Ngaba ugqirha wakho wakha wakhankanya uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-'Tumor Markers'? Okanye wakha waliva eli gama ndaweni ithile? Usenokuba ukhe weva la magama mabini xa ethetha ngomhlaza. Xa usiva eli gama, usenokuziva usoyika kancinci, kwaye umbuzo omkhulu unokufika engqondweni yakho. Kodwa oku akuyonto yokoyika. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngokucacileyo, nangendlela onokuyiqonda. Kuba le yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaninzi abalwa nomhlaza kunye neentsapho zabo.
Kulungile, ke ngoko zithini ezi mpawu zesifo se-tumor?
Ngamafutshane, uphawu lwe-tumor yiyo nayiphi na into emzimbeni wakho esinika ulwazi okanye ingcaciso malunga nomhlaza. Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi ziiproteni eziveliswa ziiseli zomhlaza. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, neeseli eziqhelekileyo, ezingezizo ezomhlaza zinokuvelisa ezi mpawu ngenxa yomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zibizwa ngokuba ziimpawu zomhlaza, okanye ii-biomarkers.
Cinga ngale ndlela. Kanye njengokuba amapolisa efuna ubungqina kwindawo yolwaphulo-mthetho, xa oogqirha bekrokrela ukuba kukho umhlaza, basebenzisa olu hlobo "lobungqina" emizimbeni yethu ukuze bafumane ukuba lukhona ngokwenene na kwaye luhlobo luni.
Ezi azizoproteni nje kuphela. Ngamanye amaxesha notshintsho kwi-DNA yethu (iinguqu) lunokusebenza njengeempawu zesifo se-tumor. Ngoko ke le yingongoma ebanzi kakhulu.
Yintoni esinokuyifunda kwezi mvavanyo?
Iimpawu zesifo sesisu azilovavanyo olusetyenziswa lodwa. Ugqirha uza kuzidibanisa nezinye iimvavanyo (umzekelo, ii-CT scans, ii-MRI scans, kunye nee-biopsy tests) ukuze kufezekiswe isigqibo. Ezi vavanyo zinokusixelela izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo.
- Fumana ulwazi malunga nomhlaza: Amanqanaba aphezulu eempawu ezithile zesifo somhlaza anokubonisa ukuba kukho uhlobo oluthile lomhlaza emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, oku kukodwa akunakuqinisekisa ukuba kukho umhlaza.
- Inceda ekucwangciseni unyango: Ulwazi oluvela kwezi mpawu lunceda ekukhetheni indlela yonyango efanelekileyo nesebenzayo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza onawo.
- Jonga ukuba unyango lwakho lwangoku luyasebenza na: Khawuthelekelele ukuba unyangwa umhlaza. Emva kwexesha elithile, ugqirha wakho uza kuphinda ahlole iimpawu zakho zesifo somhlaza. Ukuba amanqanaba ezo mpawu ehlile, oko kuthetha ukuba unyango luyasebenza kwaye iiseli zomhlaza ziyatshatyalaliswa.
- Fumana umbono wokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu aphile: Ngokusekelwe kumanqanaba eempawu ezithile, oogqirha banokufumana umbono wokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu aphile kwesi sifo.
- Jonga umngcipheko wokuphinda umhlaza:Emva kokuba umhlaza unyangekile ngokupheleleyo emva konyango, olu vavanyo lwenziwa rhoqo. Ukuba amanqanaba ezi mpawu ayanyuka kwakhona, isenokuba sisilumkiso kwangethuba somngcipheko wokuphinda umhlaza.
Ezinye iimpawu zesifo somhlaza zichaphazela uhlobo oluthile lomhlaza, ngelixa ezinye zinokubonelela ngolwazi malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza.
Ziphi ezi mpawu zesifo seethumba emzimbeni wethu?
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeempawu zesifo somhlaza, kuxhomekeke ekubeni zifumaneka phi.
1. Iimpawu zeTumor ezijikeleza igazi: Ezi zifumaneka kulwelo lomzimba wethu. Umzekelo:
- Igazi
- Umchamo
- Isitulo
- Ummongo wethambo
- Amathe
Isampuli yegazi idla ngokuthathwa engalweni yakho. Ukuba yisampuli yomchamo, yamathe, okanye yendle, uya kunikwa imiyalelo yokuba ungayithatha njani. Ukuze ufumane isampuli yomongo wethambo, kuya kufuneka wenze utyando oluncinci olubizwa ngokuba yi-"Bone Marrow Biopsy".
2. Iimpawu zeTumor Tissue: Ezi zifumaneka ngaphakathi kwetumor.
- Ukuze azivavanye ezi zinto, ugqirha kufuneka athathe iqhekeza elincinci lomhlaza (i-biopsy) alithumele kwilebhu, apho ezi mpawu zihlalutywa khona.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeempawu ze-tumor ezisetyenziswa rhoqo
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeempawu zesifo somhlaza ezisetyenziselwa iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza. Le theyibhile ingezantsi inika ingcaciso elula yezinye zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
| Igama leMaka | Iintlobo zomhlaza ezivavanywayo | Isampulu eza kuvavanywa |
|---|---|---|
| I-AFP (i-Alpha-fetoprotein) | Ukuchonga umhlaza wesibindi, umhlaza wamasende, kunye nezinye iithumba zeeseli zentsholongwane kunye nokulinganisa impumelelo yonyango. | Isampuli yegazi |
| I-BRCA1 kunye ne -BRCA2Utshintsho lwemfuza | Ukuvavanya umngcipheko, ukuxilongwa, kunye nokucwangciswa konyango lomhlaza webele kunye nomhlaza wesibeleko. | Isampuli yegazi, amathe, okanye izicubu zomhlaza |
| CA 19-9 | Ukulinganisa impumelelo yonyango lomhlaza wepancreas, gallbladder, bile duct kunye nesisu. | Isampuli yegazi |
| I-CEA (i-antigen ye-Carcinoembryonic) | Ukufumanisa ukuba unyango lomhlaza wamathumbu luphumelele na, ukuba umhlaza usasazeke, okanye ukuba ubuyile. | Isampuli yegazi |
| I-PSA (i-antigen ethile ye-prostate) | Ukuze kufunyaniswe umhlaza weprostate kumadoda, linganisa impumelelo yonyango, uze ubone ukuba umhlaza ubuyile na. | Isampuli yegazi |
| I-Thyroglobulin | Emva konyango lomhlaza we-thyroid, ukujonga ukuba unyango luphumelele kangakanani na, okanye ukuba umhlaza ubuyile na. | Isampuli yegazi |
Ungayiqonda njani ingxelo yovavanyo?
Lo ngumbuzo omkhulu abantu abaninzi abanawo. Kuyaqondakala ukuba woyike, "Ndineempawu ezininzi kakhulu kwingxelo yam, kwenzeka ntoni ngoku?" Masithethe ngawo ngokucacileyo.
Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba iimpawu ze-tumor ziphakanyisiwe?
Amanqanaba aphezulu eempawu zesifo sesisu abonisa ukuba kukho umhlaza. Okanye, umhlaza okhoyo usenokukhula okanye usasazeke kwezinye iindawo (ezinokwahlulwahlulwa).
Kodwa, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ngenxa yokuba iimpawu ze-tumor ziphezulu, akuthethi ukuba unesifo somhlaza ngokupheleleyo. Oku akusiyo into yokuxilonga ngokwakho.
Ugqirha wakho uza kufikelela kwisigqibo ngokujonga le ngxelo, iimpawu zakho, kunye nazo zonke ezinye iziphumo zovavanyo kunye. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika ngokujonga nje amanani akwingxelo. Qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo loo nto.
Kuthetha ukuthini xa iimpawu ze-tumor zincipha?
Oku kudla ngokuba ziindaba ezimnandi. Ukwehla kwamanqanaba ophawu lwe-tumor ngexesha lonyango kuthetha ukuba unyango lwakho luyasebenza kwaye iiseli zomhlaza ziyalawulwa. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha la manqanaba anokutshintshatshintsha ngexesha lonyango. Yiyo loo nto ugqirha wakho eza kujonga la manqanaba ngokuhamba kwexesha, endaweni yokuxhomekeka kuvavanyo olunye.
Ngaba iimpawu ze-tumor zingaphakanyiswa nangona kungekho mhlaza?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo inokwenzeka. Le yinto abantu abaninzi abangayaziyo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuyazi. Amanqanaba ophawu lwe-tumor anokunyuswa ngenxa yeemeko ezininzi zempilo eziqhelekileyo, ezingezizo ezomhlaza. Yiyo loo nto sithi olu vavanyo lodwa alusetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa umhlaza.
Nazi ezinye zeemeko ezinjalo ezingezizo ezomhlaza.
| Imeko | Iimpawu ezinokuthi zichaphazeleke |
|---|---|
| I-anemia | Amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuphawula anokuchaphazeleka. |
| Isifo se-thyroid | Iimpawu ezifana ne-CEA zinokuchaphazeleka. |
| Ii-cysts ze-ovarian | I-CA-125 (uphawu lomhlaza wesibeleko) isenokunyuka. |
| Isifo sezintso | Iimpawu ezininzi zinokunyuka kwinqanaba kuba azisuswanga kakuhle emzimbeni. |
| Izifo zesibindi (umz. iHepatitis) | Iimpawu ezifana ne-AFP kunye ne-CEA zinokwanda. |
| Ukukhulelwa | Ezinye iimpawu, ezifana ne-AFP, ziyanda ngokwendalo. |
Ngaba zonke iintlobo zomhlaza zingafunyanwa ngokusebenzisa le ndlela?
Hayi. Ngokokwaziwa, akukho zimpawu zesifo somhlaza ezichaphazela zonke iintlobo zomhlaza. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwezinye iindlela ezifana ne-'CT' scans, 'MRI' scans, 'PET' scans kunye ne-biopsies ukuze kufunyanwe isifo kwaye kubekwe esweni unyango.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iimpawu zesifo somhlaza ziimpawu emzimbeni wethu ezisinika ulwazi kunye nezikhokelo malunga nomhlaza.
- Akunakwenzeka ukufumanisa ukuba kukho umhlaza ngokusekelwe kolu vavanyo lodwa. Ezinye iimvavanyo ngokuqinisekileyo ziyafuneka kuloo nto.
- Amanqanaba aphezulu ophawu lwe-tumor anokubangelwa zezinye iimeko zempilo ezingezizo ezomhlaza (umz., isifo sezintso, isifo sesibindi).
- Ukwehla kwala manqanaba ngexesha lonyango kunokubonisa ukuba unyango luphumelele. Ngokufanayo, ukunyuka kwamanqanaba emva konyango kunokubonisa ukuphinda kwesifo.
- Ukuba unemibuzo, amathandabuzo, okanye iinkxalabo malunga neziphumo zovavanyo lwakho, eyona nto ilungileyo nekuphela kwayo onokuyenza kukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngayo loo nto. Musa ukwenza izigqibo ngokusekelwe kulwazi olufumaneka kwi-intanethi.
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