Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha unengxaki yokuphefumla, ukuqina kwesifuba, ukuphefumla kancinci, okanye ukukhohlela rhoqo? Ukuba unale mpawu, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo ukuze abone ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani. Olunye lovavanyo oluqhelekileyo nolubalulekileyo olwenziwa ngamaxesha anjalo lubizwa ngokuba yi-spirometry. Nangona igama lisenokuvakala ngathi yinto enkulu, eneneni luvavanyo olulula kakhulu nolungenantlungu.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Spirometry?
Cinga ngayo njengokujonga amandla enjini yemoto. I-Spirometry luvavanyo olulinganisa "amandla" kunye nomsebenzi wemiphunga yakho. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-'Pulmonary Function Test` (PFT) okanye i-'Lung Function Test`.
Olu vavanyo lulinganisa izinto ezimbini ikakhulu:
1. Ungakanani umoya onokuwuthatha uphume emiphungeni yakho ngaxeshanye.
2. Indlela onokukhupha ngayo umoya ophuma kwimiphunga yakho ngokukhawuleza.
Olu lwazi luya kunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba afumane umbono jikelele wokuba imiphunga yakho iphilile kwaye isebenza kakuhle na, okanye ukuba kukho ubuthathaka okanye isifo.
Kutheni olu vavanyo lweSpirometry lubaluleke kangaka?
Zininzi izizathu zokuba ugqirha angayalela olu vavanyo. Ezona ziphambili zezi:
- Ukuchonga izifo zokuphefumla: Oku kunceda ekufumaneni ukuba yintoni kanye ebangela iimpawu zakho. Olu vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu ekuchongeni izifo ezifana ne -asthma , i-COPD (iSifo esingapheliyo sePulmonary Disease) , kunye ne-Pulmonary Fibrosis .
- Linganisa umthamo womoya ophefumlayo: Oku kuya kukuxelela ukuba umoya ongakanani na onokubanjwa yimiphunga yakho.
- Jonga imeko yesifo: Ukuba sele unesifo sokuphefumla esihlala ixesha elide, olu vavanyo lwenziwa rhoqo ukuze kubonwe ukuba sitshintshile na ngokuhamba kwexesha, nokuba imeko iya isiba ngcono okanye imbi.
- Jonga impumelelo yonyango: Oku kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba amayeza owanikiweyo, njenge-inhaler, ayavula na indlela yakho yomoya kunye nokuba unyango luphumelele na.
- Jonga iindlela zomoya ezinciphileyo: Oku kuya kukunceda ubone ukuba kukho na ukuncitshiswa okanye ukuvaleka kwendlela yakho yomoya.
- Vavanya umngcipheko ngaphambi kotyando: Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lwenziwa ngaphambi kotyando olukhulu ukuze kuvavanywe umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka kokuphefumla ngexesha okanye emva kotyando lokubulala i-anesthesia.
Ziziphi iimpawu ugqirha anokuthi azicelele olu vavanyo?
Ukuba uqhubeka nokuba nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zingezantsi, ugqirha wakho uya kucebisa ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwe-spirometry ukuze kuchongwe unobangela.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo | Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuziva ufuthanisekile, xa uzibhokoxa kancinci, xa unyuka izinyuko, okanye xa umile nje. Ngokwezonyango, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi- (Dyspnea) . |
| Ukukhwehlela rhoqo | Ukukhohlela ixesha elide okuhlala iiveki, nokuba kukho okanye akukho phlegm. |
| Ukuqina kwesifuba okanye intlungu | Ukungakhululeki okanye iintlungu ezivakala ngathi ibhanti liyaqina esifubeni. |
| Ukuphefumla | Isandi esiphantsi, esithi "itshizi-tshizi" sivakala emqaleni okanye esifubeni xa uphefumla, ingakumbi xa uphefumla. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla nzulu | Ukuziva ngathi imiphunga ayinakuzaliswa ngumoya ngokupheleleyo, ngokungathi ukuphefumla kuyeka phakathi. |
Ulungiselela njani ngaphambi kovavanyo?
Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezichanekileyo kuvavanyo, kufuneka ulandele amanyathelo ambalwa alula ngaphambi kovavanyo. Ugqirha wakho uya kukucebisa ngale nto kwangaphambili.
- Amayeza okuphefumla:Ukuba usebenzisa ii-inhaler kwiingxaki zokuphefumla, ungacelwa ukuba uyeke ukuzisebenzisa kwiiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kovavanyo. Oku kuya kuvumela ukuba umsebenzi wakho wendalo wemiphunga ulinganiswe.
- Impahla: Nxiba impahla ekhululekileyo nekhululekileyo engaxinenanga emzimbeni wakho. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba uphefumle lula kwaye uphefumle nzulu.
- Ukutya: Musa ukutya isidlo esikhulu nesihluthisayo ubuncinane iiyure ezimbini ngaphambi kovavanyo. Isisu esipheleleyo sinokubangela uxinzelelo kwi-diaphragm kwaye sichaphazele iindlela zokuphefumla.
- Ukuzilolonga: Musa ukwenza umthambo onzima ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kovavanyo.
- Ukutshaya: Ukuba utshaya, kuphephe ukutshaya iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kovavanyo.
Ukulandela le miyalelo ngokuchanekileyo kuya kunceda kakhulu ugqirha wakho ukuba akunike umfanekiso ochanekileyo wemeko yakho yempilo.
Lwenziwa njani olu vavanyo? Ngaba yinto yokoyika?
Akukho nto yokoyika konke konke! Olu luvavanyo olulula kakhulu olunokugqitywa ngexesha elifutshane, malunga nemizuzu eli-15-30.
1. Ukuhlala: Okokuqala, uza kuhlala kakuhle esitulweni.
2. Ikliphu yempumlo: Emva koko, ikliphu encinci, ethambileyo iya kubekwa phezu kwempumlo yakho. Oku kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphefumla ngomlomo wakho kuphela, kungekhona ngempumlo yakho.
3. Isixhobo somlomo: Okulandelayo, uza kucelwa ukuba ufake ityhubhu (isixhobo somlomo) eqhagamshelwe kumatshini obizwa ngokuba yi-'Spirometer' emlonyeni wakho. Kuya kufuneka uyibambe ngokuqinileyo ngemilebe yakho ukuze kungabikho moya uphumayo.
4. Ukufutha: Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Umntu owenza uvavanyo (ugqirha, umongikazi, okanye ingcali yokuphefumla) uza kukuxelela ukuba uphefumle nzulu kwaye uvuthele ngamandla nangokukhawuleza kangangoko unako ungene kwityhubhu ude wonke umoya uphele.
5. Phinda izihlandlo ezininzi: Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezichanekileyo, kucetyiswa ukuba uphinda le nkqubo ubuncinane kathathu.
Mhlawumbi inyathelo lesibini
Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukubona ukuba iindlela zakho zomoya ziyasabela na kumayeza athile. Kwimeko enjalo, emva kovavanyo lokuqala, uya kunikwa i-bronchodilator nge-inhaler, emva koko uvavanyo lwesibini lwe-spirometry luya kwenziwa emva kwemizuzu embalwa. Emva koko iziphumo ziyathelekiswa. Oku kunokuba luncedo kakhulu ekuxilongeni iimeko ezifana ne-asthma.
Ngaba oku kuyabuhlungu?
Hayi, uvavanyo lweSpirometry alubuhlungu konke konke.
Nangona kunjalo, kuba uphefumla nzulu kwaye uphefumla ngamandla, ungaziva unesiyezi kancinci kwaye unesizungu . Ungakhwehlela ngelixa uphefumla. Ezi ziqhelekile ngokupheleleyo. Zonke ezi ntlungu ziya kuphela emva kwexesha elithile emva kokuba uvavanyo luphelile. Ukuba uziva udiniwe kakhulu, ungacela umntu owenza uvavanyo ukuba athathe ikhefu elifutshane.
Kubalulekile: Ukuba ukhe wahlaselwa yintliziyo okanye esinye isifo sentliziyo kwixesha elidlulileyo, qiniseka ukuba wazise ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kovavanyo.
Zithini iziphumo?
Xa iziphumo zovavanyo zifunyenwe, ugqirha uzithelekisa "nexabiso eliqhelekileyo." Ezi "xabiso eliqhelekileyo" zahlukile kumntu ngamnye. Zixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana neminyaka yakho, isini, ubude, kunye nohlanga .
Amaxabiso amabini aphambili alinganisiweyo ngala:
- Umthamo we-Forced Vital Capacity (FVC): Lo ngumlinganiselo womoya opheleleyo onokukhutshwa xa uphefumla nzulu kwaye ukhupha ngamandla wonke umoya osemaphaphu akho.
- Umthamo wokukhupha umoya ophoqelelweyo kwisekhondi e-1 (FEV1): Lo ngumlinganiselo womoya onokukhutshwa kwisekhondi yokuqala xa ukhupha umoya ngamandla.
Ngokwesiqhelo, ixabiso le-'FEV1' lomntu ophilileyo kufuneka libe ngaphezulu kwe-80% yexabiso le-'FVC'. Ngokuhlalutya la maxabiso kunye nomlinganiselo phakathi kwawo (`FEV1/FVC ratio`), ugqirha wakho unokuchonga uhlobo lwengxaki onayo ngemiphunga yakho.
| Uhlobo lwemeko yezonyango | Kalula nje... | Imizekelo |
|---|---|---|
| Isifo Semiphunga Esithintelayo | Ngenxa yomonakalo kwimiphunga okanye kwimigudu yomoya, kuba nzima ukukhupha umoya ngokukhawuleza oye waphefumlwa. Ixabiso le-FEV1 liyehla kakhulu. | Isifuba, i-COPD, iBronchiectasis, iCystic Fibrosis |
| Isifo Semiphunga Esithintelweyo | Imiphunga ayikhuli ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kunzima ukuba imiphunga ifumane umoya omninzi kangangoko iwudingayo . Ixabiso le-FVC liyehla. | Isifo seMiphunga esiPhakathi, iScoliosis, iMuscular Dystrophy |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Spirometry luvavanyo olulula, olungangenisi ntlungu, nolungenazintlungu olujonga impilo yemiphunga yakho.
- Oku kunceda kakhulu ekuxilongeni izifo ezingapheliyo zokuphefumla ezifana ne-asthma kunye ne-COPD, nasekuqinisekiseni ukuba unyango luphumelele na.
- Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezichanekileyo, landela imiyalelo kagqirha (malunga nokutya, izinto eziselwayo, amayeza, kunye nokuzilolonga) ngaphambi kovavanyo.
- Ungakhathazeki ukuba uziva unesiyezi okanye ukhohlela ngexesha lovavanyo. Oku kuqhelekile kwaye kuya kuphela emva kwexesha elithile.
- Soloko uvula umlomo nogqirha wakho malunga nayo nayiphi na ingxaki yokuphefumla onokuba unayo, kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lwakho. Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nesicwangciso sonyango ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kukunceda ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho.
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