Ngaba umntwana wakho unale mikhwa? Masithethe ngeengxaki zokungcangcazela kunye nokuphazamiseka kokungcangcazela!

Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci ngamanye amaxesha uyaqhwanyaza rhoqo? Okanye ushukumisa amahlombe akhe? Mhlawumbi wenza nje isandi esicacileyo? Njengomama okanye utata, kuqhelekile ukuba uzive unexhala kwaye usoyika xa ubona izinto ezinje. Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba yi-tics . Ezi asizozinto ozenzayo ngabom, zenzeka ngokuzenzekela. Akukho nto yokoyika, masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula.

Zithini iiTics? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, iintshukumo ezikhawulezileyo okanye izandi ezenzeka ngequbuliso emzimbeni wakho ngokungazikhetheli nangokuphindaphindiweyo. Azilawuleki. Zingaba zizinto ezifana nokuqhwanyaza amehlo, ukushukumisa amahlombe akho, okanye ukwenza nje isandi esithi "hum" emqaleni wakho. Zinokwenzeka naphi na emzimbeni wakho - ebusweni bakho, emagxeni, ezingalweni, emilenzeni. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi ntshukumo zinokutshintsha ngamaxesha athile.

Ngokwesiqhelo, i-tic ilandelwa kukungonwabi okuthile emzimbeni, okanye ukuziva ungxamisekile. Abanye abantu banokuyibamba i-tic okwethutyana, kodwa ayikhululeki kakhulu. Ukungonwabi kuyaphela emva kokuba i-tic iphelile.

Ezi ntshukumo zidla ngokuvela ebantwaneni, ingakumbi abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-5 neli-10. Azisoloko zinzima kwaye zinokuncipha okanye ziyeke ngokupheleleyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ezi ntshukumo zinokuba luphawu lwesifo esinzima sentshukumo esifuna unyango.

Ziziphi iintlobo ze-tics ezikhoyo?

Sahlulahlula ii-tics zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili: ii-motor tics, ezibandakanya iintshukumo zomzimba, kunye nee-Vocal tics, ezibandakanya ilizwi. Zombini ezi zinto zahlulwe zibe "lula" kunye "nezintsonkothileyo."

I-motor tics idla ngokuza kuqala, ilandelwe yi-verbal tics. Kwakhona, i-simple tics ibonakala ngaphambi kwe-complex tics.

IiMoto ezilula zeTics

Ezi ziintshukumo ezimfutshane kakhulu, ezikhawulezileyo ezibandakanya iqela elinye okanye ambalwa emisipha.

• Iintshukumo zamehlo ezifana nokuqhwanyaza rhoqo nokuqengqeleka kwamehlo
• Ukwenza ubuso obumuncu, ukuzenza isidenge
• Ukugona ngegxalaba
• Ukungcangcazela kwentloko okanye igxalaba

Iintetho zeVocal ezilula

Ezi nazo zizandi ezimfutshane nezikhawulezileyo.

• Ukucoca umphimbo rhoqo
• Ukwenza ingxolo efana nokukrwela impumlo
• Ukwenza isandi esifana nesenja ekhonkothayo
• Ukwenza izandi ezimfutshane ezifana nokuthi "hum", "ah"

IiMotor Tics Ezintsonkothileyo

Ezi ziindlela zokuhamba ezicwangcisiweyo nezidibeneyo. Zibandakanya amaqela ahlukeneyo emisipha emzimbeni asebenza ngaxeshanye.

• Iintshukumo ezifanayo, njengokubamba igxalaba nokujika intloko ngelixa usenza ubuso.
• Ukuchukumisa nokuhlola into ethile, ukuyichukumisa (umz., ukuchukumisa ikona yetafile, ukuchukumisa incwadi).
• Ukutsiba, ukutsiba phezulu.
• Ukugoba, ukujika.

Iintetho Ezintsonkothileyo Zelizwi

Ezi zintsonkothile kancinci kunezandi nje, kwaye zingaba ngamagama okanye amabinzana.

• Ukuphinda amagama okanye amabinzana abawathethileyo.
• Ukuphindaphinda amagama okanye amabinzana athethwa ngabanye kanye njengoko kuthethwa (sibiza oku ngokuba yi-Echolalia ).
• Ukusebenzisa ulwimi olungafanelekanga, olungcolileyo, okanye olungcolileyo (silubiza ngokuba yiCoprolalia ). Oku akusiyo into eyenziwa ngumntwana ngabom, kodwa yinto eyenzeka ngokungalawulekiyo.

Ngoko ke, zithini izifo ezibangelwa kukungakhathali?

Iingxaki zeTic ziimeko ezichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Zizo ezibangela umntu ukuba abe ne-tics. Ezi tics kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nazo zinokuqala kwezincinci ukuya kwezinzima . Uninzi lwexesha, i-tics incinci kwaye ayifuni unyango. Ihlala iphela njengoko abantwana bekhula. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, unyango luyadingeka ukulawula i-tics kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo ezihambisana nazo.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeengxaki ze-tic?

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeengxaki ze-tic. Ezi zahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-tic olukhoyo (ukunyakaza, ukuthetha, okanye zombini) kunye nokuba iimpawu zihlala ixesha elingakanani.

1. Isifo Sokuphazamiseka Kwengqondo Esifutshane / Isifo Sokuphazamiseka Kwengqondo Esifutshane:

• Aba bantu bebene-motortics okanye i-talking (enye okanye zombini) ixesha elingaphantsi konyaka .
• Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwesifo sokushukuma kwengqondo. Malunga ne-10% yabantwana abakwiminyaka yabo yokuqala yesikolo banokuhlangabezana nale meko.
• Ngokutsho kwe-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) , isikhokelo esisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuxilonga iingxaki zengqondo, olu xilongo lunikwa ukuba:
• Kufuneka kubekho intshukumo enye okanye ezingaphezulu, okanye intshukumo enye okanye ezingaphezulu zokuthetha.
• Iintakumba azinakuba khona ixesha elingaphezu konyaka.
• I-Tics kufuneka ukuba yaqala ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele kwiminyaka eli-18 ubudala.
• Ezi mpawu azinakubangelwa yenye imeko yezonyango (umz., usulelo lobuchopho) okanye ngamayeza okanye iziyobisi ezithathwayo.
• Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ufumene olunye uxilongo lokuba une-tic.

2. Isifo Sokushukuma Esingapheliyo/Esingapheliyo:

• Aba bantu bebene-motortics okanye i-verbal tics (hayi zombini ngaxeshanye, uhlobo olunye kuphela) ixesha elingaphezu konyaka .
• Le meko ibonakala kubantwana abangaphantsi kwe-1% abakwiminyaka yokufunda esikolweni.
• Ngokutsho kwe- (DSM-5) , kolu xilongo:
• Kufuneka kubekho intshukumo enye okanye ezingaphezulu, okanye intshukumo enye okanye ezingaphezulu zomlomo (hayi zombini).
• IiTics kufuneka zenzeke izihlandlo ezininzi ngemini, phantse yonke imihla, okanye ngamanye amaxesha, kangangeenyanga ezingaphezu kwe-12.
• I-Tics kufuneka ukuba yaqala ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele kwiminyaka eli-18 ubudala.
• Ezi mpawu azinakubangelwa yenye imeko yezonyango okanye ngamayeza okanye iziyobisi ezithathwayo.
• Akunakwenzeka ukuba ufunyaniswe uneTourette Syndrome.

3. Isifo seTourette:

• Aba bantu bebene-motortics kunye ne-talking (zombini ezi ntlobo) ixesha elingaphezu konyaka.Nantsi lapho.
• Olu luthathwa njengolona hlobo lubi kakhulu lwesifo esithwalwa ziincukuthu.
• Ngokutsho kwe- (DSM-5) , kolu xilongo:
• Kufuneka kubekho iintshukumo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kunye nentshukumo enye yomlomo (akufuneki ukuba zibekho ngaxeshanye).
• IiTics kufuneka zibe khona ubuncinane unyaka wonke. Ezi zinokwenzeka amaxesha amaninzi ngemini (ngesiqhelo kwiziqendu ezincinci neziqhubekayo), phantse yonke imihla, okanye ngamanye amaxesha.
• I-Tics kufuneka ukuba yaqala ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele kwiminyaka eli-18 ubudala.
• Ezi mpawu azinakubangelwa yenye imeko yezonyango okanye ngamayeza okanye iziyobisi ezithathwayo.

Zixhaphake kangakanani izifo zokushukuma kwengqondo?

Iingxaki ze-tic zixhaphake kakhulu kunokuba unokucinga. Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba umntwana omnye kwabangama-50 unokuba ne-Tourette Syndrome okanye esinye isifo se-tic .

Uziva njani xa unesifo sokuqaqamba kwamalungu omzimba?

Ngaphambi kokuba kubekho i-tic, ungaziva unqwenela kakhulu ukuyenza loo nto. Njengomnqweno wokukrwela indawo erhawuzelelayo, okanye ukuziva ngathi kukho i-crotch ephumayo. Uhlobo loxinzelelo luyakheka kwindawo yomzimba apho i-tic iza kwenzeka khona, kwaye xa i-tic isenzeka, olo xinzelelo luyaphela okwethutyana kwaye uzive ukhululekile.

Ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka ukulawula i-tic imizuzwana embalwa ukuya kwimizuzu embalwa, kodwa kufuna umgudu omkhulu. Ekugqibeleni, loo mnqweno awusanyamezeleki.

Kunzima kakhulu ukulawula i-tic xa kukho uxinzelelo oluninzi . Izinto ezifana noxinzelelo kunye nokudinwa zinokunyusa i-tic. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ngamanye amaxesha i-tic iyanda xa umzimba uphumle okanye xa uwedwa. Ukuba umntu uthetha nge-tic okanye uyikhomba, i-tic nayo inokwanda. Nangona kunjalo, i-tic ayisoloko isenzeka xa ulele . Kwakhona, i-tic inokuncipha xa ugxile kwinto ethile (umz. umsebenzi wesikolo, omnye umsebenzi).

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iintlobo eziyingozi nezinzulu zokungcangcazela?

Ewe, ezinye iintshukumo zomzimba zinokuba yingozi. Umzekelo, ezinye iintshukumo zomzimba zinokubangela ukuba uzibethe ebusweni okanye zibangele intlungu entanyeni ngokushukumisa intamo yakho rhoqo.

I-Coprolalia , esithethe ngayo ngaphambili, kukuthetha amagama namabinzana angafanelekanga, kwaye inokuba yingxaki enkulu. Oku kunokwenza umntwana abonakale ngathi ukhathaza abanye ngabom okanye uziphethe kakubi. Kodwa eneneni yinkanuko engalawulekiyo. Abantwana abane-coprolalia banokohlwaywa ngokungeyomfuneko esikolweni nasekhaya, kwaye banokuxhatshazwa ngabanye abantwana . I-Coprolalia inokuchaphazela phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-15% yabantwana abane-Tourette syndrome.

Yintoni ebangela ukungcangcazela?

Abaphandi abakakwazi ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo we-tic.Ewe. Kodwa ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba oku kubangelwa lutshintsho kwiindawo zengqondo ezilawula intshukumo. Kwakhona, ekubeni i-tics inokudluliselwa ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwesinye (iintsapho zebhayoloji), kucingelwa ukuba kunokubakho unxibelelwano lwemfuza .

Ezinye iimeko ezinokubonwa kunye nezifo ezithwalwa ziikhakhayi ziquka:

• Ingxaki Yokunqongophala Kwengqalelo/Ukuphazamiseka Kokusebenza Kakhulu (ADHD)
• Ingxaki Yokuxhalaba
• Isifo Sokuxhalaba Okugqithisileyo (OCD)

Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu abanezinye iimeko zempilo, ezifana nesifo sikaHuntington okanye i-encephalitis (usulelo lobuchopho), banokuba neentshukumo ezifana ne-tics okanye i-tic. I-tics inokubakho emva kokusebenzisa iziyobisi, ezifana ne -cocaine okanye i-amphetamines . Nangona kunjalo, i-tics ebangelwa zezi meko okanye iziyobisi azithathwa njengeengxaki ze-tic.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wale meko?

IiTics zixhaphake kakhulu ebuntwaneni, ingakumbi ebuntwaneni bokuqala . Abantwana banokuba neeTics beselula nje ngeminyaka emi-4 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, le meko ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka emi-5 neli-10 ubudala. Kwakhona, abafana banamathuba amaninzi okufumana iiTics kunamantombazana.

Zifunyaniswa njani izifo ezibangelwa kukungakhathali?

Ugqirha womntwana wakho uza kumhlola aze amamele ngenyameko iimpawu zakhe. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, thatha ividiyo okanye ezimbini zomntwana wakho enesifo sokuqaqamba kwamalungu omzimba . Oku kuya kunceda ugqirha abone kanye kanye ukuba umntwana wakho uphila njani.

Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-tics kunye nokuba sele ihlale ixesha elingakanani, ugqirha unokugqiba ukuba umntwana unesifo se-tic. Ugqirha unokufuna ukujonga nezinye iimeko ezinokuhamba ne-tics, njenge -ADHD okanye i-OCD .

Zinyangwa njani izifo ezibangelwa kukungakhathali?

Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobunzima bemeko yomntwana. Ukuba imeko yomntwana incinci, akukho nyango lunokufuneka . IiTics nazo zinokuphela zodwa. Amacebiso alula okuzinceda, njengokuphepha uxinzelelo kunye nokudinwa, anokuba luncedo kubantwana abaninzi.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukungcangcazela komntwana wakho kukhulu kwaye kuphazamisana nobomi bemihla ngemihla , ugqirha unokucebisa unyango lokuziphatha , amayeza , okanye zombini.

Unyango Lokuziphatha

Uqeqesho Lokuguqula ImikhwaNgonyango lokuziphatha, umntwana ufundiswa ukulawula iimpawu zakhe aze afunde impendulo ekhuphisanayo yokutshintsha i-tic. Umzekelo, ukuba i-tic yomntwana ichukumisa amagxa, ingcali yezonyango ingaziqhelisa ukubamba iingalo zomntwana zilulwe de umnqweno wokuchukumisa igxalaba uphele.

Olunye unyango yi- Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) . Olu nyango lunceda abantwana abadala ukuba balawule ii-tics zabo. Lubandakanya uqeqesho lokuguqula imikhwa, imfundo yee-tics, kunye neendlela zokuphumla.

Ngelixa enika unyango lokuziphatha, ugqirha wengqondo womntwana unokukunika iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokuxhasa umntwana njengentsapho kwaye uqinisekise ukuba umntwana ufumana inkxaso yemfundo ayidingayo.

Amayeza

Ukuba ukushukuma kuyaqhubeka kwaye kuphazamisa ubomi bomntwana, amayeza okushukuma anokunceda.

Kwi-tics ezincinci: Amayeza anjenge -clonidine kunye ne-guanfacine anokunceda. La mayeza akwasetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-ADHD kunye nexhala, njengoko ezi meko zinokuhambelana ne-tics.

Kwi-tics enzima ngakumbi: Amayeza e-neuroleptic , anjenge -aripiprazole kunye ne-olanzapine, angasebenza. La mayeza asebenza ngokutshintsha imiphumo yee -neurotransmitters ezilawula iintshukumo zomzimba.

I-tics ingahlala ixesha elingakanani?

IiTics zihlala ziphucuka ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye zinokuphela ngokupheleleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha iTics inokuhlala iinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela, kodwa rhoqo ziyafika zidlule iminyaka.

IiTics zinzima kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka esi-8 neli-17. IiTics zihlala zincipha kwaye zinyamalale zodwa emva kokufikisa.

Ngaba iintshukumo zomzimba zinokuthintelwa?

Izazinzulu azikakwazi ukuqonda ukuba kutheni abanye abantu benesifo sokungcangcazela ngoxa abanye bengenaso, ngoko ke asinakuthintelwa .

Ukuba umntwana wam unesifo sokukrala, ndingamnyamekela njani?

Ukuba umntwana wakho uneengxaki ezincinci, la macebiso alula anokukunceda:

• Ziphephe ixhala noxinzelelo: Fumana umsebenzi umntwana wakho awuthandayo nowonwabisayo. Umzekelo, umdlalo okanye into ayithandayo. Iingcinga zinganda xa umntwana wakho eziva exinezelekile okanye exhalabile. Xa umntwana wakho esenza umsebenzi, uya kuba nomdla ngakumbi kwaye angaxinezeleki kakhulu.
• Kuphephe ukudinwa: Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunokwanda njengoko umntwana edinwa ngakumbi.Jonga ukuba ulala kamnandi na ebusuku.
• Zama ukungawunaki umkhuba womntwana wakho wokungcangcazela: Musa ukunikel’ ingqalelo ngokungeyomfuneko kwimikhwa yomntwana wakho yokungcangcazela. Ukuthetha ngayo nokucinga ngayo kunokuyenza ibe mandundu le mikhwa.
• Musa ukumohlwaya: Musa ukumngxolisa umntwana wakho xa edlala okanye umxelele ukuba ayeke. Le yinto engaphaya kwamandla akhe. Ukucaphuka okanye ukumgxeka akuyi kuyisombulula ingxaki.
• Thuthuzela kwaye ukhuthaze umntwana: Menze umntwana aqonde ukuba yonke into ilungile kwaye akukho nto yokuhlazeka. Menze azive ngathi unaye.
• Yazisa abanye kwangaphambili: Yazisa abahlobo nezalamane malunga nokuthamba komntwana wakho kwangaphambili. Ngale ndlela, baya kuyazi loo nto kwaye abayi koyika okanye baphendule kakhulu xa kuvela ukuthamba.
• Sebenzisana nesikolo somntwana wakho: Gcina ootitshala bomntwana wakho kunye nabanye abasebenzi besikolo benolwazi malunga ne-tics yomntwana wakho. Ukuba i-tics yomntwana wakho ibangela iingxaki esikolweni, sebenzisana nabo ukuze ufumane izisombululo. Umntwana wakho usenokufuna indawo eyahlukileyo okanye ixesha elongezelelweyo ngexesha leemviwo.

Ndingamsa nini umntwana wam kugqirha?

Ezinye iintshukumo azibalulekanga kangako. Ukuba iintshukumo zomntwana wakho zincinci kwaye akukho ngxaki, usenokungadingi ukubona ugqirha. Iintshukumo zisenokuphela zodwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhathazekile ngeentshukumo zomntwana wakho, okanye ukuba iintshukumo zinje ngezi, yenza idinga lokubona ugqirha:

• Ukuba kwenzeka rhoqo, okanye ukuba kuya kusiba mandundu okanye kwenzeka rhoqo.
• Ukuba kubangela iingxaki zentlalo okanye zeemvakalelo (umz. ukuxhatshazwa ngabanye abantwana, iintloni).
• Ukuba ibangela intlungu okanye ukungakhululeki .
• Ukuba iphazamisana nomsebenzi wesikolo okanye eminye imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.
• Ukuba kuza nomsindo, ukudakumba, okanye iingcinga zokuzilimaza.

Yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze ugqirha womntwana wam?

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-tics, ungambuza ugqirha imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngaba ukungcangcazela komntwana wam kuncinci okanye kunzulu ngakumbi?
• Ngaba umntwana wam unesifo sokushukuma kwengqondo?
• Ukuba kunjalo, loluphi uhlobo lwesifo esithwalwa ziincukuthu umntwana wam anaso?
• Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ozicebisayo?
• Ngaba la maqhuqhuva aza kuziphelela ngokwawo?
• Le meko ingayichaphazela njani indlela umntwana wam afunda ngayo kunye nobudlelwane bakhe nabantu? Ndingenza ntoni ngayo?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuqhelekile ukuziva ukhathazekile, uxinezelekile, kwaye usoyika xa umntwana wakho eba ne-tic. Nangona kunjalo, nangona i-tic inokuba yoyikisa, ayisoloko iyinto embi kangako . Enyanisweni, i-tic encinci idla ngokuziphelela.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba umntwana wakho afumane uthando lwakho, ukuqonda kunye nenkxaso.Menze umntwana aqonde ukuba akayedwa, kwaye oku akulona ityala lakhe.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukushukuma komntwana wakho kuxhaphakile, kuqatha, okanye kuphazamisana nemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla okanye umsebenzi wesikolo, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko. Ugqirha uya kukwazi ukuhlola ngononophelo ukushukuma komntwana wakho aze agqibe ukuba loluphi unyango olungcono, ukuba lukhona. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungabi naxhala, kodwa kukufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo kunye neengcebiso zonyango.

Iingxaki ze- tic, izifo ze-tic, izifo ze-neurological, unyango lokuziphatha, i-Tourette syndrome, impilo yengqondo yabantwana, iingxaki zokuhamba