Ingaba unayo i-tapeworm emzimbeni wakho? (Usulelo lwe-tapeworm) Masithethe ngale nto!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba, ngamanye amaxesha kukho izinto ezenzekayo emizimbeni yethu esingazaziyo? Kwabanye abantu, xa benengxaki yesisu kunye nokuncipha komzimba, into yokuqala abayicingayo kusulelo lweentshulube ze-tapeworm. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngazo, akunjalo? Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngezi tapeworm.

Yintoni intshulube yentamo?

Ngamafutshane, i-tapeworm yimbungu esisicaba, esidla iintsholongwane. Ihlala emathunjini esilwanyana (oko kukuthi, umnini waso). Izilwanyana ezifana nezinja zethu neekati zethu, kunye neenkomo neehagu, zinokosulelwa zezi zinambuzane, kunye nathi bantu. Ichaphazela ngakumbi izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezitya inyama.

Njengezinye iintsholongwane, le tapeworm ihlala ngaphakathi emzimbeni wesilwanyana sayo, ifunxa izondlo zayo. Intloko yempethu inamathela emathunjini akho, apho itya khona ukutya okucoliweyo apho.

Njengoko ihleli apho, umzimba wembungu uyaqhubeka nokukhula kwaye ubeka amaqanda. La maqanda ahamba emathunjini esilwanyana esisithwalayo aze aphume endle. Yiyo loo ndlela la maqanda afumana ngayo umninimzi omtsha.

Zijongeka njani ezi tapeworms?

Le mbungu ifumene igama layo ngenxa yendlela ebonakala ngayo. Ithe tyaba, njengeteyipu. Umzimba wayo wenziwe ngamacandelo. Imbungu ineenxalenye ezintathu ezahlukeneyo: intloko (enamathela kumninimzi), intamo (evelisa amacandelo amatsha omzimba), kunye nomzimba ongezantsi ohlukeneyo .

Iqhekeza ngalinye le-tapeworm livelisa amaqanda alo. Kwezinye iintlobo ze-tapeworm, la maqhekeza ayaqhekeka kunye namaqanda aze adluliselwe emathunjini omntu ohlala kwindle. La maqhekeza abonakala njengeenkozo ezimhlophe zerayisi . Rhoqo, uphawu lokuqala losulelo lwe-tapeworm kukuvela kwala maqhekeza kwindle.

Yintoni usulelo lwe-tapeworm?

Ukosuleleka yintshulube yehagu kunokubakho ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili:

Iimpethu zamathumbu

Oku kumalunga neempethu eziphuma emaqandeni ngaphakathi emathunjini esilwanyana esisiphetheyo. Ezi mpethu ezindala zinamathela eludongeni lwamathumbu akho kwaye zifunxa izondlo ekutyeni okugayayo apho. Uninzi lwexesha, ezi mpethu azibangeli zimpawu . Abantu abaninzi abazi nokuba banosulelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usulelo lubi kakhulu, unokufumana ukungabikho kokutya okunempilo , ukwehla kobunzima obungachazwanga , isicaphucaphu , okanye urhudo . Ezinye iimpethu zingaphila iminyaka engama-30 kwaye zikhule zibe ziimitha ezingama-30 ubude! Khawuthelekelele loo nto!

Ugqirha wakho angabiza olu sulelo lwe-tapeworm ngokuthi 'i-taeniasis'. Oku kubhekisa kusulelo olubangelwa yi-tapeworms yohlobo lwe-Taenia. Ii-host eziphambili yiTaenia solium (i-tapeworm yengulube), iTaenia saginata (i-tapeworm yenkomo), kunye neTaenia asiatica (i-tapeworm yase-Asia - nayo i-tapeworm yengulube). Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo, ezifana neDiphyllobothrium latum (i-tapeworm yentlanzi) kunye neHymenolepis nana (i-tapeworm encinci - uhlobo oluncinci), nazo ziyasulela amathumbu abantu.

Usulelo lwe-tapeworm oluhlaselayo

Oku kwahlukile kancinci. Olu sulelo oluhlaselayo lwe-parasitic lwenzeka xa iimpethu ze-tapeworm ezingaphakathi emathunjini akho ziphuma emathunjini zingene egazini lakho nakwezinye izitho zomzimba. Ezi mpethu zinamathela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wakho, apho zenza khona ii-cysts. Ezi mpethu zifana neengxowa ezizaliswe lulwelo. Njengoko iimpethu zikhula, ezi mpethu nazo ziyakhula zibe nkulu. Ngokuxhomekeke apho ezi mpethu zikhoyo, zinokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukuba ezi mpethu zenzeka kwiindawo ezifana nemiphunga, isibindi, okanye intliziyo, zinokuba nkulu kangangokuba zinokuphazamisana nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezo zitho. Ukuba ezi mpethu zinamathela kwintambo yomqolo okanye ebuchotsheni, zinokubangela iimpawu zemithambo-luvo ezifana nesifo sokuwa.

Ungayifumana le ntsholongwane nge-tapeworm yamathumbu okanye ngaphandle kwayo. I-tapeworm yengulube (iTaenia solium) ibangela usulelo lwamathumbu, kunye nale cysticercosis ehlaselayo. Ezinye iintlobo ze-tapeworms zisulela abantu abakwinqanaba labo le-larval. Ezi sulelo zinamagama ahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-worm - isifo se-cystic hydatid (echinococcosis), isifo se-alveolar, i-sparganosis kunye ne-coenurosis - kodwa zonke zifana ne-cysts. Ezinye ii-cysts azinabungozi, kodwa ezinye zinokubangela iingxaki kwaye kufuneka zisuswe.

Kuqheleke kangakanani oku?

Usulelo lwe-tapeworm lufumaneka kwihlabathi liphela. Luxhaphake kakhulu kumazwe apho inyama eluhlaza kunye nentlanzi zityiwa rhoqo kwaye apho ucoceko lungekho semgangathweni. Kumazwe afana ne-United States, oku kunqabile kakhulu. Kodwa abantu kuloo mazwe banokuhamba baye kwamanye amazwe baze babuye besulelekile. Xa sijonga kwihlabathi liphela, kunzima ukutsho ngokuthe ngqo ukuba zingaphi na izifo ze-tapeworm ezikhoyo. Kuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi zifo azibangeli zimpawu zicacileyo . Kwakhona, amazwe amaninzi awanazo izixhobo zokuxilonga wonke umntu oneempawu. Ngoko ke, oku kusenokuba yinto eqhelekileyo kunokuba sicinga.

Uziva njani ngale nto?

Iimpethu ezinde zikhula ngamanqanaba amathathu: iqanda, i-larva, kunye ne-elder. Impethu endala ayinakuphila ngaphandle kwe-host. Nangona kunjalo, amaqanda kunye neempethu ziyakwazi. Amaqanda, akhutshwa kwi-host yokuqala kwi-lindle, akhutshwa emhlabeni nasemanzini ajikelezileyo. Apho, angcolisa ukutya namanzi ezinye izilwanyana. Iimpethu ezinde zikhula ngaphakathi kwemizimba yezilwanyana ezitya la maqanda - njengezinambuzane neentlanzi. Abantu bosulelwa ngokutya la maqanda okanye iimpethu bengazi.

Ngamafutshane, kukho iindlela ezimbini:

• Ukuginywa kwamaqanda ngamanzi okanye ukutya okungcolileyo: Abantu abahlala kwiindawo ezinenkqubo yococeko olungekho semgangathweni kunye nenkqubo yococeko olungekho semgangathweni banamathuba amaninzi okufumana le meko. Ukutya namanzi angcoliswe lindle labantu nezilwanyana anokuba namaqanda eempethu ezithambileyo, angabonakaliyo emehlweni. Xa abantu beginywa la maqanda, akhula abe ziimpethu emathunjini. Kulapho ke anokuhambahamba khona. Xa ezi mpethu ziphuma emathunjini, kwenzeka 'usulelo lwe-larval olungenayo' olukhankanyiweyo ngaphambili.
• Ukutya inyama eluhlaza okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle enesifo: Abantu kumazwe aphuhlileyo banamathuba amaninzi okufumana isifo ngale ndlela. Inyama eyosulelekileyo ithetha inyama eneentshulube ze-tapeworm ngaphakathi kuyo. Ukuba ityiwa ngaphandle kokuyipheka kakuhle okanye ukuyinyibilikisa, le intshulube ayizukufa. Iintlanzi ezinkulu zamanzi acocekileyo, ezifana ne-salmon, nazo zinokubangela esi sifo. Xa abantu besitya le nyama inesifo, le ntshulube ingena emathunjini abo, apho ikhula ibe ziintshulube ezinkulu. Kulapho ke kuvela khona isifo seentshulube zamathumbu.

Zithini iimpawu zolu sulelo lwe-tapeworm?

Ukuba uneentshulube zamathumbu, ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo kukuphazamiseka kancinci kwesisu . Usenokungaboni nto. Nangona kunjalo, unokubona izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukuziva ulambile ('Indlala')
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Isicaphucaphu
• Ukudinwa
• Ukuqaqamba kwesisu
• Urhudo

Usulelo lwe-cystic larval alusoloko lubangela zimpawu . Lusenokubonakala njengamaqhuma phantsi kolusu. Okanye lunokubonwa kuphela xa kuvela iingxaki kwizitho zangaphakathi. Oku kudla ngokuthatha iminyaka.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zosulelo lwe-tapeworm?

Iingxaki zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-tapeworm onayo, nokuba ingaphakathi okanye ingaphakathi, kwaye ikwindawo apho ingaphakathi khona i-invasive larvae.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, ezi ngxaki azifumaneki kuye wonke umntu, kodwa kulungile ukuzazi.

• Ukuvaleka kwendlela yokugaya ukutya: Kunqabile kakhulu, ezinye iintshulube zamathumbu zinokukhula ngokwaneleyo ukuvala iindlela zokugaya ukutya, kuquka amathumbu, ileum, i-bile ducts, kunye ne-pancreatic ducts.
• I-anemia yokungabikho kweevithamini: Iimpethu ezibizwa ngokuba zii-tapeworms, ingakumbi ezo zivela kwiintlanzi, ziyakuthanda kakhulu ukufunxa i-vitamin B12. Oku kunokukhokelela kwi-anemia (ukungabikho kwegazi).
• Ii-Allergy: Ii-larvae zinokubangela ii-allergy emzimbeni wakho, ezinje ngokurhawuzelela, ukurhawuzelela, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukukhwehlela kunye nentlungu yesifuba: Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kuvela ii-cysts emiphungeni.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwamalungu omzimba: Ukuba iimbungu zingena esibindini, entliziyweni, emehlweni, okanye emiphungeni, ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kwamalungu omzimba kunokuphazamiseka.
• Iimpawu ze-neurological: Ukuba iintshulube zifikelela kwinkqubo ye-nervous ephakathi (oko kukuthi, ebuchotsheni nakwi-spinal cord), zinokubangela iintloko ezibuhlungu, ukuxhuzula, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, i-meningitis, kunye nokudumba kobuchopho.

Uyazi njani ukuba uneentshulube ze-tapeworm?

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba uneentshulube zamathumbu, jonga indle yakho ukuba azinazo na iziqwenga zeempethu. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, zibukeka njengeenkozo zerayisi. Ukuba uneentshulube zempethu ezihlaselayo, unokubona amaqhuma (ii-cysts) kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ii-cysts zingaphakathi emzimbeni wakho, zisenokungabonakali de zibe nokubangela iingxaki.

Iingxaki zinokwenzeka ukuba ezi cysts ziba nkulu kwaye ziphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi okanye ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwamalungu omzimba. Okanye, iingxaki zinokuvela xa iicysts ziqhuma zize ziqale ukufa. Emva koko iicysts ziphinda zingene egazini. Ngelo xesha, inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela iyaqonda ukuba kukho usulelo. Emva koko uqala ukubonisa iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zosulelo, njengomkhuhlane.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani intsholongwane ye-tapeworm?

Oogqirha baxilonga iimpethu zamathumbu ngokuhlola indle yakho kwilebhu. Banokukhangela amaqanda empethu kunye neziqwenga zeempethu. Banokukuxelela nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwempethu onalo ngokujonga ezinye zeempawu. Iyeza elifanayo linikwa zonke iintlobo, kodwa idosi iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwempethu. Ukuba unempethu yehagu, ugqirha wakho uya kukuvavanya ne-cysticercosis.

Ukujonga ukuba kukho usulelo lweentshulube oluhlaselayo, ugqirha wakho angenza uvavanyo lwegazi kuqala. Oku kuya kujonga ukuba umzimba wakho uvelisa ii-antibodies ezichasene neentshulube. Ukuba uvavanyo lwegazi lubonise ukuba lukhona, okanye ukuba kukho esinye isizathu sokukrokrela ukuba kukho usulelo lweentshulube, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo lomfanekiso (i-scan ejonga ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho) ukujonga ii-cysts. Ii-MRI kunye ne-CT scans zilungile kakhulu ekujongeni izicubu ezingaphakathi emzimbeni wakho.

Ungayisusa njani i-tapeworm?

Le yeyona nto ilungileyo! Kukho amayeza e-anthelmintic anokubulala ii-tapeworm ngokulula . Imizekelo ibandakanya i-praziquantel (Biltricide®), i-albendazole (Albenza®), kunye ne-nitazoxanide (Alinia®). Oogqirha badla ngokucebisa i-praziquantel kuba iyayikhubaza impethu, iyenze ikhululeke eludongeni lwamathumbu. Kubalulekile ukuba intamo yempethu isuswe kwaye iphume emzimbeni, kuba impethu ingakhula ibuyele entanyeni. Nokuba emva konyango, ugqirha wakho uya kujonga indle yakho inyanga enye ukuya kwezintathu ukuze abone ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu zosulelo lwempethu.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zokosuleleka yi-larvae ehlaselayo?

Oogqirha balandela indlela yokunyanga inyathelo ngenyathelo koku:

• ``Linda ulinde``:Ukuba ii-cysts azibangeli ngxaki okanye azikho kwindawo eyingozi, ugqirha usenokuthi musa ukwenza nto ngazo okwangoku. Baza kuzijonga nje.
• Ulawulo lweempawu zesibini: Ukuba ithumba libangela iingxaki, ingakumbi ezo zemithambo-luvo, ezo mpawu kuya kufuneka zinyangwe kuqala. Oku kungabandakanya amayeza okulwa nokuxhuzula okanye unyango lokunciphisa ukwakheka kolwelo engqondweni okanye kufutshane nayo.
• IiCorticosteroids: Amayeza okulwa nokuvuvukala, anjengeecorticosteroids, angasetyenziselwa iithumba ezibangela ukuvuvukala kwezicubu.
• Ii-Anthelmintics: Amayeza e-Anthelmintic anokunceda ukunciphisa iintshulube ezingaphakathi. Ugqirha wakho angakunika amayeza e-anthelmintic kunye ne-corticosteroids ukunceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba okwenzekayo xa iintshulube ziqala ukufa.
• Ukukhupha amanzi: Ukuba kukho amaqhuqhuva abangela iingxaki, oku kungenziwa kwezinye iimeko. Ugqirha unokufaka inaliti kwiqhuqhuva, aligqobhoze, aze akhuphe ulwelo ngenaliti. Ekugqibeleni, baya kuhlamba amaqhuqhuva ngamayeza okulwa neentsholongwane.
• Utyando: Iithumba ezisongela ukusebenza kwamalungu omzimba zisenokufuna ukususwa ngotyando.

Ungaziphepha njani ezi zifo zosulelo lweentshulube ze-tapeworm?

Umngcipheko uphantsi kumazwe aphuhlileyo. Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko unokwanda xa usiya kumazwe asaphuhlayo kwaye usitya inyama nentlanzi eluhlaza okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle. Ngoko ke, landela la macebiso ukuze uphephe ukosuleleka ziimpethu zerhasi:

• Iindlela ezilungileyo zococeko: Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, emva kokusebenzisa izilwanyana, nangaphambi kokuphatha ukutya.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngokukhuselekileyo: Kwiindawo apho amanzi angacocwanga khona, bilisa amanzi umzuzu omnye ngaphambi kokuba uwasele. Okanye, ungawahluza amanzi. Nangona kunjalo, isihluzo kufuneka sibe yi-'absolute 1 micron' okanye ngaphantsi, kwaye iipilisi ze-iodine kufuneka zinyibilikiswe emanzini ahluziweyo.
• Ukulungiselela inyama ngendlela ekhuselekileyo: Sebenzisa i-thermometer yokutya xa upheka inyama. Inyama egayiweyo kufuneka iphekwe ifikelele kubushushu obungaphakathi obuyi-63 degrees Celsius (145 degrees Fahrenheit) kwaye ishiywe imizuzu emithathu ngaphambi kokuba ityiwe. Inyama egayiweyo kufuneka iphekwe ifikelele ku-71 degrees Celsius (160 degrees Fahrenheit). Ukutshaya okanye ukomisa inyama akuyi kuyithintela i-tapeworms.
• Ukulungiswa kwentlanzi ngokukhuselekileyo: Pheka iintlanzi ezinkulu zamanzi acocekileyo ezifana nesalmon ukuya kubushushu bangaphakathi obungama-63 degrees Celsius (145 Fahrenheit). Ukuba utya intlanzi eluhlaza, kukhuselekile ukuyinyibilikisa kakuhle kuqala.. Kwiivenkile zokutyela ezininzi ezilungileyo ze-sushi, iintlanzi ezintsha ziqandisiwe ngokukhawuleza ukuya kuthi ga kwi--35 degrees Celsius (-31 degrees Fahrenheit). Emva koko zibamba iintlanzi kwi--20 degrees Celsius (-4 degrees Fahrenheit) malunga neeyure ezingama-24. Ngaphandle kokuqandisa nzulu, i-FDA ifuna ukuba iintlanzi ziqandiswe kwi--20 degrees Celsius (-4 degrees Fahrenheit) kangangeentsuku ezisixhenxe ukubulala iintsholongwane.

Kuza kude kube nini ndinesifo seentshulube ze-tapeworm?

Kungathatha ixesha ukuqonda ukuba unosulelo lwe-tapeworm. Iimpawu zisenokungabonakali kangangeenyanga okanye iminyaka. Kodwa xa sele ifunyenwe kwaye inyangiwe, i-peas iya kufa ize iphele emzimbeni wakho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba awuzange uyibone, i-tapeworm iya kufa ize iphele emzimbeni wakho emva kweminyaka emininzi.

Ukuba unentsholongwane ye-tapeworm ehlaselayo, kwaye akukho zimpawu okanye iingxaki ezivela kwi-cysts, ugqirha wakho mhlawumbi uya kukuxelela ukuba ungenzi nto ngayo. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, i-tapeworms iya kufa emva kweminyaka embalwa yobomi bayo. Ngamanye amaxesha abantu bafumanisa kuphela xa sele befa kwaye kuvela impendulo yokudumba.

Ukuba une-tapeworm ehlaselayo ebangela iingxaki, mhlawumbi sele ukhe wayinaso okwethutyana. Nje ukuba ugqirha wakho ayifumane, uza kuyisusa i-tapeworm enengxaki aze asebenzele ukulawula iimpawu zakho. Ukususa i-tapeworm kufanele kuncede ekunciphiseni iimpawu zakho. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, kusenokuba kukho umonakalo ongenakulungiseka kumalungu akho okanye kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi.

Ndingazinyamekela njani ukuba ndinosulelo lwe-tapeworm olungenazimpawu?

Ukuba uphila nosulelo lwe-tapeworm olungenazimpawu, olunganyangwanga, khangela iimpawu ezintsha ezikhula ngokuhamba kwexesha. Wena nogqirha wakho nobabini niya kwazi apho i-cysts ikhoyo emzimbeni wakho. Ngoko ke qaphela naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga kwezo ndawo. Khangela naziphi na iimpawu zokudumba okanye impendulo yomzimba enokwenzeka njengoko i-cysts iqala ukufa. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okulawula iimpawu zakho.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Iimpawu zosulelo lwe-tapeworm, ukuba ziyenzeka, zinokwahluka kakhulu. Ingakumbi kusulelo lwe-tapeworm. Usenokungazi ukuba iimpawu zakho zinxulumene ne-tapeworm. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uneempawu ezingaqhelekanga, soloko uqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho . Ukuba unesizathu sokurhanela ukuba usulelo lwe-tapeworm, njengohambo lwakutshanje oluya kwelinye ilizwe okanye ukutya ukutya okungaphekwanga kakuhle, qiniseka ukuba uyakhankanya. Ukuba ubona naziphi na iziqwenga ze-peas kwi-tune yakho, yivavanye ngoko nangoko .

Okokugqibela, khumbula oku.

Ukosuleleka yi-tapeworm kusenokuvakala kusoyikisa kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwexesha, iimpawu azibalulekanga kangako. Nje ukuba zifunyanwe, zinokunyangwa ngokulula. Iingxaki zihlala zikhula emva kweminyaka emininzi. Kwilizwe eliphuhlileyo, amathuba akho okufumana usulelo lwe-tapeworm aphantsi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usiya kumazwe asaphuhlayo okanye utya inyama eluhlaza okanye intlanzi, qaphela iimpawu ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwesisu. Ukuba uneempawu, jonga indle yakho ukuze ubone iimpawu ze-peas. Ukuba uneengxaki, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokufumana uvavanyo lwendle. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphepha naziphi na iingxaki ezivela kusulelo lwe-tapeworm .

Ngoko ke, akukho nto yokoyika. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba uqaphele kwaye ulumke!

Iintshulube zeTape, Usulelo, I-Parasite, Amathumbu, Iimpawu, Ucoceko