Ngaba uyayazi i-Type 3c Diabetes? Makhe sithethe ngayo ngokulula!

Xa ucinga ngesifo seswekile, uhlala ucinga ngohlobo 1 okanye uhlobo 2, akunjalo? Kodwa ubusazi ukuba kukho olunye uhlobo lwesifo seswekile, olubizwa ngokuba yiType 3c Diabetes . Oku kwahlukile kancinci, kuba kunxulumene ngqo nomonakalo kwi-pancreas yethu. Mhlawumbi awukayiva kangako le nto. Ngoko masithethe ngayo namhlanje ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c?

Ngamafutshane, isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c senzeka xa into iwonakalisa i-pancreas yakho, ithintela ukuba ingavelisi i-hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi-insulin. Cinga ngayo, i-pancreas sisitho esincinci kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu esikwisisu esingaphezulu. Sisebenza njengomzi-mveliso omncinci emzimbeni wethu.

I-pancreas inemisebenzi emibini ephambili:

1. Umsebenzi we-Exocrine: Oku kuvelisa ii-enzymes ezisinceda ekugayeni ukutya esikutyayo. Ngaphandle kwezi enzymes, asinakukwazi ukugaya ukutya ngokufanelekileyo.

2. Umsebenzi we-endocrine: Kulapho kuveliswa khona iihomoni ezibalulekileyo ezilawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lethu, oko kukuthi i-glucose, ingakumbi i-insulin kunye ne-glucagon. I-insulin yiyo enceda iswekile egazini ingene kwiiseli kwaye yenze amandla.

Ngoku, ukuba ipancreas yonakele ngesizathu esithile, ukuveliswa kwe-insulin kusenokungenziwa ngokufanelekileyo. Kulapho ke kuvela khona isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba uninzi lwexesha, xa ipancreas yonakele ngolu hlobo, ukuveliswa kwee-enzymes ezinceda ekugayeni ukutya nako kuyancipha. Oogqirha bayibiza le meko ngokuba yi-Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI) . Oko kuthetha ukuba, umntu onesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c unokuba neengxaki zokulawula iswekile yegazi, kunye neengxaki zokugaya ukutya.

Olu hlobo lwesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c lubizwa ngamanye amagama aliqela, osenokuba ukhe wawava kugqirha okanye kwenye indawo:

• Isifo sikashukela se-pancreatic okanye i-pancreatogenic
• Isifo seswekile sePancreatic
• Isifo seswekile sePancreatic

Ukuba oku kuvakala kuyinkimbinkimbi, khumbula nje ukuba unesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-Type 3c Diabetes?

Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-9% yabo bonke abantu abanesifo seswekile banesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c. Oku kunokubonakala ngathi linani elikhulu, kodwa isizathu kukuba abantu abaninzi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha noogqirha, abazi ngesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abanale meko badla ngokuchongwa ngendlela engafanelekanga njengabanesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini, esiluhlobo lweswekile oluqhelekileyo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwesifo seswekile sohlobo 1, uhlobo 2, kunye nohlobo 3c?

Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi ntlobo zintathu zesifo seswekile ngunobangela wokuvela kwaso. Makhe sijonge indlela:

• Isifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1: Esi sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba . Oko kukuthi, inkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela, ngesizathu esingaziwayo, ihlasela kwaye itshabalalise iiseli ezivelisa i-insulin kwi-pancreas. Kufana nomkhosi wethu ohlasela amalungu ethu abalulekileyo. Abantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 kufuneka bathathe i-insulin ubomi babo bonke.

• Isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini: Oku kwenzeka kuba ipancreas ayivelisi i-insulin eyaneleyo, okanye iiseli zomzimba aziphenduli kakuhle kwi-insulin eveliswayo (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -insulin resistance ). Abantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini banokulawula le meko ngokutshintsha indlela yokuphila, amayeza okuphuza, okanye i-insulin.

• Isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c: Oku kubangelwa kukonakala kwepancreas. Nangona kunjalo, lo monakalo awubangelwa yimbangela yokuzikhusela komzimba njengakwisifo sohlobo loku-1. Abantu abanesifo sohlobo lwe-3c badla ngokungabi nazo ii-enzymes ezinceda ipancreas ukuba itye ukutya. Kolu hlobo, ubungakanani be-insulin eveliswa yipancreas bunokwahluka. Abanye abantu banokulawula isifo seswekile sabo ngamayeza eswekile athethwa ngomlomo, ngelixa abanye kufuneka bathathe i-insulin.

Uyayiqonda na umahluko? Eyona nto iphambili sisizathu.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c?

Iimpawu zesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c ziyafana nezezinye iintlobo zesifo seswekile. Ziquka:

• Ukoma okugqithisileyo rhoqo (i-polydipsia) kunye nomlomo owomileyo.
• Ukuchama rhoqo.
• Ukudinwa, ukudinwa.
• Umbono ofipheleyo.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engachazekiyo.
• Ukungaziva okanye ukurhawuzelela kwamalungu omzimba.
• Amanxeba athatha ixesha ukuphola.
• Usulelo lwe-yeast oluhlala lusenzeka kulusu kunye/okanye kwilungu lobufazi.

Ukongeza kwezi mpawu, abantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c badla ngokufumana iimpawu ze -exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) , ezizezi:

• Intlungu yesisu, ukudumba, kunye nokuqunjelwa.
• Ukuqhinwa.
• Urhudo.
• Indle enamafutha - Ezi zihlala zimhlophe ngombala, zinamafutha, zinevumba elibi, kwaye zidada emanzini.
• Ukuba mncane ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike icebiso, kuba ukuzityeshela kunokwenza imeko ibe mandundu.

Zithini izizathu zesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c?

Isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c senzeka xa ipancreas yonakele kangangokuba ingakwazi ukuvelisa i-insulin. Lo monakalo unokubangelwa ziimeko okanye iimeko ezininzi ezingaphantsi. Kukho izinto ezininzi eziphambili ezibangela oku:

• I-pancreatitis engapheliyo: Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo.
• I-pancreatitis ebukhali: Ukudumba okuqatha nokukhawulezileyo kwepancreas.
• Umhlaza wepancreatic.
• I-Hemochromatosis: Isifo apho i-iron egqithisileyo iqokelelana emzimbeni.
• I-Cystic fibrosis: Isifo semfuza.
• Ukususwa kwepancreas ngotyando (i-Pancreatectomy).

Makhe sijonge ngasinye kwezi zizathu ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

I-pancreatitis engapheliyo

Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo yesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c. Imalunga ne-79% yazo zonke iimeko zeswekile zohlobo lwe-3c. Ngamafutshane, yimeko apho i-pancreas ibivuvukele kwaye yonakele ixesha elide. Kanye njengokuba inxeba emzimbeni wethu elihlala lithathwa lishiya isilonda, oku kuvutha okuqhubekayo kwi-pancreas kunokubangela izicubu zesilonda (i-fibrosis). Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kukrweleka kuthintela i-pancreas ekwenzeni umsebenzi wayo ngokufanelekileyo, ongowokwenza ii-enzymes kunye neehomoni, ngakumbi i-insulin. Cinga ukuba phakathi kwama-25% nama-80% abantu abane-pancreatitis engapheliyo banokuhlakulela isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-pancreatitis engapheliyo:

• I-Acquired pancreatitis: "I-Acquired" ithetha ukuba yenzeka emva kokuba sizelwe. Inokuba nezizathu ezininzi. Ezona zizathu zimbini zixhaphakileyo ngamatye enyongo kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala ngokugqithisileyo. Abanye abantu bayonakalisa i-pancreas yabo ngokutya ukutya okuneziqholo rhoqo, ukungatyi ukutya, okanye ukusela utywala obuninzi. Ukuba ezi zinto ziyaqhubeka, i-pancreas inokuba buthathaka.
• I-Pancreatitis edluliselwa lilifa: Oku kubangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ifunyanwa ngabazali. Nangona aba bantu benalo olu tshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo ekuzalweni, iimpawu zokuqala ze-pancreatitis zinokubonakala xa umntu efikisa.

Umhlaza wePancreatic

Kukho unxibelelwano oluqinileyo phakathi kwesifo seswekile kunye nomhlaza wepancreatic (ingakumbi uhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi-pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma). Malunga nama-50% abantu abafunyaniswe benomhlaza wepancreatic nabo banesifo seswekile. Iithumba ezibangelwa ngumhlaza wepancreatic zingonakalisa i-pancreas kwaye zikhokelele kwisifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c. Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba malunga ne-8% yabantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c babangelwa ngumhlaza wepancreatic.

I-Hemochromatosis

Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -iron overload.Oku kwenzeka xa imizimba yethu igcina i-iron eninzi kakhulu. Ngokwesiqhelo, amathumbu ethu afunxa kuphela isixa se-iron esisifunayo ekutyeni esikutyayo. Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abane-hemochromatosis, umzimba ufunxa i-iron eninzi kakhulu uze uyibeke kwizitho zomzimba, ingakumbi intliziyo, isibindi, kunye ne-pancreas. Xa i-iron iqokelelana kwi-pancreas, inokonakala ize ikhokelele kwi-Type 3c Diabetes. Le yimbangela ye-7% yazo zonke iimeko ze-Type 3c Diabetes.

I-Cystic fibrosis (CF)

Esi sisifo esizuzwe njengelifa. Sibangela ukuba i-mucus enamathelayo netyebileyo iqokelele kwizitho ezifana nemiphunga kunye ne-pancreas. Le mucus inokwenza amanxeba kwaye yonakalise i-pancreas. I-pancreas ayikwazi ukuvelisa i-insulin eyaneleyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwisifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c. Ngamanye amaxesha abantu abane-cystic fibrosis banokuhlakulela ukumelana ne-insulin, okufana nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-2. Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kakhulu xa begula, bethatha ii-steroids, okanye ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ngaphezulu kwama-35% abantu abadala abane-cystic fibrosis (CF) banesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba sisifo seswekile esinxulumene ne-CF (CFRD) . I-cystic fibrosis yimbangela ye-4% yezigulane zesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c.

I-Pancreatectomy (ukususwa kwepancreas ngotyando)

Le yindlela yotyando yokususa inxalenye okanye yonke ipancreas. Olu tyando lunokwenziwa ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kuquka umhlaza wepancreas, ii-cysts zepancreas, okanye i-pancreatitis engapheliyo enzima.

Isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c sinokuvela okanye sinyamalale xa ipancreas isusiwe. Ukuba yinxalenye yepancreas kuphela esusiweyo (i-partial pancreatectomy), ezinye iiseli ezivelisa i-insulin ziyasala. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi seli ziseleyo zinokunceda ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini.

Kodwa ukuba utyando lwe-pancreatectomy luphela, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuba nesifo seswekile kamva, ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha angasindisa ezinye zeeseli zakho ezivelisa i-insulin. Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha banokufakelwa ezinye zezi seli esibindini sakho. Olu hlobo lotyando lubangela malunga ne-2% yeemeko zeswekile yohlobo lwe-3c.

Ifunyanwa njani isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c?

Enyanisweni, kunokuba nzima kancinci koogqirha ukuxilonga isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c. Isizathu soku kukuba asilohlobo lweswekile oluqhelekileyo okanye olwaziwayo. Oogqirha badla ngokuluphambanisa nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-2, kuba uhlobo lwe-2 luxhaphake kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sele unesifo esinxulumene nepancreas (umz. i-pancreatitis engapheliyo), kulula kancinci ukuxilonga isifo sohlobo lwe-3c.

Ukuze kuchongwe isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c, oogqirha kufuneka baqinisekise izinto ezintathu:

1. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo seswekile.

2. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-pancreas yakho yonakele.

3. Ukuqinisekisa ukungabikho kwezinye iintlobo zesifo seswekile (ingakumbi uhlobo 1).

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, oogqirha banokuyalela ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lweglucose egazini lokuzila ukutya: Kule meko, awunakutya okanye usele nantoni na ngaphandle kwamanzi ubuncinane iiyure ezisibhozo ngaphambi kovavanyo. Iziphumo ze-126 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu zihlala zibonisa isifo seswekile.
• Uvavanyo lwe-A1C: Olu vavanyo lukwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-HbA1C, lulinganisa amanqanaba akho aqhelekileyo eglucose egazini kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ezidlulileyo. Iziphumo ze-6.5% okanye ngaphezulu zihlala zibonisa isifo seswekile.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: Uvavanyo olufana ne -CT scan lunokunceda ugqirha abone umonakalo kwi-pancreas.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwePancreas: Olu vavanyo lunokujonga ukusebenza kwepancreas. Lulinganisa amanqanaba ee-enzyme ezithile zokugaya ukutya eziveliswa yipancreas. Ukuba iziphumo aziqhelekanga, kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa umonakalo wepancreas.
• Iphaneli ye-autoantibodies yesifo seswekile: Olu luvavanyo lwegazi. Lujonga ukuba kukho ii-autoantibodies ezibangela isifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela olu vavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba awunaso isifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1.

Inyangwa njani isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c?

Unyango lwesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c luxhomekeke kwimeko ebangela eso sifo kunye nomonakalo owenziweyo kwi-pancreas (okanye ukuba ingakanani na esusiweyo ngotyando).

Abantu abanale meko badla ngokuthatha amayeza eswekile aselwa ngomlomo (umz. i-metformin) kunye/okanye i-insulin eyenziweyo (nokuba ngenaliti okanye ngepompo ye-insulin).

Njengoko i-pancreas yakho yonakala ngakumbi, unyango lwakho lunokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Umzekelo, ekuqaleni unokukwazi ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho ngamayeza okusela. Kodwa njengoko ubungakanani be-insulin eveliswa yi-pancreas yakho buncipha kancinci kancinci, ekugqibeleni unokufuna ukuthatha i-insulin ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho.

Kukho ezinye iindlela zokulawula isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c:

• Ukujonga iswekile yegazi: Ukujonga rhoqo amanqanaba eswekile yegazi lakho (iglucose) kubalulekile ukuze wazi ukuba isicwangciso sakho sonyango sangoku sisebenza kakuhle kangakanani. Oku kukunika ulwazi yonke imihla - ngamanye amaxesha kwanangayo yonke iyure - ukukunceda ulawule isifo seswekile sakho sohlobo lwe-3c. Ungayijonga rhoqo iswekile yegazi lakho nge-glucose meter, okanye ungasebenzisa i-continuous glucose monitor (CGM) . Kunye, wena nogqirha wakho niya kugqiba ukuba loluphi udidi lweswekile yegazi olulungele wena.
• Ukutya: Ukucwangcisa ukutya nokukhetha ukutya okunempilo okukufaneleyo yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yolawulo lwesifo seswekile. Kuba oko ukutyayo kunempembelelo enkulu kumanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho. Ingcali yokutya ebhalisiweyo ingakunceda wenze isicwangciso sokutya esifanelekileyo.
• Ukuzilolonga: Ukuzilolonga kwandisa uvakalelo lwe-insulin (kwaye kunceda ekunciphiseni ukuxhathisa i-insulin), ngoko ke ukuzilolonga yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo olufanelekileyo kubo bonke abanesifo seswekile.

Isifo seswekile sisifo esintsonkothileyo. Ngoko ke kufuneka iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusilawula. Kwakhona, isifo seswekile sichaphazela wonke umntu ngokwahlukileyo. Ngoko ke, izicwangciso zolawulo zahlukile kakhulu kumntu nomntu. Uya kuzuza kakhulu ngokudibana neqela lakho lezonyango rhoqo ukuze ubone ukuba isicwangciso sakho sonyango sisebenza kakuhle kangakanani.

Liyintoni ikamva lesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c? (Ingqikelelo)

Imbonakalo yesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:

• Ingxaki yezempilo esisiseko eyabangela oku.
• Indlela olawula ngayo isifo sakho seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nokufikelela kwakho kunyango lweswekile.
• Indlela elawulwa kakuhle ngayo imeko engaphantsi.
• Ubudala bakho/ubude bexesha obunalo isifo seswekile xa kwafunyaniswa ukuba unesifo.
• Nokuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo.
• Nokuba uza kuba neengxaki zesifo seswekile.

Amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini ixesha elide anokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu, uninzi lwazo ezingenakulungiseka. Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini anganyangwanga, ahlala ixesha elide, anciphisa ixesha lokuphila kwaye ayenza mandundu imeko yobomi .

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni xa unesifo seswekile. Ezi zilandelayo zibalulekile kwikamva elingcono:

• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila.
• Ukuzilolonga rhoqo.
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokutya.
• Ukujonga rhoqo amanqanaba eswekile egazini.

Zithini iingxaki zesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c?

Ukuba amanqanaba eglucose egazini ahlala ephezulu ixesha elide, anokonakalisa izicwili zomzimba wakho kunye namalungu omzimba. Oku kungenxa yomonakalo kwimithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo-luvo exhasa izicwili zomzimba wakho.

Iingxaki zentliziyo (intliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi) zezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo zesifo seswekile ixesha elide. Ziquka:

• Isifo semithambo yentliziyo (CAD).
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
• Istroke.
• I-atherosclerosis.

Ezinye iingxaki zesifo seswekile ziquka:

• Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo (i-Neuropathy).
• Isifo sezintso (i-Nephropathy).
• I-retinopathy.
• Iingxaki zeenyawo ezinxulumene nesifo seswekile.

Ndingakuthintela isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c?

Indlela ekuphela kwayo yokuthintela isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c kukuzama ukuthintela iimeko ezisibangelayo, ukuba kunokwenzeka. Iimeko ezizuzwe njenge-cystic fibrosis kunye ne-inherent pancreatitis azinakuthintelwa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukuthintela i-acquired pancreatitis. Umzekelo, ukunciphisa utywala kunye nokugcina amanqanaba e-triglyceride asempilweni.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam malunga nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c?

Ukuba unemeko echaphazela ipancreas, efana ne-pancreatitis engapheliyo okanye i-hemochromatosis, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nomngcipheko wakho wokuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uya kucebisa ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo isifo seswekile.

Ukuba unesifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c, kuya kufuneka ubone iqela lakho lezonyango rhoqo ukuze ulawule isifo sakho seswekile kunye nemeko yezempilo ebangele ukuba sibe sisifo.

Ukufumanisa ukuba unesifo seswekile ngenxa yesifo sepancreatic kunokuba ngumthombo wosizi nokukhungatheka. Ukulawula isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c kufuna unonophelo kunye nengqalelo rhoqo. Nangona kunokubonakala kunzima ekuqaleni, ekuhambeni kwexesha uya kuqonda ngcono ukulawula esi sifo kwaye uqale ukuziva ungcono ngomzimba wakho.

Qiniseka ukuba ubona iqela lakho lezonyango rhoqo. Ukulawula isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c - kunye nemeko ebangela eso sifo - ngumzamo weqela. Ufuna iingcali zonyango, abahlobo, kunye nosapho kwicala lakho. Ungoyiki ukucela uncedo kubo ukuba uyalufuna.

Okokugqibela, khumbula oku (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Isifo seswekile sohlobo lwe-3c sisifo seswekile esingaxhaphakanga kangako esibangelwa kukonakala kwepancreas.Oku kunokubangelwa zizifo ezifana ne-pancreatitis engapheliyo, umhlaza we-pancreatic, kunye ne-cystic fibrosis.

Iimpawu ziyafana nezinye iintlobo zesifo seswekile, kodwa iingxaki zokugaya ukutya (umz., isitulo esinamafutha, iintlungu zesisu) nazo zinokubakho.

Ukuxilongwa kunokuba nzima kancinci, kuba kudla ngokubhidaniswa nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini.

Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka kumntu nomntu kwaye ziquka amayeza, i-insulin, utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, kunye nokunyanga unobangela oyintloko.

Ukuba unengxaki ngepancreas yakho, okanye ubonisa iimpawu zesifo seswekile, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza. Okukhona ibonwa kwangoko, kokukhona ilawuleka ngcono. Ungakhathazeki, ngolawulo olufanelekileyo nenkxaso, ungaphila ubomi obuhle nale meko.

Isifo seswekile, Uhlobo lwe-3c lweswekile, i-pancreatitis, i-insulin, iswekile yegazi, i-pancreatitis, i-cystic fibrosis