Unyanga njani kanye kanye ukudumba okubangelwa sisifo sakho sesifuba? Masithethe!

Ukuba une-asthma, unokufumana kunzima ukuphefumla ngamanye amaxesha. Ukuziva uxinezelekile esifubeni sakho kunye nokuphefumla ziimpawu eziphambili ze-asthma. Isizathu esiphambili soku kukudumba ngaphakathi kwimigudu yakho yomoya, okanye oko sikubiza ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-'inflammation' . Oku kudumba kubangela ukuba imigudu yakho yomoya ibe mncinci kwaye izaliswe yi-mucus, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla.

Yintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-asthma kunye nokuvuvukala?

Ukuba une-asthma, mhlawumbi uyazi ukuba oku kuvutha kubangela ukuba ulwelo lweendlela zakho zomoya ludumbe kwaye lonyuse imveliso ye-mucus. Cinga ngako njengombhobho wamanzi ovalekileyo, okwenza kube nzima ukuba amanzi adlule. Oku kuvutha kwenza iindlela zakho zomoya zibe novakalelo kakhulu. Emva koko, xa izinto ezithile (esizibiza ngokuba "zizinto ezibangela") ezifana nothuli, umsi, kunye ne-dander yezilwanyana zingena emzimbeni wakho, zinokukhawuleza zibangele i-asthma, oko kuthetha ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma .

Yingakho amayeza okulwa nokuvuvukala ebaluleke kakhulu kubantu abane-asthma. Ayayimisa inkqubo ebangela ukuba i-asthma ivuthe. Ngamafutshane, afana nokubeka amanzi emlilweni.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-asthma?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza anokusetyenziswa ukulawula ukudumba okwenzeka kwi-asthma. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Ii-corticosteroids ezifakwa ngqo kwindlela yokuphefumla (esiyibiza ngokuba yi-inhaler).
• Ii-corticosteroids zenkqubo (ezithathwa njengeepilisi okanye ezifakwe emthanjeni) zinikwa ukuze zichaphazele umzimba wonke.
• Ukongeza, kukho amayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-"Mast cell stabilizers" kunye ne-"Leukotriene modifiers". La mayeza anceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba okubangelwa yi-"Corticosteroids".
• Unyango olutsha luyindlela ethi ``Monoclonal antibodies'' okanye ``biologic therapy''. Ezi zijolise ngqo kwiiseli ezibandakanyeka ekuvuvukeni (``eosinophil cells'').

Ngoku masithethe ngeyeza ngalinye ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe .

IiCorticosteroids ezifunxwayo: Umhlobo osenyongweni wokulawula i-asthma!

Ii-corticosteroids ezifuthwayo zezona zisebenzayo kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukudumba kunye nokuveliswa kwe-mucus kwimigudu yakho yomoya . Olu hlobo lwe-inhaler ludla ngokuba yinto yokuqala ugqirha ayinikayo kwi-asthma.

Zithini iingenelo zokusebenzisa ezi zinto?

Kukho iingenelo ezininzi zokusebenzisa le inhaler ngokuchanekileyo:

• Iimpawu ze-asthma kunye nokudumba kwentliziyo kuyancitshiswa.
• Ii-beta agonists ezisebenza ngokukhawuleza, okanye njengoko sizibiza njalo , ii-reliefers, okanye ii-rescue inhalers, zisetyenziswa kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo kwaye zinciphisa inani lamaxesha ekufuneka uwasebenzise.
• Ukusebenza kwemiphunga yakho kuyaphucuka.
• Isidingo sokuya kumagumbi ongxamiseko nokulaliswa esibhedlele siya kuncipha.
• Ngokubanzi, isifo se-asthma sinokulawulwa kakuhle.

Kubalulekile: Gcina ezi zinto engqondweni xa usebenzisa ezi!

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezi steroid ziphefumlwayo zithintela kuphela iimpawu zesifuba, aziphelisi iimpawu ezikhoyo . Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba uzithatha xa uhlaselwa sisifuba, awuyi kufumana ncedo ngoko nangoko. Yiyo loo nto i-inhaler yokunciphisa umzimba isebenza.

Le inhaler "yokulawula" (njengoko siyibiza njalo) kufuneka isetyenziswe yonke imihla, njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha wakho . Kwabanye, isenokuba kabini ngemini, kwabanye, kube kanye ngemini. Akulunganga ukunciphisa okanye ukuyeka ukusebenzisa ezi zinto ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wakho, ucinga ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba ngcono. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela ukuba isifuba sakho sibe sibi kwakhona.

Zithini ezi corticosteroids zempumlo?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ze-corticosteroids eziphefumlwayo ezithengiswayo. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• ``Beclomethasone dipropionate (Qvar RediHaler®)''
• `Budesonide (Pulmicort®; Symbicort®)`. (Le `(Symbicort®)` yindibaniselwano ye`(budesonide)` kunye ne`(formoterol)`.)
• `I-Ciclisonide (i-Alvesco® HFA)`
• `Fluticasone (Flovent® HFA; Advair® HFA kunye nediski, Wixela® Inhub, AirDuo®)`. (Ezi ziqulathe `(fluticasone)` kunye `(salmeterol)`.)
• I-Fluticasone furoate (Arnuity® Ellipta; Breo® Ellipta; Trelegy® Ellipta). (IBreo® ine-fluticasone furoate kunye ne-beta agonist esebenza ixesha elide ebizwa ngokuba yi-vilanterol. I-Trelegy® ine-umeclidinium ukongeza kwezi zimbini.)
• ``Fluticasone propionate (ArmonAir® RespiClick)''
• `Mometasone (Asmanex®, Dulera®)`. (`(Dulera®)` iqulethe `(mometasone)` kunye `(formoterol)`.)

Zivela njani ezi ntlobo ze-inhaler?

Ezi ``(ii-corticosteroids ezifunxwayo)`` ziza ngeendlela ezintathu eziphambili:

1. `(I-Metered Dose Inhaler - MDI)`: Olu luhlobo olufana ne-can encinci, kwaye uyisebenzisa phezulu. Xa usebenzisa oku, kungcono ukuyisebenzisa ne -`(valved holding chamber)` okanye `(spacer)` (into esiyibiza ngokuba yi-'intermediate chamber' ngesiSinhala). Oku `(spacer)` kunceda iyeza liye ngqo emiphungeni, kwaye kunciphisa inani leyeza elifakwa emlonyeni nasemqaleni. Oku kufana nokusebenzisa ityhubhu xa utshiza amanzi kwi-watering can.

2. `(I-Dry Powder Inhaler - DPI)`: Le iqulethe iyeza elikwimo yomgubo owomileyo. Lisetyenziswa ngokuphefumlela nzulu.

3. `(Izisombululo zeNebulizer)`: Oku kuza njengolwelo. Kuyaphehlwa kwaye kuphefumlwe kusetyenziswa umatshini omncinci (`(umatshini wenebulizer)`). Le ndlela idla ngokusetyenziswa kubantwana abancinci kunye nabo bane-asthma enzima.

Ngaba ndifanele ndoyike ukuzisebenzisa ezi zinto? Ngaba kukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?

Ii-corticosteroids ezifunxwayo ziyindlela ekhuselekileyo kakhulu kubantu abadala nakubantwana . Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga azixhaphakanga, ingakumbi xa zisetyenziswa ngeedosi eziphantsi.

Nangona kunjalo, maxa wambi, ukuba usebenzisa kakhulu ezi zinto, unokufumana usulelo lwefungus emlonyeni wakho olubizwa ngokuba yi-"thrush" (esilubiza ngokuba yi-"thrush") , kwaye ilizwi lakho linokutshintsha (litsho ngelizwi eliphantsi). Kulula kakhulu ukuthintela oku. Hlamba umlomo wakho kakuhle emva kokusebenzisa i-inhaler yakho, uvale umlomo, kwaye ukhuphe iyeza . Ukuba usebenzisa i-"(MDI)", ungawunciphisa lo mngcipheko ngokusebenzisa i-"(spacer)". Ukuba ngempazamo ufumana i-thrush, inokunyangeka ngokulula nge-anti-fungal mouthwash echazwe ngugqirha wakho.

Ugqirha uzinika njani ezi zinto?

Ugqirha wakho uya kusoloko ezama ukukunika idosi ephantsi yale yeza eya kulawula isifuba sakho. Abantu abaninzi bayoyika xa besiva igama elithi "steroids." Oku kungenxa yokuba beve ngee-anabolic steroids, ezisetyenziswa ngabadlali ukwakha izihlunu. Kodwa ii-steroids zesifuba azinjalo . Ziiziyobisi ezilwa nokuvuvukala. Enyanisweni, ukuzithatha yonke imihla kunokunceda ukulawula isifuba sakho.

IiCorticosteroids zeSystemic: Uncedo kwi-asthma enzima!

Ezi "corticosteroids zeSystemic" ngamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga iziqendu ezinzima zesifuba. Zinikwa njengeepilisi okanye ulwelo (``ngomlomo``), okanye zinikwa emzimbeni ngemithambo yegazi (``engena emithanjeni - IV``).

Zinikwa ixesha elingakanani ezi zinto?

Eli yeza lisetyenziswa kunye namanye amayeza ukulawula ukuhlaselwa sisifo sesifuba esibi kakhulu ngequbuliso, okanye ukunyanga isifo sesifuba esihlala ixesha elide, esinzima ukusilawula.

Ziqala njani ukusebenza ezi zinto?

Iisteroids zenkqubo zithatha malunga neeyure ezintathu ukuqala ukusebenza, kwaye iziphumo ezilungileyo zibonakala emva kweeyure ezintandathu ukuya kwezilishumi elinesibini. Ngamanye amaxesha zinikwa ngeedosi eziphezulu kangangeentsuku ezininzi (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-steroid burst), okanye idosi incitshiswa kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha (ebizwa ngokuba yi-steroid taper). Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuze kulawulwe ixesha elide, zinokunikwa ngeedosi eziphantsi yonke imihla okanye yonke imihla.

Ziziphi ezi ntlobo ze-`(Systemic Steroids)`?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-"systemic steroids" ezisetyenziswa rhoqo (ezi zikwafumaneka njengeemveliso ze-"generic"):

• `I-Cortisone acetate`
• `I-Dexamethasone`
• `IHydrocortisone (Cortef®)`
• `I-Methylprednisolone (iMedrol®, iSolu-Medrol®, iDepo-medrol®)`
• `I-Prednisone (i-Deltasone®)`
• `I-Prednisolone (iPrelone®, iPediapred®, iOrapred®)`

Ngaba kufuneka siqaphele nemiphumo emibi?

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-systemic steroids zihlala zenzeka xa zisetyenziswa ixesha elide . Ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zingabandakanya:

• I-acne.
• Ukutyeba kwakho.
• Utshintsho kwimo okanye kwindlela yokuziphatha.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu (umz. i-gastritis).
• Ubuthathaka bamathambo, ukulahleka kwamathambo.
• Utshintsho lwamehlo, umzekelo i-glaucoma (uxinzelelo lwamehlo oluphezulu) okanye i-cataracts (ukufiphala kwamehlo).
• (Amagama abantwana) ukulibaziseka kokukhula.

Kodwa khumbula, ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga azixhaphakanga xa zisetyenziswa ixesha elifutshane . Ufanele uzisebenzise ixesha elifutshane kuphela xa isifuba sakho sinzima kakhulu. Ukuba unesifuba esingalawulekiyo kwaye kufuneka usebenzise ii-steroids ixesha elide, kufuneka ubone ingcali yemiphunga okanye ingcali ye-allergies. Banokukunceda wenze isigqibo malunga nonyango oluphambili kwaye bakuthumele kwezinye iingcali ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Iimodifier zeLeukotriene: Olunye uncedo!

Zithini ezi zinto? Zisebenza njani?

IiLeukotriene ziikhemikhali ezenzeka ngokwendalo emizimbeni yethu. Zibangela ukuba izihlunu kwindlela yethu yomoya ziqine kwaye zonyuse imveliso ye-mucus. Ii-Leukotriene modifiers zithintela ukusebenza kwe-leukotrienes. Izifundo zibonise ukuba la mayeza anokunceda ukuphucula ukuphefumla kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu ze-asthma. Afika ngendlela yeepilisi. Athathwa kanye okanye kabini ngemini. Usenokukwazi ukunciphisa inani lamanye amayeza e-asthma owadingayo.

Ziziphi iintlobo ze-`(Leukotriene Modifiers)`?

Amayeza akweli candelo ngala:

• `IMontelukast (Singulair®)`
• `Zafirlukast (Accolate®)`
• `I-Zileuton (Zyflo®)`

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziqhelekile yintloko ebuhlungu kunye nesicaphucaphu. Ii-Leukotriene modifiers zinokusebenzisana namanye amayeza (umzekelo, amayeza e-asthma i-theophylline kunye ne-blood thinner warfarin). Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo.

Ii-Antibodies zeMonoclonal - Unyango lweBiologic: Ithemba elitsha le-asthma enzima!

Ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal luhlobo lonyango lwebhayoloji olusetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo sombefu esiqatha. Zisebenza ngokuthintela impendulo yomzimba kwizinto ezibangela ukudumba. Zijolise ngqo kwiiseli eziyinxalenye yenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela, njengeeseli ze-eosinophil.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zala mayeza. Anikwa njengenaliti phantsi kolusu eofisini kagqirha, njenge-IV infusion ekliniki okanye esibhedlele, okanye amanye anikwa wona ekhaya. Abantu abasebenzisa la mayeza ebhayoloji badla ngokufumana unyango rhoqo emva kweeveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-8 (kuxhomekeke kwi-biologic). Kuya kufuneka ube phantsi kokhathalelo lwengcali yemiphunga okanye ingcali ye-allergies ukuba uthatha la mayeza.

IziQinisekisi zeMast Cell: Iyeza elingasetyenziswa rhoqo

Iziqinisi zeeseli zeMast zisebenza ngokuthintela ukukhutshwa kwe-histamine kunye nezinye izinto ezivuthayo kwiiseli zeMast. Nangona kunjalo, ezi azisetyenziswa rhoqo ukunyanga isifo sesifuba.

Eyona nto kufuneka uyikhumbule kakhulu!

I-asthma kukudumba okungapheliyo (oko kukuthi, okungapheliyo) kwendlela yomoya emiphungeni yakho. Inokuba njengentlantsi encinci ehlala ingaphakathi. Ke ngoko, ngokuthatha amayeza ugqirha wakho akunike wona, ungayilawula kakuhle i-asthma yakho kwaye ugcine imiphunga yakho isempilweni ixesha elide.

Khumbula, ukuphila ne-asthma kunokuba nzima, kodwa ngonyango olufanelekileyo, ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobusebenzayo. Thetha nogqirha wakho uze wenze isicwangciso sonyango esisebenza kakuhle kuwe. Yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphefumla uphilile!

Isifuba , Ukudumba, Isixhobo sokuphefumla, iiCorticosteroids, Unyango, Izifo zokuphefumla