Masifunde ngakumbi ngeTyphus fever. Esi sifo sithwalwa zizinambuzane asiyonto yokuhlekisa!

Ngaba ukhe waziva ugula ngequbuliso, waba nomkhuhlane ophezulu, waza wavela nezilonda ezibomvu ezifana namadyungudyungu emzimbeni wakho? Mhlawumbi ukhe waya ehlathini okanye ehlathini, okanye ukhe wabona iincukuthu okanye iintakumba ekhayeni lakho, kwaye oku kuye kwenzeka kuwe, kusenokuba yityphus. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba esi sisifo esingasekhoyo. Kodwa asiyonyani, abantu basagula ngenxa yaso.

Yintoni iTyphus?

Ngamafutshane, iTyphus ligama eliqhelekileyo leqela lezifo ezibangelwa ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zosulelo lweentsholongwane. Ezi zisasazeka ngokulunywa zizinambuzane. Iimpawu eziphambili ngumkhuhlane ophezulu kunye neentlungu zomzimba. Ukuba azinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, oku kunokuba nzima kwaye kukhokelele kwiingxaki ezinkulu, akunjalo?

Ngaphambili, ingakumbi ngamaxesha eengxaki ezifana nemfazwe nendlala, ezi zifo zetyphus zazibulala amakhulu amawaka abantu. Kodwa ngoku ezi zifo zinqabile. Kodwa, kwelinye icala, uhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi-'scrub typhus' lusachaphazela izigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela minyaka le. Ngoko ke esi asisosifo sokulibala.

Ziziphi iintlobo zeTyphus?

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeTyphus. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu esidla ngokuthetha ngazo:

• I-Murine typhus: Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-'endemic typhus'. Inokubonwa kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, kuquka neSri Lanka. Ithambile kancinci kunezinye iintlobo ezimbini ze-typhus. I-Murine typhus isasazeka ziintakumba. Khawuthelekelele ukuba ungayifumana kwintakumba enja okanye ekatini yakho ekhaya.

• I-Epidemic typhus: Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-'Sylvatic typhus', ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo zaseAfrika nakuMbindi Melika naseMzantsi Melika. I-Epidemic typhus isasazeka ziintwala zomzimba. Ngamanye amaxesha ikwabikwa nakwamanye amazwe afana ne-United States, apho idluliselwa khona ngokudibana nee-flying squirrels ezosulelekileyo.

• I-Scrub typhus: Olu luhlobo esele silukhankanyile, olufunyanwa ngabantu abaninzi. Lufumaneka kwiindawo zasemaphandleni, oko kukuthi, eMzantsi-mpuma naseMpuma Asia, kwiZiqithi zePasifiki, eRashiya naseOstreliya. Lufumaneka naseSri Lanka, ngakumbi kwiindawo apho kulinywa khona i-henna nakwiindawo ezikufutshane namahlathi. I-Scrub typhus isasazeka zii-chiggers okanye ii-mites ezincinci. Zizo ezithwala esi sifo.

Zithini iimpawu zeTyphus?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezenzekayo xa ufumana i-typhus. Ezi mpawu azibonakali kubo bonke abantu ngendlela efanayo, abanye abantu banokufumana ezinye iimpawu kuphela. Kwakhona, iimpawu zinokwahluka kancinci kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-typhus.

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu: Oku kungaba ngaphezulu kwama-40 degrees Celsius (104 Fahrenheit). Lo mkhuhlane unokuhlala iintsuku ezininzi, okanye iiveki.
• Ukuziva ubanda kwaye uqhaqhazela (Ukugodola).
• Umzimba wam wonke uqaqamba. Kuvakala ngathi kukho umntu ondibethileyo.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Irhashalala: Oku kudla ngokuvela emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba ezinye iimpawu zivele. Kuqala esifubeni nasesiswini kuze kudlulele emzimbeni wonke. Nangona kunjalo, akubonakali kwiintende zezandla okanye ezinyaweni.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza.
• Intlungu yesisu.
• Ii-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo: Njengasentanyeni nasemakhwapheni.
• Ukudideka okanye ukutshintsha kwesimo sengqondo.
• Iimpawu zesifo sokuwa (Ukuxhuzula).
• I-Coma. Ezi ziimeko ezinzulu kakhulu.
• I-Eschar: Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kwi-scrub typhus. Isilonda esimnyama nesirhabaxa senzeka kwindawo yokulunywa ziincukuthu, sifana nokutsha.

Khumbula, ayinguye wonke umntu oza kuba nazo zonke ezi mpawu, kodwa ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, ingakumbi ukuba ucinga ukuba ulunywe sisinambuzane, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

Yintoni ebangela iTyphus?

Zonke iintlobo ezintathu ze-typhus zibangelwa yibhaktheriya, oko kuthetha izinto ezincinci esingenakuzibona ngamehlo ethu.

• I-murine typhus ibangelwa yintsholongwane iRickettsia typhi .
• I-typhus ebangelwa yintsholongwane iRickettsia prowazekii .
• I-Scrub typhus yenziwa yintsholongwane `Orientia tsutsugamushi` .

Oku kungabonakala kunzima kancinci, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba oogqirha baxilonge ngokuchanekileyo esi sifo.

Isifo seTyphus sidluliselwa njani?

Ngoku makhe sibone indlela esi sifo esidluliselwa ngayo kuthi. Sidluliselwa xa intakumba, intwala, okanye ikhalane eliphethe intsholongwane yeTyphus likuluma kwaye ilindle lazo lingena enxebeni lokulunywa. Akumnandi kakhulu, akunjalo? Kodwa yinyani.

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-typhus zisasazwa ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinambuzane:

• I-Murine typhus: Oku kusasazeka ziintakumba zeekati (`Ctenocephalides felis`) kunye neentakumba zeempuku (`Xenopsylla cheopis`). Njengoko igama lisitsho, ayizizo iikati neempuku kuphela ezinokuthwala esi sifo, kodwa nezinye iimpuku ezifana nezinja, iimpuku ezincinci, ii-opossum, ii-raccoon, kunye nee-squirrels. Ngoko ke ukuba unezilwanyana zasekhaya ekhaya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzigcina zicocekile.

• I-typhus yobhubhane: Oku kusasazeka ziintwala zomzimba. Ezi ntwala zixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi apho abantu bahlala kunye kwaye ucoceko olusisiseko, njengokuhlamba nokunxiba impahla ecocekileyo, alukho. Cinga ngeenkampu zababaleki, okanye iindawo ezifana namakhaya anabantu abaninzi, angcolileyo. Kumazwe afana ne-United States, ezi ntwala zisulelekileyo zinokusasazwa zizilwanyana ezifana nee-flying squirrels.

• I-Scrub typhus:Ibangelwa ziintaka ezihlala kwiindawo ezinengca eninzi okanye amahlahla. Xa uhamba endle, endle, okanye ehlathini, ezi zidalwa zinokunamathela emzimbeni wakho zize zikulume.

Ngaba iTyphus isasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye?

Hayi, akukho nanye kwezi ntlobo zintathu ze-typhus edluliselwa ngqo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Oko kukuthi, azibanjiswa lula njengomkhuhlane. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezixineneyo, iintwala zinokuthwala intsholongwane ye-typhus ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ngoko ke ucoceko lomntu lubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sisifo seTyphus?

Usengozini yokufumana isifo se-typhus ukuba ukwindawo apho kuxhaphake khona iintakumba, iintwala zomzimba, okanye iincukuthu ezithwala iintsholongwane ezibangela esi sifo. Kufuneka ulumke ngakumbi xa uhamba kwiindawo ezinjalo kwaye usebenza ngaphandle.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zeTyphus?

Ukuba esi sifo asinyangwa kakuhle, iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zinokubakho. Ezinye zazo zinzima kakhulu.

• Amahlwili egazi.
• I-Splenomegaly.
• Ukukhubazeka kobuso.
• I-Gangrene: Oku kuthetha ukufa kwezicubu.
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva.
• I-Meningitis: Imeko yengqondo efana nomkhuhlane.
• I-Myocarditis: Ukudumba kwemisipha yentliziyo.
• I-Optic neuritis: Ukudumba komthambo osesweni.
• Ukukhupha ulwelo olujikeleze imiphunga: Ukuqokelelana kolwelo olujikeleze imiphunga.
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga.
• Ukungaphumeleli kokuphefumla.

Usulelo lweTyphus ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni lunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphuma kwesisu, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, kunye nokuzalwa komntwana obunzima obuphantsi . Ke ngoko, oomama abakhulelweyo kufuneka balumke kakhulu ngale nto.

Ifunyanwa njani isifo seTyphus?

Ugqirha udla ngokuxilonga isifo se-typhus ngokujonga iimpawu zakho nokuba uhlala kwindawo apho esi sifo sixhaphakileyo okanye ukhe waya kuyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba imbali yakho yohambo ibaluleke kakhulu.

Ukongeza, ugqirha angenza uvavanyo lwegazi , okanye athathe isampuli encinci (i-'biopsy') ye-'eschar', oko kukuthi, uqweqwe apho ikhala liluma khona.

Xa usiya kugqirha, kufuneka uchaze ngokucacileyo ukuba ubukhe waya na kutshanje na, nokuba ucinga ukuba ukhe walunywa zizilwanyana ezifana neentakumba, iintwala, okanye amakhakha. Nokuba awukhumbuli, nokuba ucinga ukuba ukhe walunywa.

Ngamanye amaxesha, xa usenza uvavanyo lwegazi okanye i-biopsy, kungathatha iiveki ezimbalwa ukuba iziphumo zibuye. Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwegazi oluninzi kangangeeveki ezithile. Kodwa ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba kukho into engalunganga, uza kuqala unyango kuwe ngaphandle kokulinda iziphumo.

Ngaba iTyphus inganyangeka?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo! Ukosuleleka yiTyphus kunokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane . Oogqirha badla ngokunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane abizwa ngokuba yiDoxycycline ( Doxycycline ) kwi-murine, epidemic, kunye ne-scrub typhus. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhulelwe okanye unezinye iingxaki zempilo, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ahlukileyo.

Kuthekani ukuba unesifo seTyphus?

Ukuba ufumana i-typhus, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kangangeentsuku ezintathu ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-typhus.

Into enye eqinisekileyo kukuba, ukuba awufumani unyango lwe-typhus ebhubhane, iimpawu ziya kuphela okwethutyana zize zibuye emva kweenyanga okanye iminyaka. Oku kubizwa ngokuba sisifo sikaBrill-Zinsser . Esi siganeko sesibini seempawu sidla ngokuba sincinci kunesokuqala. Akufane kubangele iingxaki ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimpawu zakho ziyabuya, iintwala zinokusasaza esi sifo kwabanye. Ngoko khumbula oko.

Ngaba ungasinda kwi-typhus?

Ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye inyangwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, phantse zonke iintlobo ze-typhus zinokunyangeka. Oko kuthetha ukuba ingqikelelo ilungile kakhulu.

I-murine typhus sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Kodwa ukuba ayinyangwa, izinga lokufa kwezinye iintlobo ze-typhus liyahluka. Iingcali zithi ubhubhane olunganyangwanga kunye ne-scrub typhus zinokuba nezinga lokufa eliphakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-30%. Ngoko ke esi asisosifo esifanele sithathwe lula, akunjalo?

Ufanele ufune nini ingcebiso kagqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-typhus kwaye ucinga ukuba usenokuba ulunywe yintakumba, intwala, okanye i-tick (nokuba awukhumbuli), qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Kwakhona xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhe waya naphi na kutshanje.

Ufanele uye nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Ukuba uneempawu ezimandundu, fowunela u-911 ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane. Ezi mpawu zimandundu zezi:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu okanye umkhuhlane ohlala iintsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa.
• Ukudideka okanye olunye utshintsho lwengqondo.
• Iimpawu zesifo sokuwa (Ukuxhuzula).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Ukudinwa okanye ubuthathaka obukhulu.
• Ukuba umntu akanakuvuswa, okanye ubuthathaka kakhulu ukuba angavuka, fowunela iinkonzo zongxamiseko ngoko nangoko.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha wakho?

Xa ubona ugqirha, kuya kuba luncedo kuwe ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ulithatha njani kanye kanye eli yeza?
• Ndingazikhusela njani kwiintakumba, kwiinkozo, nakwiintwala?
• Ukuba ndineentwala okanye iintakumba apho ndihlala khona, ndingazisusa njani?

Indlela yokuthintela iTyphus?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-typhus kukuphepha ukulunywa ziintakumba, iintwala, kunye neenkawu. Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuze uzikhusele koku kulunywa zizinambuzane:

• Xa uphuma ngaphandle, sebenzisa isitshizi sezinambuzane esivunyiweyo ukuthintela iintakumba kunye neenkowane.
• Xa ungaphandle, nxiba iibhulukhwe ezinde, iikawusi, kunye neehempe ezinemikhono emide ukuze ugqume umzimba wakho kangangoko unako.
• Ukuba uya kwindawo ocinga ukuba kukho iimpukane, iintakumba, okanye iintwala kuyo, nxiba impahla ephathwe nge-permethrin. Kodwa ungayifaki ngqo eluswini lwakho i-permethrin.
• Thetha nogqirha wezilwanyana malunga nendlela yokuthintela iintakumba ukuba zingangeni kwizilwanyana zakho zasekhaya.
• Gcina izilwanyana ezifana neempuku kunye nee-opossum kude nalapho uhlala khona, usebenza khona, kwaye udlala khona. Susa iimfumba zenkunkuma, gcina iibhokisi zenkunkuma zivaliwe kakuhle, kwaye uvale nayiphi na imingxunya enokuthi iimpuku zingene ekhayeni lakho.
• Gcina ukutya neziselo zigqunyiwe kakuhle, ingakumbi ngaphandle.
• Hlamba umzimba wakho wonke rhoqo ngesepha namanzi ashushu.
• Tshintsha uze uhlambe impahla yakho ubuncinane kube kanye ngeveki.
• Musa ukwabelana ngezinto zakho zobuqu ezifana neebhedi, iimpahla, kunye neetawuli nabanye.
• Ukuba uneentwala empahleni yakho, zihlambe emanzini ashushu uze uzomise kakuhle elangeni, okanye uzomise kubushushu obuphezulu. Ukuba impahla yakho ayihlanjwa ngomatshini, ungazibulala neentwala ngokuzifaka kwiingxowa zeplastiki, uzivale kakuhle, uze uzishiye iiveki ezimbini.

Ixesha elininzi, izinambuzane zizinto nje ezibangela iingxaki. Kodwa zinokusasaza izifo ezinokukwenza ugule kakhulu. Nokuba isifo setyphus asifumaneki kwindawo okuyo, kubalulekile ukwazi iimpawu zaso, indlela esisasazeka ngayo, kunye nendawo esixhaphake kuyo.

Ngoko ke, nazi ezinye izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• I-Typhus sisifo esidluliselwa ziintsholongwane (iintakumba, iintwala, ii-tick). Asisisifo esinokudlalwa ngaso, kwaye sinokuba yingozi ukuba asinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane ophezulu, iintlungu zomzimba, iintlungu zomzimba, kunye nentloko ebuhlungu , ingakumbi ukuba ukhe wadibana nendawo apho izinambuzane zinokubakho khona, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko.
• Musa ukuzinyanga. Kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ukuze ufumane ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane amiselweyo.
• Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela ekulunyweni zizinambuzane kukusebenzisa izinto ezigxotha izinambuzane, ukunxiba impahla egquma umzimba wakho, ukugcina indawo ohlala kuyo icocekile, nokunyamekela impilo yezilwanyana zasekhaya.
• Oomama abakhulelweyo kufuneka bakuqaphele oku ngakumbi baze balandele amanyathelo okhuseleko.

Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, okanye ukuba uneempawu ezikrokrisayo, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha. Ukuhlala usempilweni yeyona nto ibalulekileyo!

ITyphus , ITyphus, Umkhuhlane wezinambuzane, Usulelo lweebhaktheriya, Iintakumba, Iintwala, Iintakumba, I-Scrub typhus