngexesha elinje, i-SLP ayizami ukunyanzela umntwana ukuba athethe.
Badlala nomntwana. Basebenzisa amathoyizi, imifanekiso, kunye nemisebenzi ukunceda umntwana aphuhlise izakhono zakhe zolwimi kunye nokubiza amagama ngaphandle kokuba yena aqaphele. Le ndlela yokwelapha esekwe kumdlalo siyibiza ngokuba yi-. Lithuba elimnandi kakhulu kumntwana. Kwakhona, ukuba kukho ubunzima ekuseleni ubisi okanye ukuthetha ngenxa yemeko efana ne-tongue-tie (Tongue-tie / Ankyloglossia), banokunika iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo.
Zisebenza phi ezi ngcali?
Iingcali zonyango lwentetho nolwimi zisebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ungazifumana kwiindawo ezifana nezi:
- Izibhedlele
- Amaziko okubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo
- Izikolo (ingakumbi izikolo zabantwana abaneemfuno ezizodwa)
- Iikliniki zabucala
- Amaziko okunakekela abahlengikazi abanezakhono/okhathalelo lwexesha elide
Unxibelelwano lubalulekile ebomini bethu. Kuphela xa sinengxaki nalo apho siqonda khona ukubaluleka kwalo. Ngoko ke ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo unengxaki yokuthetha, yolwimi, yelizwi, okanye yokuginya, ungakhathazeki ngalo. Fumana uncedo kwingcali yolwimi eqeqeshiweyo. Inyathelo lokuqala kukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngalo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ingcali yentetho nolwimi (SLP) yingcali enyanga kungekuphela nje iingxaki zokuthetha, kodwa kunye nobunzima bokuqonda ulwimi, ukuveza izimvo, kunye nokuginya.
- Banceda abantu bayo nayiphi na iminyaka, ukususela kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ukuya kubantu abadala.
- Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nophuhliso lwentetho yomntwana wakho okanye ukuba umntu omdala uneengxaki zonxibelelwano emva kwemeko efana nokukhubazeka, musa ukucinga nje ukuba "kuza kuba ngcono ngokuhamba kwexesha," kodwa thetha nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko kwaye ulungiselele ukuthunyelwa kwi-SLP.
- Ingakumbi ebantwaneni, unyango lwangethuba lwengxaki lunokuvelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo kakhulu.
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