Ingaba unengxaki yemithambo yegazi emgogodleni wakho? Masifunde ngakumbi nge-Spinal Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe ube neentlungu emqolo? Okanye uzive ungenamandla okanye ubuthathaka engalweni okanye emlenzeni? Mhlawumbi ezi ayizozinto nje ezingaqhelekanga. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko engaqhelekanga ukuviwa ngayo, kodwa enokuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Elo ligazi elikwi-spinal cord, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -`(Spinal Arteriovenous Malformation)` okanye `(AVM)` ngokwezonyango.

Yintoni le `(Spinal AVM)`?

Ngamafutshane, i-Spinal AVM yimeko apho imithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi) idibana kwaye idibane okanye kwi -spinal cord yakho (intambo yemithambo-luvo engaphakathi komqolo wakho). Uyazi ukuba oku kwenzeka njani? Imizimba yethu inemithambo-luvo (imithambo-luvo ethwala igazi elineoksijini esuka entliziyweni) kunye nemithambo-luvo (imithambo-luvo ethwala igazi elisetyenzisiweyo libuyela entliziyweni). Ngokwesiqhelo, le mithambo-luvo kunye nemithambo-luvo iqhagamshelwe yinkqubo yemithambo yegazi emincinci kakhulu ebizwa ngokuba yi-capillaries . Le mithambo-luvo yiyo esasaza ioksijini kwi-spinal cord yethu nakwizicubu ezijikelezileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, kule meko `(AVM)`, umthambo uqhagamshela ngqo kumthambo. Inkqubo ye-capillary ephakathi iyagqithwa. Khawuthelekelele, kufana nokuxinana kwezithuthi ezivela kwindlela enkulu ngequbuliso zijika ziye kwindlela encinci zize ziphinde ziqhagamshelane nendlela enkulu. Kwenzeka ntoni ngenxa yoko? Ubungakanani beoksijini obufunekayo kwiiseli ezikumqolo buyancipha. Kwakhona, olu nxibelelwano lungaqhelekanga lunokubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi ikhule, itshintshe uxinzelelo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iqhume . Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, ukopha kakhulu `(Ukopha)` kunokwenzeka, okunokuba yingozi kubomi . Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kukho unyango lokuthintela le meko. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha babiza oku `(Spinal Arteriovenous Shunt)`, njengoko usenokuba uvile.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-`(Spinal AVM)`?

Ngoku masibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-`(Spinal AVM)`. Kukho iintlobo ezintlanu zeziphene zemithambo yegazi ezenzeka kwi-spinal cord. Ezi ziquka `(Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations - AVM)` kunye `(Spinal Arteriovenous Fistulas - AVF)`. Kuzo zombini ezi zinto, unxibelelwano olungaqhelekanga lwenzeka phakathi kwe-artery kunye ne-vein. Nangona kunjalo, `(AVM)` lwenzeka ngaphakathi kwithishu ye-spinal cord. `(AVF)` lwenzeka kwi- `(Dura mater)` , i-membrane egubungela i-spinal cord.

Nazi iintlobo ezintlanu eziphambili:

• Uhlobo I: I-Dural AVF: Le ikwindawo engaphandle yomqolo (i-dura mater).
• Uhlobo lwesibini: I-Intramedullary glomus AVM: Le ifumaneka ngaphakathi kwintambo yomqolo.
• Uhlobo lwesithathu: I-Intramedullary juvenile AVM: Oku kunokusasazeka ngaphakathi komqolo nakwizicwili ezingqongileyo. Kuqheleke kakhulu ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala abancinci.
• Uhlobo lwesine: I-AVF ye-Perimedullary: Le ifumaneka kwiithishu ezijikeleze intambo yomgogodla.
• Uhlobo V: I-AVF yangaphandle: Oku kukwindawo engaphandle kwendawo ehlala ixesha elide.

Into enye ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba ukuba i-AVM iyaqhambuka, iimpawu zihlala zinzima kuneze-AVF. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-AVM iyaqhambuka ngqo kwizicubu, ngelixa i-AVF idla ngokufumaneka kwi-dura mater, nto leyo enika ukhuseleko oluthile.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Spinal AVM)`? Enyanisweni, sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo semithambo yegazi esifumaneka kwi-spinal cord. Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukutsho ngokuthe ngqo ukuba bangaphi abantu abanaso. Oku kungenxa yokuba abantu abaninzi abazi ukuba banaso de babe neempawu. Ngamanye amaxesha sifunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha lovavanyo lwesinye isifo. Ke ngoko, sidla ngokuthathwa njengesimo esingaqhelekanga .

Zithini iimpawu ze-`(Spinal AVM)`?

Iimpawu ze-`(Spinal AVM)` zenzeka kuba ubunzima obudibeneyo bemithambo yegazi bucinezela iingcambu zemithambo-luvo yomqolo kunye nomqolo ngokwawo. Kwizonyango, olu hlobo loxinzelelo silubiza ngokuba yi -`(Myelopathy)` . Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• Umqolo obuhlungu .
• Ubuthathaka okanye ukuqina kwemisipha (entanyeni, ezingalweni, nasemilenzeni).
• Ukuba ndindisholo, ukuphelelwa yimvakalelo, okanye iimvakalelo ezingaqhelekanga emilenzeni.
• Intloko ebuhlungu .
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi, ubunzima bokuhamba .
• Ubunzima bokulawula umchamo kunye nendle .

Ezi mpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-AVM, ukuba inzima kangakanani, kwaye ikwindawo ephi na emgogodleni. Umzekelo, ukuba i-AVM ikwindawo ephezulu yomqolo okanye esifubeni sakho, iimpawu zinokuvela esifubeni sakho, esiqwini, emqolo, ezingalweni, nasemilenzeni. Ukuba ikwindawo ephakathi yomqolo okanye esezantsi yomqolo, iimpawu zinokuchaphazela isisu sakho esisezantsi, umqolo, okanye imilenze.

Ezi mpawu zinokuvela kwelinye icala lomzimba okanye kumacala omabini. Ngamanye amaxesha ungaqaphela ukuba ziyanda kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha, okanye zinokufika zidlule. Khumbula ukuba abanye abantu banokuba ne-spinal AVM ngaphandle kweempawu.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha kwangoko xa iimpawu ziqala. Into efana nentlungu ebuhlungu engxamisekileyo yomqolo inokuba luphawu lokuba i-AVM iqhumile. Le yingxamiseko yezonyango, ngoko ke funa unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Iimpawu ziqala nini?

Ezi mpawu ze-`(AVM)` zinokubonakala nakweyiphi na iminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu lufumana iimpawu phakathi kweminyaka eli-15 nengama-60. Zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-`(AVM)`. Uninzi lwexesha, ezi `(Spinal AVM)` zizinto ezizalwa nazo . Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana usenokuba neengxaki ngale mithambo yegazi ngelixa wayesesesibelekweni. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxeshaLe meko inokwenzeka nasemva kokuba umntu ekhulile (efunyenwe).

Zithini izizathu ze-`(Spinal AVM)`?

Oogqirha abakayazi kakuhle into ebangela le `(Spinal AVM)`.

Kwimeko yokuzalwa `(Spinal AVM)` izifundo zibonise ukuba ngexesha lokukhulelwa (xa umntwana ekhula esibelekweni), imithambo yegazi ejikeleze umqolo ikhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Umzekelo, isenokuba ngenxa yotshintsho kwindlela yokuhamba kwegazi ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvaleka.

Emva kokuzalwa, i-"Spinal AVM" efunyenweyo inokwenzeka emva kwengozi, utyando, okanye olunye uhlobo lokulimala kwintambo yomgogodla .

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

Iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-`(Spinal AVM)` ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba yingozi ebomini . Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Ukopha: I-AVM inokuqhuma ize iqalise ukopha ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
• I-Ischemia: Oku kulapho ukunikezelwa kwegazi kuphazamiseka khona. Oku kunciphisa ubungakanani beoksijini kunye nezondlo ezidingwa ngamalungu omzimba. Oku kunokubangela ukuba iiseli ziyeke ukusebenza kakuhle, kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha, umonakalo unokuqokelelwa.
• Ukukhubazeka: Ukuba umqolo wonzakele, kunokubangela ukukhubazeka, imeko apho ezinye iindawo zomzimba zingenakushukunyiswa.

Ufumanisa njani ukuba une-`(Spinal AVM)`?

Ugqirha uyixilonga njani i-AVM yomqolo? Baza kuqala bakuxilonge ngokwasemzimbeni , baze bakwenze uvavanyo lwemithambo-luvo . Ukongeza, banokuyalela iimvavanyo ezithile zemifanekiso ekhethekileyo .

Olu vavanyo lokujonga imifanekiso lunokunceda ekumiseleni ubungakanani be-AVM kunye nendawo ekuyo kwi-spinal cord. Ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa uvavanyo olufana nolu:

• Iskeni seMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
• Uvavanyo lweMagnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) (oku kujonga ngokukodwa imithambo yegazi)
• Iskeni yeMyelogram kunye neCT (Computed Tomography - CT).

Ukongeza, ukuba unesiphene okanye ubuthathaka bemisipha, uvavanyo lokuqhuba imithambo-luvo kunye novavanyo lwe-electromyography (EMG) lunokwenziwa.

Inyangwa njani i-`(Spinal AVM)`?

Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zokunyanga i-`(Spinal AVM)`:

• Ukufakelwa kwe-embolization:Kule meko, ugqirha otyandayo usebenzisa ityhubhu encinci kakhulu (i-catheter) ukufikelela kwimithambo yegazi echaphazelekayo nokumisa ukopha okanye ukuvala unxibelelwano olungaqhelekanga.
• Utyando: Ugqirha uyayisusa ngokupheleleyo i-AVM aze avumele imithambo yegazi ukuba ihambe kakuhle.
• Utyando lwe-Stereotactic radiosurgery: Kule meko, imisebe yemitha enamandla aphezulu ijoliswe ngqo kwindawo ekuyo i-AVM, itshabalalisa kwaye ivale unxibelelwano olungaqhelekanga lwemithambo yegazi.

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele imeko yakho. Ubungakanani be-AVM kunye nendawo ekuyo kuya kumisela unyango olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo. Uza kukuxelela nangemiphumo emibi yonyango ukuze ukwazi ukwenza isigqibo esinolwazi.

Kwiimeko ezininzi ze-`(Spinal AVM)`, utyando luyimfuneko ukuthintela iingxaki ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Kude kube lusuku lotyando, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okudambisa iintlungu okanye olunye unyango lokulawula iimpawu zakho nokukugcina ukhululekile.

Ndiza kuziva bhetele nini emva konyango?

Emva kotyando, uza kuqala ukuziva ukhululekile kwiimpawu ezifana neentlungu kunye neentloko ezibuhlungu. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha eliza kuthathwa ukuze uphile ngokupheleleyo liya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando olucetyiswe ngugqirha wakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo kungathatha iiveki ezimbalwa. Emva kotyando, ungadinga unyango lomzimba okanye unyango lomsebenzi ukuze uqinise izihlunu zakho kwaye uphucule ibhalansi yakho.

Iyintoni ikamva lale meko?

Ii-AVM zomqolo zinokunyangwa ngotyando. Iziphumo ezilungileyo zifumaneka xa imeko ifunyaniswa kwaye inyangwa kwangethuba, ngaphambi kokuba kubekho iingxaki. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusoloko kulula. Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba kukho i-AVM yomqolo, iimpawu zisenokungabonakali ngoko nangoko. Ukuba ayinyangwa, inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu nezisongela ubomi ezifana nokukhubazeka kunye nokopha.

Luphumelele kangakanani utyando lwe-Spinal AVM?

Utyando lwe-AVM lomqolo ludla ngokuba yimpumelelo . Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba unyango lwe-embolization kunye nonyango lokususa utyando beluphumelele ngama-74% kunye nama-88%, ngokulandelelana. Kolu phando lunye, ama-70% abo banyangiweyo baye baphulukana neempawu.

Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zotyando zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nempilo yakho ngokubanzi, ubungakanani be-AVM, kunye nendawo ekuyo. Ugqirha wakho angakunika ingcebiso engcono ngemeko yakho.

I-AVM yomgogodla kunye nokukhulelwa

Nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhulelwe ngempumelelo nge-`(Spinal AVM)`, umngcipheko weengxaki uphezulu.Kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuqhekeka kwe-AVM, okubangela iintlungu ezinzima kunye nokukhubazeka. Oku kunokuba yingozi kubomi bomama nosana olungekazalwa. Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho uza kukucebisa ngeendlela zonyango ezikhuselekileyo zemeko yakho kunye nendlela yokulungiselela ukukhulelwa okunempilo.

Ngaba oku kungathintelwa?

Okwangoku akukho ndlela eyaziwayo yokuthintela le meko (i-Spinal AVM). Uphando olongezelelekileyo luyaqhubeka ukuze kuchongwe ukuba yintoni ebangela ezi meko.

Udinga nini ukubona ugqirha?

Ukuba uziva ngathi uneempawu ze-`(Spinal AVM)`, qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha .

Ngamanye amaxesha, i-AVM inokuqhuma ngequbuliso. Le yingxamiseko yezonyango. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza:

• Intlungu yomqolo enganyamezelekiyo ngequbuliso.
• Ulusu oluphaphathekileyo, ukubanda, ukubila.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Isantya sentliziyo siyanda.
• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza.
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi emzimbeni.
• Ukudideka, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
• Ubunzima bokushukuma okanye ukujika intamo.
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo.

Imibuzo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha wakho

Eminye imibuzo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha wakho:

• Iphi i-`(Spinal AVM)` yam?
• Ucebisa luphi unyango?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
• Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphola emva kotyando?
• Ngaba i-AVM ingakhula kwakhona emva kokuba isusiwe?
• Ukuba omnye wamalungu osapho lwam asondeleyo une-Spinal AVM, ngaba kufuneka ndivavanywe ngemfuza?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule!

Xa kuvela iimpawu ngequbuliso, kuquka utshintsho kwintshukumo yomzimba kunye namandla emisipha, kunokuba yimeko eyoyikisayo. Ukuba uziva into engaqhelekanga, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha . Intlungu ebuhlungu yomqolo idla ngokuba luphawu olukhulu lokuba kukho into engalunganga kakhulu. Le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yi-spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM), inokubangela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi . Ke ngoko, okukhona isifo sifunyanwa kwaye sinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo ziba ngcono . Utyando lunokulungisa imeko engaqhelekanga yale mithambo yegazi.

I- AVM yomqolo, intambo yomqolo, imithambo yegazi, iintlungu zomqolo, i-AVM, ukopha, utyando