Masifunde nge-T-cell Lymphoma ngokulula. Kufana nogqirha nomhlobo bethetha nawe!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva udiniwe kwaye udiniwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo? Okanye mhlawumbi unamaqhuqhuva amancinci okanye amaqhuqhuva entanyeni yakho, emakhwapheni, okanye emqolo? Ngamanye amaxesha ungabona namabala okanye amaqhuqhuva angaqhelekanga eluswini lwakho. Ezi azisoloko ziluphawu lwento enzulu, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, ezi zinto zinokunxulunyaniswa nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-T-cell Lymphoma . Ngoko ke, masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje, kodwa ngokulula nje, kulungile? Musa ukoyika, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi.

Yintoni le T-cell lymphoma?

Ngamafutshane, i-T-cell lymphoma luhlobo lomhlaza olubizwa ngokuba yi -non-Hodgkin lymphoma . Sinohlobo olukhethekileyo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-T cells emizimbeni yethu. La ngamajoni aphambili enkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela, esikhusela kwizifo kunye nosulelo. Ngoko ke, ngesizathu esithile, ezi seli ze-T zahlukana ngokungaqhelekanga, zanda ngokungalawulekiyo, kwaye zibe ngumhlaza, nto leyo ebangela i-T-cell lymphoma.

Lo mhlaza ukhula kwizicubu ze-lymphoid zomzimba wethu. Umzekelo, ungenzeka kwiindawo ezifana ne-lymph nodes (ezibizwa ngokuba zii-lymph nodes), ulusu, indlela yokugaya ukutya , kunye ne-spleen . Okubalulekileyo, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-T-cell lymphoma. Ke ngoko, unyango luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwintlobo.

Ziziphi iintlobo ze-T-cell lymphoma ezikhoyo?

Oogqirha badla ngokuhlanganisa ii-T-cell lymphomas zibe ziintlobo ezimbini, kuxhomekeke ekubeni zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani:

1. Iintlobo ezinobundlongondlongo

2. Iintlobo zobuvila

Ngoku makhe sijonge nganye kwezi ndidi ngokwahlukeneyo.

Ii-lymphomas ze-T-cell ezihlaselayo

Ezi ziintlobo ezincinci ezikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zisasazeka.

• I-T-cell lymphoma/leukemia yabantu abadala (i-human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I positive) : Olu luhlobo oluhlala lusenzeka kubantu abadala. Lunokuchaphazela ulusu kunye namathambo. Lunxulunyaniswa nentsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi -human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I.
• I-Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) : Oku kunokuba yinkqubo yomzimba okanye kuthintelwe eluswini ( elukhumbeni ). Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba kubekho uhlobo oluthile lwe-ALCL olunxulunyaniswa nee-implants zamabele.
• I-Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) : Olu hlobo lunokubonakala luneempawu ezifana neengxaki ze-autoimmune , ezifana ne -autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) .Iimeko ezifana ne -immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) .
• I-T-cell lymphoma enxulumene ne-Enteropathy : Njengoko igama lisitsho, olu luhlobo lwe-lymphoma olukhula emathunjini.
• I-Hepatosplenic gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma : Oku kuchaphazela kakhulu isibindi kunye ne-spleen.
• I-lymphoma ye-NK/T-cell yempumlo : I-NK lolunye uhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-natural killer cell , efana kancinci neeseli ze-T. Le lymphoma idla ngokuchaphazela ulwelo lwempumlo kunye nendlela ephezulu yokuphefumla, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha inokukhula eluswini okanye kwindlela yokugaya ukutya.
• I-peripheral T-cell lymphoma, engachazwanga ngenye indlela (PTCL-NOS) : Olu ludidi oluqhelekileyo. Oogqirha baquka iintlobo ze-T-cell lymphoma ezingangeni kwiintlobo ezithile ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla.

Ii-lymphomas ze-T-cell ezingasebenziyo

Ezi ziintlobo ezincinci ezikhula kwaye zisasazeka kancinci kuneentlobo ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili.

• I-Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) : Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-T-cell lymphoma. I-Mycosis fungoides kunye ne -Sézary syndrome zezinye zeli qela. Zichaphazela kakhulu ulusu.
• I-T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia : Olu lolunye uhlobo olukhula kancinci kancinci.
• I-subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma : Oku kuchaphazela izicubu ezinamafutha ezingaphantsi kolusu.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-T-cell lymphoma?

Ngenxa yokuba i-T-cell lymphoma inokuchaphazela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo esiqala kuyo isifo. Umzekelo, i-cutaneous T-cell lymphoma inokubangela amabala abomvu, arhawuzelelayo okanye amabala eluswini.

Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• Ukubila kakhulu ebusuku : Akupheleli nje ekubileni, kodwa kukubila kakhulu kangangokuba amashiti ayamanzi.
• Intlungu esiswini, emathanjeni, okanye esifubeni : Intlungu engapheliyo, engachazwanga.
• Ukudinwa okungapheliyo : Ukuziva udiniwe ngaphezu kwesiqhelo, ngokungathi awunawo amandla nokuba uvuka kusasa, kangangeentsuku ezininzi ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo : Ukudumba okungenabuhlungu entanyeni, emakhwapheni, nasemqolo okunokubonakala ngathi liqhuma.
• Umkhuhlane ongachazwanga : Umkhuhlane udla ngokuvela xa umzimba ulwa nosulelo. Ukuba umkhuhlane awunciphi emva kweeyure ezimbini zonyango lwasekhaya, okanye ukuba umkhuhlane uqhubeka iintsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbini, luphawu olufanele luxhalatyiswe.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu: Unciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kokuzama okanye ukulawula indlela otya ngayo. Ukuba ulahlekelwa ngaphezu kwe-10% yobunzima bomzimba wakho kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu, ngokuqinisekileyo yinto ekufuneka uyixelele ugqirha ngayo.

Khumbula, ezi mpawu zinokubonakala nakwezinye izifo ezingabalulekanga kangako. Ukuba nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba une-T-cell lymphoma. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi mpawu, ingakumbi umkhuhlane kunye nokuvuvukala kwe-lymph nodes, zihlala ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezimbini, kusoloko kuyinto elungileyo ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Yintoni ebangela i-T-cell lymphoma?

Akukho sizathu sithile nesicacileyo se-T-cell lymphoma. Ngamafutshane, ibangelwa lutshintsho (oko oogqirha bakubiza ngokuba ziinguqu ) kwiijini ezilawula ukukhula nokusebenza kwee-T-cell, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwakhiweni kwee-T-cells ezingaqhelekanga. Oogqirha abaqondi ngokupheleleyo ukuba kutheni oku kusenzeka, kodwa bakholelwa ukuba kukho utshintsho olufunyenweyo kwi-genetic . (Olu lutshintsho esiluphuhlisayo ngokuhamba kwexesha, kungekhona izinto esizalwa nazo).

Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo. Into ebangela umngcipheko yinto ebangela umngcipheko wokufumana isifo esithile.

• Ubudala : Ngokubanzi, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala banamathuba amaninzi okufumana esi sifo kunabantu abancinci.
• Isini : Amadoda anamathuba amancinci okufumana i-T-cell lymphoma kunabafazi.
• Uhlanga : Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kwiintlanga ezithile (umz., abantu abamhlophe okanye abantu baseAsia, xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abamnyama).
• Ukuba nezifo ezithile zokuzikhusela komzimba .
• Ukuvezwa zizinto ezibangela umhlaza . Umzekelo, ukuvezwa ixesha elide elangeni eligqithisileyo (ingakumbi ukukhanya kwe-UV ) okanye ukuvezwa ziikhemikhali ezithile emsebenzini.

I-T-cell lymphoma ifunyaniswa njani?

Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba une-T-cell lymphoma, banokwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unayo.

• Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC) olunomahluko : Oku kuvavanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli egazini kunye nobungakanani bazo.
• Iphaneli epheleleyo ye-metabolic (CMP) : Ijonga umsebenzi kunye nokulinganisela kweekhemikhali kwezitho ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni (ezifana nesibindi kunye nezintso).
• Uvavanyo lwe -Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) : Amanqanaba ale enzyme anokunyuka kwezinye ii-lymphomas.
• I-smear yegazi engaphandle : Isampuli yegazi ihlolwa phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kuhlolwe imilo kunye nohlobo lweeseli.
• Uvavanyo lweentsholongwane ezithile: umzekelo , intsholongwane ka-Epstein Barr , intsholongwane yokungakwazi ukuzikhusela komzimba womntu (i-HIV), intsholongwane ye-T-cell lymphotropic type I yomntu , okanye iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo ze-hepatitis .
• Ukufunxwa komnkantsha wethambo kunye ne-biopsy : Oku kwenzelwa ukubona ukuba i-lymphoma isasazeke na kumonkantsha wethambo.
• I-Immunophenotyping : Olu vavanyo lunceda ekuchongeni iiproteni ezithile kumphezulu wee-T-cells kwaye luchonge ngokukodwa uhlobo lwe-lymphoma.
• Iskeni se -magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) .
• Iskeni se- Positron emission tomography (PET) .

Olu vavanyo luvumela oogqirha ukuba bafumane umfanekiso ocacileyo wokuba unayo na i-lymphoma, ukuba ikhona, uhlobo lwayo, kwaye isasazeke kangakanani.

Zithini izigaba ze-T-cell lymphoma?

Emva kokuba umhlaza ufunyenwe, oogqirha bayawuchonga "inqanaba lawo." Oku kubhekisa ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani emzimbeni. Ukwazi eli nqanaba kubalulekile ekucwangciseni unyango kunye nokuvavanya i-prognosis. Kukho izigaba ezine eziphambili ze-T-cell lymphoma:

• Isigaba I : I-lymphoma ikwindawo enye ye-lymph node, okanye kwilungu elinye lenkqubo ye-lymphatic, njenge-thymus gland, i-spleen, okanye umongo wethambo.
• Isigaba sesiBini : I-lymphoma ikwiiqela ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zee-lymph nodes kwicala elinye le -diaphragm yakho (umsipha ophakathi kwesifuba sakho nesisu).
• Inqanaba lesi-3 : I-lymphoma ikwiindawo ze-lymph ezingaphezulu nangaphantsi kwe-diaphragm, kumacala omabini. Okanye isenokuba kwi-spleen.
• Inqanaba lesi-4 : I-lymphoma isasazeke ukuya kwilungu elinye elingaphandle kwenkqubo ye-lymphatic (umz., umongo wethambo, isibindi, imiphunga).

Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokulinganisa eyahlukileyo kancinci ngamanye amaxesha ingasetyenziswa kwi-cutaneous T-cell lymphoma kuba indlela esasazeka ngayo yahlukile kwezinye iintlobo ze-lymphoma.

Iphathwa njani i-T-cell lymphoma?

Unyango lwe-T-cell lymphoma luyahluka ngokwesigulana ngasinye kwaye luhluka ngokwesigulana ngasinye. Kwezinye iintlobo ezingasebenzi kakuhle, ukuba azikho iimpawu ekuqaleni, oogqirha banokusebenzisa icebo elibizwa ngokuba yi- "watchful waiting/active surveillance." Oku kuthetha ukuba isigulana asinyangwa ngoko nangoko, kodwa sijongwa ngokusondeleyo. Unyango luqalwa kuphela ukuba iimpawu ziyavela okanye isifo siba mandundu.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango zingabandakanya:

• Unyango lweKhemotherapy : Olu lunyango olunamandla olubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Lunyango oluphambili lwe-non-Hodgkin lymphoma, oluquka ne-T-cell lymphoma.
• Unyango olujoliswe kulo : Olu nyango lujolise kwaye luhlasela iimolekyuli ezithile kwiiseli zomhlaza. Unyango lwe-antibody ye-monoclonal ngumzekelo woku.
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy : Olukwabizwa ngokuba yi -biologic therapy , lubandakanya ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wakho ukunceda ukulwa neeseli zomhlaza. Unyango lwe-CAR T-cell lunyango oluphambili kweli candelo.
• Unyango lwemitha : Isebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu (njenge-X-ray) ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy ngokufakelwa kweeseli zesiqu : Iiseli zesiqu ziiseli zegazi ezingavuthwanga egazini lakho okanye kumongo wethambo. Emva kwe-chemotherapy ephezulu, oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha bafaka iiseli zesiqu kuwe ( ukufakelwa kweeseli zesiqu ze-autologous ). Amaxesha amaninzi, iiseli zesiqu ezivela komnye umntu ofana naye zinokufakwa kwenye indawo ( ukufakelwa kweeseli zesiqu ze-allogeneic ).

Ngamanye amaxesha, izigulana zinokufumana ithuba lokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi, apho oogqirha baphanda unyango olutsha.

Ngaba i-T-cell lymphoma inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. Ezinye iintlobo ze-T-cell lymphoma zinokubuyela kwimeko yazo emva konyango. Ukuxolelwa kuthetha ukuba awunazo iimpawu kwaye uvavanyo alubonisi zimpawu zesifo. Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zinokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo emva kwexesha elide lokuxolelwa. Oku kunokuba njalo nakwezinye iintlobo ze-T-cell lymphoma.

Nangona kunjalo, i-T-cell lymphoma idla ngokuba nethuba lokuphinda ivele emva konyango . Ngoko ke, ukuba une-T-cell lymphoma, ugqirha wakho unokukunika ingcebiso engcono malunga nohlobo kunye noqikelelo lwesifo sakho.

Yintoni i-prognosis ye-T-cell lymphoma?

"Ukuxela kwangaphambili" yingcamango oogqirha abakunika yona malunga nento omawuyilindele ngelixa uphila ne-T-cell lymphoma. Oku kudla ngokusekelwe kumava kunye nedatha yeqela elikhulu lezigulana. Ke ngoko, oko kuye kwenzeka kwabanye kusenokungakuchaphazeli ngendlela efanayo. Ke ngoko, ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokukunika ulwazi oluchanekileyo nolwakho malunga nekamva lakho .

Ngaba i-T-cell lymphoma ingathintelwa?

Ngenxa yokuba unobangela ochanekileyo we-T-cell lymphoma awukaziwa, kunzima ukuyithintela ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezinobungozi onokuzilawula, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili. Umzekelo, ukuphepha ukuvezwa kwi-carcinogens, ukuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane ezithile, kunye nokuphila ubomi obusempilweni.

Kunjani ukuhlala ne-T-cell lymphoma?

Ngenxa yokuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-T-cell lymphoma, ukuphila nesi sifo akufani kuwo wonke umntu. Kunzima ukutsho ngqo ukuba kunjani. Ukuba une-T-cell lymphoma, ungathanda ukuqwalasela unyango lwe-palliative . Unyango lwe-palliative lunyango olukhethekileyo olunceda abantu abaphila nezifo ezinzulu ukunciphisa iimpawu, ukulawula iintlungu, ukuhlala bomelele engqondweni, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi babo. Ungalufumana olu nyango lwe-palliative wedwa okanye kunye nonyango lwe-T-cell lymphoma.

Ndingazinyamekela njani ekhaya?

Ukuzinyamekela kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni imeko yakho. Nangona ezi zinto zingayi kusenza isifo siphele ngokupheleleyo, zinokukunceda wakhe amandla nokuzithemba ukuze uphile naso:

• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo : Ukutya kukunika amandla. Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo kunceda ukugcina amandla omzimba wakho. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, thetha nogqirha wezondlo uze ufumane iingcebiso malunga nokutya okukufaneleyo.
• Phumla kangangoko unako : Unyango olufana ne-chemotherapy lunokukwenza uzive udiniwe kakhulu. Ukuphumla kubalulekile ukuze umzimba wakho ubuyele esiqhelweni kwaye ubuye amandla awo.
• Ukuzilolonga : Ukuzilolonga okulula, okungacinezeliyo (njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha) kunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo kunye nokugcina amandla omzimba.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha? / Ndifanele ndiye nini kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko (ETU) ?

• Ukuba ubona iimpawu ezintsha okanye utshintsho kwi-T-cell lymphoma yakho olunokuba lubi kakhulu (umz., amaqhuma amatsha, umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukwehla okukhulu kobunzima), bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
• Ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango azipheli emva kokusela amayeza achazwe ngugqirha , zinzima kakhulu kunokuba bekulindelwe, okanye zihlala ixesha elide, kuya kufuneka uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) .

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Usenokuba nemibuzo emininzi kunye neenkxalabo ngexesha lokufunyaniswa kunye nonyango lwe-T-cell lymphoma. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngale mibuzo nogqirha wakho. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokuyibuza:

• Luhlobo luni lwe-T-cell lymphoma endinayo kanye kanye?
• Ithini inqanaba lesifo sam?
• Yintoni eyona njongo yonyango lwam?
• Loluphi unyango olundicebisayo? Ngoba?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho zezi ndlela zonyango? Zingalawulwa njani?
• Ngaba ndifanele ndicinge ngokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi? Zithini iingenelo kum?

Ngaba i-T-cell lymphoma ixhaphakile?

Hayi, i-T-cell lymphoma ayilohlobo lomhlaza oluqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, ngokutsho kwe-American Cancer Society, kulindeleke ukuba kufumaneke amatyala amatsha angama-89,000 e-lymphoma e-United States kuphela ngo-2023. Nangona kunjalo, i-T-cell lymphoma ibandakanya i-10% kuphela yazo zonke ii-lymphomas. Oko kumalunga namatyala amatsha angama-8,000 ngonyaka.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-B-cell lymphoma kunye ne-T-cell lymphoma?

Ngamafutshane, i-B-cell lymphoma kunye ne-T-cell lymphoma zichaphazela iintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ze-lymphocytes (uhlobo lwe-lymph cell) kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela. I-B-cell lymphoma luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza kune-T-cell lymphoma.

Umhlaza yinto enzima, ingakumbi ukuba ngumhlaza ongaqhelekanga njenge-T-cell lymphoma. Usenokuba nemibuzo emininzi kwaye uzibuze ukuba ungalufumana phi ulwazi malunga nale meko. Ungaze woyike, kwaye cela iqela lakho lezonyango likuncede ekuqondeni ukuxilongwa kwakho, unyango, kunye nayo nayiphi na enye into onokuyidinga . Bangowona mthombo wolwazi ubalaseleyo nothembekileyo, kuquka oko unokukulindela kunyango lwakho lomhlaza.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule kweli nqaku (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke, ngokwezinto esizithethileyo nge-T-cell Lymphoma, nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• I-T-cell lymphoma luhlobo lomhlaza olwenzeka xa ii-T-cells, eziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba, zikhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye zingalawulekiyo.
• Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zale nto, kuquka ukuba nolaka nokungakhathali, kwaye unyango luyahluka ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukuba uneempawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane ongapheliyo, ii-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo, ukudinwa kakhulu, ukubila ebusuku kakhulu, kunye nokunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engachazekiyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa ugqirha ngako.
• Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka; i-chemotherapy, unyango lwe-radiation, unyango olujoliswe kulo, kunye ne-immunotherapy zimiselwa luhlobo lwesifo, inqanaba, kunye nempilo iyonke yesigulana.
• Ayizizo zonke ii-T-cell lymphomas ezifanayo, ngoko ke ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokuyiqonda kakuhle imeko yakho, unyango kunye nendlela ocinga ngayo.
• Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho, ubuze imibuzo, kwaye wabelane ngeemvakalelo zakho.

Khumbula, awuwedwa kolu hambo. Uxhaswa ngoogqirha, abahlengikazi, usapho kunye nabahlobo. Musa ukunikezela!

I- T-cell lymphoma, i-T-cell Lymphoma, i-lymphoma, umhlaza, ii-lymph nodes, i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma, iimpawu zomhlaza, unyango lomhlaza