Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kwaye ungaqinisekanga xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelela okanye umntu okwintsapho yakho ukuba kufuneka wenze i-tracheostomy. Kuyamangalisa ukuva ukuba uza kwenza umngxuma entanyeni yakho kwaye ufake ityhubhu ukuze uphefumle, akunjalo? Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Le yinkqubo yezonyango ebaluleke kakhulu enokusindisa ubomi kwaye ithintele ubunzima bokuphefumla. Siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-tracheostomy?
I-tracheostomy yinkqubo yotyando edala umngxuma ngaphambili entanyeni yakho, ngqo kumbhobho womoya (i-trachea). Emva koko kufakwa umbhobho we-tracheostomy ngomngxuma oya kumbhobho womoya. Oku kuvumela umoya ukuba ungene ngqo emiphungeni yakho xa unengxaki yokuphefumla ngomlomo nangempumlo.
Oogqirha badla ngokubiza le nkqubo kunye naloo mvulo ngokuthi 'yi-tracheostomy.' Ngoko ke musa ukudideka ngaloo nto.
Kutheni kuyimfuneko ukwenza olu hlobo lotyando?
Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba umntu angadinga i-tracheostomy. Ngamanye amaxesha sisisombululo sexeshana, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha sisisombululo esihlala sihleli. Makhe sijonge izizathu eziphambili.
| Isizathu sesidingo | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuvaleka kwendlela yomoya | Indlela yokungena komoya ngomlomo okanye empumlweni iyancitshiswa okanye ivalwe ngokupheleleyo ngesizathu esithile (ngenxa yethumba, ukudumba, okanye ingozi). Ukufuthwa kwenziwa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukwenza oku. |
| Ukubonelela ngokuphefumla okwenziweyo ixesha elide | Ukuba isigulana kufuneka siqhagamshelwe kwi-ventilator ixesha elingaphezu kweveki ngenxa yemeko yempilo, efana nokukhubazeka, okanye ingozi enkulu, kulula ngakumbi ukuba isigulana sibe ne-tracheostomy. |
| Ubunzima bokususa i-mucus | Ezinye izifo zenza kube nzima ukususa kakuhle i-mucus kunye ne-secretion eqokelelana emiphungeni xa ukhohlela. Ukufunxa i-mucus ngale tube kulula kakhulu. |
| Emva kotyando olukhulu | Isetyenziselwa ukunceda ukuphefumla emva kotyando olukhulu kwibhokisi yelizwi okanye emqaleni ide indawo iphole. |
Ulungiselela njani utyando?
Ukuba olu lutyando olucwangcisiweyo, ugqirha wakho uza kukunika imiyalelo yendlela yokululungiselela. Ekubeni ludla ngokwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia eqhelekileyo, unokucelwa ukuba ungatyi okanye usele iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando kwaye uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza athile.
Ekubeni uza kuba sesibhedlele iintsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa emva kotyando, kuya kufuneka ulungiselele izinto ezifunekayo.
- Impahla nezinto zobuqu: Iimpahla zokulala ezikhululekileyo, ibrashi yamazinyo, kunye nesepha.
- Amayeza owasebenzisayo: Ukuba sele uwasebenzisa amayeza esifo esithile, qiniseka ukuba uwaphatha loo mayeza.
- Into onokuyonwabela: Kungumbono olungileyo ukuzisa into eza kukugcine wonwabile, njengencwadi okanye iphephandaba, ngelixa usesibhedlele.
- Izixhobo zonxibelelwano: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Usenokungakwazi ukuthetha kwangoko emva kotyando. Ngoko ke, gcina ipeni nephepha, okanye i-smartphone okanye i-tablet yakho kufutshane ukuze unxibelelane noogqirha, abahlengikazi kunye nabantu obathandayo.
Lwenziwa njani utyando?
Utyando lwe-tracheostomy lunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili.
Utyando oluvulekileyo lwendabuko (i-Open Tracheotomy)
Oku kwenziwa kwigumbi lotyando. Okokuqala, uza kulaliswa (i-anesthesia eqhelekileyo). Emva koko ugqirha uza kwenza utyando oluncinci entanyeni yakho, ngaphantsi nje kwe-apile yakho ka-Adam. Utyando luza kwenziwa ngodonga lombhobho wakho womoya, kwenze umngxuma omkhulu ngokwaneleyo wokufaka ityhubhu ye-tracheostomy. Nje ukuba ityhubhu ifakiwe, iya kufakwa ikhola ejikeleze intamo yakho ukuze ingashukumi. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokufakwa izitishi ezimbalwa zexeshana. Ukuba awukwazi ukuphefumla wedwa, le tyhubhu iya kuqhagamshelwa ngqo kwi-ventilator.
I-Percutaneous Tracheostomy
Le yinkqubo entsha. Inokwenziwa rhoqo esibhedlele esikufutshane nebhedi yakho. Akukho sithuba sikhulu. Endaweni yoko, ugqirha usebenzisa inaliti ukwenza umngxuma entanyeni yakho nakwi-windpipe yakho. Emva koko, ucingo ludluliselwa emngxunyeni, kwaye ityhubhu yeplastiki (i-catheter) ifakwa kuyo, ikhulisa umngxuma kancinci kancinci. Emva koko, kufakwa ityhubhu ye-tracheostomy.
Le ndlela idla ngokuba lula ngakumbi kwisigulana, kuba akukho nxeba likhulu kwaye ixesha lokuphiliswa lingancitshiswa.
Zithini iingenelo kunye neengozi zoku?
Eyona nzuzo iphambili kukuba inokunceda ekusindiseni ubomi xa ezinye iindlela zokuphefumla zingenakwenzeka. Kulula kakhulu kwisigulana kune-intubation. Ikwaluncedo olukhulu kwizigulana eziqala ukuphefumla zodwa emva kokususwa kwi-ventilator.
Kodwa njengalo naluphi na utyando, kukho iingozi ezithile ezibandakanyekileyo. Kodwa khumbula, oogqirha benza konke okusemandleni abo ukunciphisa ezi ngozi.
- Ukopha kunye nosulelo.
- Ukonakala kwi-esophagus okanye kwi-trachea.
- Ukuncitshiswa kwendlela yokungenisa umoya ngenxa yesilonda okanye ukudumba.
- Ukonakala kwimithambo-luvo elawula iintambo zelizwi (imithambo-luvo yelaryngeal ephindaphindayo).
- Ukuvaleka kwetyhubhu yetracheostomy ngenxa ye-mucus okanye amahlwili egazi.
- Umoya uvaleleke phantsi kwesikhumba esijikeleze ityhubhu okanye emiphungeni.
- Ukuvulwa okungaqhelekanga (i-fistula) phakathi komphimbo womoya kunye nomqala (oku kunokubangela ukuba ukutya neziselo zidlulele emiphungeni).
Uninzi lwezi ngozi lunokuphetshwa ngokugcina ityhubhu icocekile kwaye ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha ngononophelo.
Uziqhelanisa njani nobomi emva kotyando?
Emva kotyando, iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukunyamekela kakuhle. Kudla ngokuthatha malunga neeveki ezimbini ukuba inxeba liphole ngokupheleleyo. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive iintlungu zentamo ngeli xesha. Kuthatha usuku okanye ezimbini ukuqhela ukuphefumla ngetyhubhu.
Ukhathalelo lweTracheostomy
Ngaphambi kokuba ugoduke usuka esibhedlele, abasebenzi bomongikazi baza kunika wena kunye nomnakekeli wakho imiyalelo eneenkcukacha zendlela yokucoca ityhubhu ekhaya (ngesiqhelo ubuncinane kabini ngemini) kunye nokuyifunxa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ulandele le miyalelo ngokuchanekileyo.
Ukuthetha
Emva kwexesha elithile, uya kukwazi ukuthetha, kodwa kufuneka uziqhelanise. Oku kudla ngokubandakanya ukugquma ukuvulwa kombhobho ngomnwe wakho nokuthetha ngelixa uvuthela umoya emlonyeni wakho. Ingcali yezifo zolwimi lokuthetha (SLP) iya kukubonisa indlela yokwenza oku. Kukwakho neevalvu ezikhethekileyo zokuthetha ezikunceda uthethe ngaphandle kokugquma umnwe wakho.Yiba nomonde, kwaye uya kukwazi ukuthetha ngcono njengoko uqhele.
Ukutya
Ekuqaleni, kunokuba nzima ukuginya ukutya nokusela. Ngeli xesha, uya kunikwa ukutya nge-IV okanye ngetyhubhu yokondla. Ingcali yokuthetha iya kukufundisa imithambo yokuphucula izakhono zakho zokuginya, kwaye uya kukwazi ukutya ngendlela eqhelekileyo kancinci kancinci.
Xa kufuneka ufowunele ugqirha ngoko nangoko
Emva kokubuyela ekhaya, ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo , fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
| Iimpawu ezifuna ingqalelo ekhawulezileyo | |
|---|---|
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla | Ukuba uziva ngathi unengxaki yokuphefumla. |
| Utshintsho kwisantya sentliziyo | Ukuba isantya sentliziyo sinyuka ngendlela engaqhelekanga okanye asihlali sinjalo. |
| Intlungu ebuhlungu | Ukuba unentlungu enzima engapheziyo nokuba sele usele amayeza. |
| Iimpawu zosulelo | Umkhuhlane, ukubomvu, ukudumba, ubushushu, okanye ubomvu kwindawo yotyando. |
| Ukuvaleka okanye ukukhululeka kwetyhubhu | Impumlo ekwityhubhu inokuthi ivaleke, idumbe, okanye ityhubhu ingathi ikhululeke okanye ikhululeke. |
Nangona ukuva ukuba udinga i-tracheostomy kunokoyikisa, kudla ngokuba yindlela esindisa ubomi nekhuselekileyo. Ngoncedo lweqela lakho lezonyango, ungaziqhelanisa nale meko intsha, wenze izinto ozithandayo, kwaye uphile ubomi obonwabisayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Tracheostomy lutyando olukhuselekileyo lokwenza ukuphefumla kube lula. Musa ukoyika.
- Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, isenokuba sisisombululo sexeshana okanye esisisigxina.
- Ukunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo nangokucocekileyo ityhubhu ye-tracheostomy kubalulekile ukuthintela iingxaki.
- Ngoncedo lukagqirha wakho, abasebenzi bomongikazi, kunye nogqirha wengqondo, uya kukwazi ukuthetha, ukutya, nokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo kwakhona.
- Ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki okanye amathandabuzo, ungaze ungathandabuzi ukubonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
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