Yintoni kanye kanye iTyphus fever? Esi sifo sithwalwa zizinambuzane asiyonto yokuhlekisa! - Nirogi Lanka

Ngaba ngequbuliso uziva ungaphilanga kakuhle ngenxa yomkhuhlane ophezulu kwaye ubona amabala abomvu okanye amabala emzimbeni wakho? Ukuba ezi mpawu zivele emva kokutyelela ihlathi okanye umhlaba wefama, okanye ukuba uqaphele izinambuzane ezifana neencukuthu okanye iintakumba ekhayeni lakho, oko kungaba luphawu lwe-typhus. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba esi sifo asisekho, kodwa eNirogi Lanka, sifuna wazi ukuba sisengumngcipheko wokwenene kwimpilo ofuna ingqalelo.

Yintoni iTyphus?

Ngamafutshane, iTyphus liqela lezifo ezisulelayo ezibangelwa ziintlobo ezithile zeebhaktheriya. Ezi zidluliselwa kuwe ngokulunywa zizinambuzane ezosulelekileyo. Iimpawu eziphambili ngumkhuhlane ophezulu kunye nokudumba komzimba. Ukuba ayinyangwa, inokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu zempilo, ngoko ke nceda uyithathe nzulu loo nto.

Ngokwembali, ukuqhambuka kwe-typhus kubulale amakhulu amawaka abantu, ingakumbi ngamaxesha emfazwe nendlala. Nangona ubhubhane omkhulu kangaka ngoku ungaqhelekanga, uhlobo olwaziwa ngokuba yi-'Scrub Typhus' lusachaphazela izigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela minyaka le. Ngokuqinisekileyo yimeko ekufuneka uhlale uyiqaphele.

Ziziphi iintlobo zeTyphus?

Makhe sijonge iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-typhus:

• I-Murine Typhus: Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-'endemic typhus', olu hlobo lufumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, kuquka neSri Lanka. Ngokuqhelekileyo alunabungozi kangako kunezinye iintlobo. I-Murine typhus idluliselwa ziintakumba; kwanentakumba evela kwisilwanyana sasekhaya esifana nenja okanye ikati inokudlulisela oku kuwe.

• I-Epidemic Typhus: Ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-'sylvatic typhus,' oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo zaseAfrika, nakuMbindi okanye eMzantsi Melika. Idluliselwa ziintwala zomzimba. Kumazwe afana ne-USA, inokwenzeka nangokudibana nee-flying squirrels ezosulelekileyo.

• I-Scrub Typhus: Njengoko besitshilo, le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo. Ixhaphake kakhulu kwimimandla yasemaphandleni kulo lonke elaseMzantsi-mpuma naseMpuma Asia, kwiZiqithi zePasifiki, eRashiya, naseOstreliya. Ikho eSri Lanka, ngakumbi kwiindawo zasemaphandleni okanye emahlathini. I-Scrub typhus idluliselwa zii-chiggers (ii-larval mites) ezithwala intsholongwane.

Zithini iimpawu zeTyphus?

Iimpawu zingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumntu ngamnye kunye nohlobo lwe-typhus, kodwa zihlala ziquka:

• Umkhuhlane Ophezulu: Uhlala udlula ama-40°C (104°F), nto leyo enokuhlala iintsuku ezininzi okanye iiveki.
• Ukugodola.
• Iintlungu zomzimba: Iintlungu eziqatha zemisipha kunye nomzimba.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Urhawuzelelo: Ludla ngokubonakala emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba kuqale ezinye iimpawu, luqala esifubeni okanye esiswini luze lusasazeke, kodwa ludla ngokugcina iintende zezandla zakho kunye neenyawo zakho.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza.
• Intlungu yesisu.
• Ii-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo: Ingakumbi entanyeni okanye emakhwapheni.
• Ukudideka okanye ukutshintsha kwesimo sengqondo.
• Ukuxhuzula.
• I-Coma: Oku kwenzeka kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu.
• I-Eschar: Uphawu oluphawulekayo lwe-Scrub Typhus, olubonakala njengesilonda esimnyama, esifana nesikhumba kwindawo yokulunywa, esidla ngokufana nokutsha.

Khumbula, usenokungaziboni zonke ezi mpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukrokrela ukuba ulunywe sisinambuzane kwaye ubonisa ezi mpawu, nceda udibane nogqirha eNirogi Lanka okanye kwiziko lezonyango elikufutshane nawe ngoko nangoko.

Yintoni ebangela iTyphus?

Zonke iintlobo ezintathu ze-typhus zibangelwa yintsholongwane encinci:

• I-murine typhus ibangelwa yi -'Rickettsia typhi' .
• I-typhus ebangelwa yi -'Rickettsia prowazekii' .
• I-Scrub typhus yenziwa yi `Orientia tsutsugamushi` .

Nangona la magama entsonkothile, abalulekile kwiqela lakho lezonyango ukuze libonelele ngokuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Isifo seTyphus sidluliselwa njani?

Intsholongwane yeTyphus isasazeka xa intakumba, intwala, okanye izinambuzane ezinentsholongwane zikuluma zize zishiye inkunkuma yazo kufutshane nenxeba lokulunywa, ize ingene egazini lakho. Kubalulekile ukugcina ucoceko oluhle kunye nokulawula izinambuzane.

• I-Murine Typhus: Isasazeka ziintakumba zeekati (`Ctenocephalides felis`) kunye neentakumba zeempuku (`Xenopsylla cheopis`). Inxulunyaniswa nezilwanyana zasekhaya, iimpuku, ii-opossum, kunye neeraccoon. Gcina izilwanyana zasekhaya zicocekile kwaye ungavumeli iimpuku ukuba zingene kwindawo ohlala kuyo.

• I-Epidemic Typhus: Isasazeka ziintwala zomzimba. Oku kukhula kakuhle kwiindawo ezixineneyo, ezingacocekanga apho ukuhlamba kunye nempahla ecocekileyo kungafikeleleki khona.

• I-Scrub Typhus: Isasazeka ziinkumbi ezikhula emathunjini (larval mites) ezifumaneka kwiingca okanye ehlathini. Lumka xa uhamba ngezityalo zasendle.

Ngaba iTyphus isasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye?

Hayi, akukho nanye kwezi ntlobo zintathu zeTyphus edluliselwa ngqo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Oku kuthetha ukuba ayisuleli njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko zokuhlala ezixineneyo, iintwala zomzimba zinokudlulisela intsholongwane yetyphus ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ke ngoko, ukugcina ucoceko lomntu kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo seTyphus?

Ukuba uhlala okanye uhambahamba kwiindawo apho kukho iintakumba, iintwala zomzimba, okanye iincukuthu ezithwala iintsholongwane ezibangela i-typhus, usengozini yosulelo. Kufuneka ulumke ngakumbi xa utyelela ezo ndawo okanye usebenza ngaphandle.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubangelwa yiTyphus?

Ukuba ayinyangwa, i-typhus inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezininzi, ezinye zazo zinzima kakhulu:

• Amahlwili egazi.
• I-splenomegaly (ubende okhulisiweyo).
• Ukukhubazeka kobuso.
• I-gangrene (ukufa kwezicubu).
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva.
• I-Meningitis (ukudumba kwee-membrane ezijikeleze ubuchopho).
• I-Myocarditis (ukudumba kwemisipha yentliziyo).
• I-optic neuritis (ukudumba kwe-optic nerve).
• Ukukhupha ulwelo olujikeleze imiphunga (i-Pleural effusion).
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga.
• Ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumla.

Ukuba ufumana isifo se-typhus ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuphuma kwesisu, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, kunye nokuzalwa kweentsana ezinobunzima obuphantsi. Oomama abakhulelweyo kufuneka balumke ngakumbi.

Ifunyanwa njani isifo seTyphus?

Ngokwesiqhelo, ugqirha uya kuchonga isifo se-typhus ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yakutshanje yohambo okanye indawo ohlala kuyo kwiindawo apho isifo sixhaphake khona. Imbali yakho yohambo lulwazi olubalulekileyo.

Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi okanye enze i-biopsy kwi-'eschar'—i-crust eqweqwe eyenziwe kwindawo yokulunywa yi-tick.

Xa ubonana nogqirha, qiniseka ukuba ukhankanya naluphi na uhambo oluye lwenzeka kutshanje nokuba ukrokrela ukuba ulunywe ziintakumba, iintwala, okanye ziincukuthu. Nokuba awuqinisekanga, ukuba ucinga ukuba kunokwenzeka, mxelele.

Ngamanye amaxesha, iziphumo zelebhu zovavanyo lwegazi okanye ii-biopsies zingathatha iiveki ezininzi, kwaye unokufuna uvavanyo oluphindaphindwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho usenokuqala unyango ngoko nangoko ukuba urhanela ukuba une-typhus, ngaphandle kokulinda iziphumo zokugqibela.

Ngaba iTyphus inganyangeka?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo! Ukosuleleka yiTyphus kunokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Oogqirha ngokubanzi banika iDoxycycline kwiMurine, Epidemic, kunye neScrub typhus. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhulelwe okanye unezinye iingxaki zempilo ezifihlakeleyo, ugqirha wakho unokukhetha enye i-antibiotic efanelekileyo kuwe.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba unesifo seTyphus?

Ukuba ufumana isifo se-typhus, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kangangeentsuku ezintathu ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuba i-Epidemic typhus ayinyangwa, iimpawu zinokuphela okwethutyana zize ziphinde zivele emva kweenyanga okanye iminyaka. Oku kwaziwa njengesifo sikaBrill-Zinsser. Ezi mpawu ziphindaphindayo zihlala zincinci kunezo zosulelo lokuqala kwaye azifane zikhokelele kwiingxaki ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba xa ezi mpawu zibuya, iintwala zisenokudlulisela usulelo kwabanye.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba usinde xa ubamba iTyphus?

Xa ifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye inyangwa ngokufanelekileyo ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, phantse zonke iintlobo ze-typhus ziyanyangeka. Ingqikelelo yesifo ngokubanzi ilungile kakhulu.

Ukufa ngenxa ye-Murine typhus kunqabile kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayinyangwa, izinga lokufa kwezinye iintlobo ze-typhus liyahluka. Iingcali zithi ngaphandle konyango, izinga lokufa ngenxa ye-Epidemic and Scrub typhus linokuba phakathi kwe -10% kunye ne-30%. Le ayisiyonto ifanele ithathwe lula luluntu lwaseNirogi Lanka.

Ufanele ufune nini ingcebiso kagqirha?

Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ze-typhus okanye ukrokrela ukuba ulunywe yintakumba, intwala, okanye ikhala (nokuba awukhumbuli kakuhle), funa uncedo lwezonyango ngoko nangoko. Qiniseka ukuba wazisa ugqirha wakho ngalo naluphi na uhambo lwakutshanje.

Ufanele uye nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Ukuba ufumana iimpawu eziqatha, fowunela u-911 okanye undwendwele isebe likaxakeka elikufutshane nawe ngoko nangoko. Ezi mpawu ziqatha ziquka:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu okanye umkhuhlane ohlala iintsuku ezininzi.
• Ukudideka okanye olunye utshintsho kwimeko yengqondo.
• Iimpawu zokuxhuzula.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Ukudinwa okanye ubuthathaka obukhulu.
• Ukuba umntu kunzima ukumvusa, okanye ubuthathaka kakhulu ukuba angaphakama, qhagamshelana neenkonzo zongxamiseko (911) ngoko nangoko.

Imibuzo Omele Uyibuze Ugqirha Wakho

Xa undwendwela ugqirha wakho, le mibuzo inokukunceda ulawule impilo yakho ngcono:

• Ndingawathatha njani kanye kanye la mayeza?
• Zeziphi iindlela ezilungileyo zokuzikhusela kwiintakumba, kwiinkozo, nakwiintwala?
• Ukuba indawo yam yokuhlala izaliswe ziintwala okanye iintakumba, ndingazisusa njani ngokukhuselekileyo?

Indlela Yokuthintela I-Typhus

Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuthintela i-typhus kukuphepha ukulunywa ziintakumba, iintwala kunye neenkawu. Ungathabatha la manyathelo ukuzikhusela:

• Xa uphuma ngaphandle, sebenzisa isixovuli sezinambuzane esivunyiweyo yi-EPA.
• Nxiba iibhulukhwe ezinde, iihempe ezinemikhono emide, kunye neekawusi ukuze ugqume ulusu oluninzi kangangoko xa ungaphandle.
• Ukuba utyelela iindawo ezaziwa ngokuba neengcongconi, iintakumba, okanye iintwala, sebenzisa impahla ephathwe nge-permethrin. Musa ukufaka i-permethrin ngqo eluswini lwakho.
• Nxibelelana nogqirha wezilwanyana malunga nendlela yokuthintela iintakumba kwizilwanyana zakho zasekhaya.
• Gcina iimpuku kunye nee-opossum kude nekhaya lakho kunye neendawo zokudlala. Coca ibrashi, gcina iimbiza zenkunkuma zivaliwe kakuhle, kwaye uvale naziphi na iindawo zokungena apho iimpuku zinokungena khona.
• Gcina konke ukutya neziselo zigqunyiwe, ingakumbi xa usitya ngaphandle.
• Hlamba rhoqo ngesepha namanzi afudumeleyo.
• Tshintsha uze uhlambe impahla yakho ubuncinane kube kanye ngeveki.
• Musa ukwabelana ngezinto zakho zobuqu ezifana neebhedi, iitawuli, okanye iimpahla nabanye.
• Ukuba impahla yakho izaliswe ziintwala, zihlambe emanzini ashushu uze uzomise kubushushu obuphezulu. Kwizinto ezingenako ukuhlamba ngomatshini, zivale kwiingxowa zeplastiki kangangeeveki ezimbini ukuze ubulale iintwala.

Nangona izinambuzane zihlala ziyinto ephazamisayo, zinokusasaza izifo ezinzulu. Nokuba isifo setyphus sinqabile kwindawo okuyo, ukwazi iimpawu, indlela esisasazeka ngayo, kunye nendlela yokuhlala ukhuselekile yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yohambo lwakho lwempilo neNirogi Lanka.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• I-Typhus lusulelo lwebhaktheriya olusasazeka zizinambuzane (iintakumba, iintwala, iingqakumba). Yimeko enzima kakhulu efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.
• Ukuba uqalisa ukuba nomkhuhlane ophezulu, ukurhawuzelela, iintlungu zomzimba, okanye intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu —ingakumbi emva kokuba ukwindawo apho ezi zinambuzane zikhona—bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko.
• Musa ukuzama ukuzixilonga okanye ukuzinyanga. Udinga uvavanyo lobuchwephesha ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane afanelekileyo.
• Ukuthintela yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela. Ukusebenzisa izikhuseli, ukufihla, ukugcina indawo ekhayeni lakho icocekile, kunye nokunyamekela impilo yezilwanyana zasekhaya kubalulekile.
• Oomama abakhulelweyo kufuneka balumke kakhulu kwaye balandele la manyathelo okuthintela ukukhulelwa.

Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu okanye unengxaki malunga neempawu, nceda ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Ukuhlala unolwazi linyathelo lokuqala lokuhlala usempilweni!

Amagama angundoqo: I-Typhus, Umkhuhlane othwalwa zizinambuzane, Usulelo lweebhaktheriya, Iintakumba, Iintwala, IiChiggers, I-Scrub Typhus