Xa sisiva igama elithi umhlaza, uninzi lwethu luziva lisoyika kwaye luxinezelekile. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Kodwa ngokuhambela phambili kwesayensi yezonyango, kuye kwavela unyango olutsha olusinceda silawule umhlaza kwaye siphile ubomi obungcono. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngodidi olukhethekileyo lwamayeza ajolise kwaye ayeke ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yiTyrosine Kinase Inhibitors, okanye ii-TKIs ngamafutshane.
Ngamafutshane, zithini iiTyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs)?
Olu luhlobo lwamayeza olubizwa ngokuba "lunyango olujoliswe ekujoliswe kulo." Cinga ngale ndlela: unyango lomhlaza oluqhelekileyo (i-chemotherapy) lufana nebhombu ephoswe emfazweni. Lunokubulala amajoni otshaba (iiseli zomhlaza) kunye nabantu bethu abamsulwa (iiseli eziphilileyo). Kodwa olu nyango lujoliswe ekujoliswe kulo olubizwa ngokuba yi-TKI lufana ne-sniper. Lujonga ngqo kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo kwaye lonakalise iiseli zomhlaza kuphela. Umonakalo kwiiseli eziphilileyo mncinane kakhulu.
La mayeza asebenza ngokuthintela ii-enzymes ngaphakathi kweeseli zomhlaza ezizinceda zikhule kwaye zahlukane ngokukhawuleza. La mayeza asenokunganyangi umhlaza ngokupheleleyo, kodwa anokunceda ukulawula umhlaza aze awubuyisele kwimeko yokuxolelwa ixesha elide , okanye anokukunceda uphile ixesha elide kwaye usempilweni xa unomhlaza.
Eli yeza lisebenza njani emzimbeni?
Ukuze siqonde oku, makhe sijonge indlela ezilawulwa ngayo iiseli emzimbeni wethu. Cinga ngeeseli zethu ezahlukanayo njengokungathi zikhanyisa isibane.
1. Izinto ezibangela ukukhula: Ezi zifana nomnwe ojika iswitshi yokukhanyisa. Zizo ezinika iiseli isignali yokuba "zahlule ngoku."
2. IiTyrosine kinases: Ezi zizitshixo zokukhanyisa. Xa uzivula ngomnwe wakho, ziyavula 'On', kwaye iiseli ziqala ukwahlukana. Xa isidingo siphelile, ziyavula 'On' kwakhona.
Kwiiseli ezisempilweni, olu tshintsho lusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo. Luvula 'i-On' xa kufuneka, kwaye lucime 'i-On' xa umsebenzi ugqityiwe.
Kodwa kwezinye iiseli zomhlaza, ingakumbi kuhlobo lomhlaza wegazi olubizwa ngokuba yiChronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) , olu tshintsho olubizwa ngokuba yi-'Tyrosine kinase' alusebenzi. Luhlala luvuliwe. Oko kuthetha ukuba iiseli zihlala zifumana isibonakaliso sokuba "zahlule, zahlule, zahlule." Ngoko ke ezi seli zomhlaza zahlulahlula ngokungalawulekiyo, zizalise umongo wethambo kwaye ziyeke ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi eziphilileyo.
Kulapho ke amayeza e-TKI aqala khona ukusebenza. Oko kwenziwa ngala mayeza kukucima ngamandla loo switch iphukileyo, ehlala ivuliwe. Emva koko iiseli zomhlaza zilahlekelwa luphawu lokwahlukana, kwaye ukukhula kwazo kuyayeka. Ngaba uyaqonda ukuba loo nkqubo icacile kangakanani?
Zeziphi iintlobo zomhlaza ezisetyenziselwa amayeza e-TKI?
La mayeza ngoku asetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza. Jonga itheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Uhlobo lomhlaza | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Umhlaza webele one-HER2-positive | Uhlobo lomhlaza wamabele oluneproteni engaphezulu ebizwa ngokuba yiHER2 kumphezulu weeseli. |
| I-leukemia engapheliyo ye-lymphocytic | Umhlaza wegazi okhula kancinci ochaphazela uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi. |
| Iithumba zesisu | Luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga oluvela eludongeni lwenkqubo yokugaya ukutya. |
| Umhlaza wezintso | Kwimihlaza eqala kwiiseli zezintso. |
| Umhlaza wemiphunga (umhlaza wemiphunga ongengoweeseli ezincinci) | Ukunyanga uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wemiphunga. |
| Umhlaza wolusu (iMelanoma) | Uhlobo olubi lomhlaza wolusu olukhula kwiiseli ezinika ulusu umbala walo. |
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayizizo zonke iziyobisi ze-TKI ezisebenzela zonke iintlobo zomhlaza. Ugqirha wakho uza kukhetha iyeza elifanelekileyo kuwe ngokusekelwe kwimfuza yomhlaza wakho.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kula mayeza?
Ewe. Njengayo nayiphi na iyeza, eli linokuba nemiphumo emibi. Kodwa la mayeza ahluka kakhulu kumntu ngamnye kwaye kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweyeza olithathayo. Abanye abantu banokufumana ukungakhululeki okuncinci, ngelixa abanye banokufumana okunzima ngakumbi.
Ezinye zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo zezi:
- Ukudinwa nokudinwa: Oku kuqhelekile kakhulu.
- Urhudo: Ukuhamba kwamathumbu.
- Iingxaki zesikhumba: Ukurhawuzelela kwesikhumba, ukoma, ukurhawuzelela, njl. Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga , iimeko zesikhumba ezinzima ezifana neStevens-Johnson syndrome zinokubakho.
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
- Iiproteni kwi-uria
- Ukunciphisa okanye ukuzuza ubunzima
Kubalulekile: Ngaphambi kokuba uqale olu nyango, ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa ngokucacileyo ngemiphumo emibi enokubakho yamayeza oza kuwafumana. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha okanye ukungakhululeki ngexesha lonyango.
Singenza ntoni ukuze unyango lube lula?
Unyango lomhlaza luhambo olunzima, ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqondo. Zimbalwa izinto onokuzenza ukuze olu hambo lube lula kancinci.
- Eyona nto ilungileyo yokudinwa kukuphumla: Ukuba uziva udiniwe, qonda ukuba kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Phumla kangangoko unako. Kukwalungile nokulala kancinci emini.
- Lumka ngendlela otya ngayo: Abanye abantu bancipha ubunzima ngenxa yokungabi namdla wokutya. Abanye banokutyeba. Ukuba uvakalelwa ngolu hlobo, cela uncedo kwingcali yesondlo . Banokwenza isicwangciso sokutya esifanela imeko yakho.
- Cwangcisa usuku lwakho: Unyango lunokutshintsha ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla kakhulu. Zama ukugcina izinto zihlelekile ngokumakisha amadinga kagqirha wakho kunye namadinga amayeza kwikhalenda.
- Funda ngePalliative Care: Le yinto abantu abaninzi abangayaziyo, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu. I-Palliative care luhlobo olukhethekileyo lonyango, ukongeza kunyango lomhlaza, olukunceda ukuba uphile kamnandi nesigulo sakho ngokulawula iimpawu ezifana nentlungu, isicaphucaphu, ukudinwa, kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango. Buza ugqirha wakho ngale nto.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezinye iiseli zomhlaza zinokuba nokumelana nala mayeza e-TKI kwaye ziyeke ukuphendula kunyango. Oku kubizwa ngokuba 'kukumelana namayeza'. Ngamaxesha anjalo, ugqirha wakho unokukutshintshela kwelinye iyeza le-TKI okanye olunye unyango. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala unxibelelana rhoqo nogqirha wakho ngexesha lonyango.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- IiTyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) ziindidi zamayeza aphucukileyo ajolise kwaye athintele inkqubo yokubonisa ebandakanyeka ekukhuleni kweeseli zomhlaza.
- Endaweni yokuba zinyange umhlaza ngokupheleleyo, ezi zilawula esi sifo kwaye zincede izigulana ziphile ubomi obude nobungcono.
- Olu nyango ludla ngokunikezelwa njengepilisi ethathwa yonke imihla, kwaye isicwangciso sonyango simiselwa ngugqirha wakho.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokwenzeka kwaye ziyahluka kumntu nomntu. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na ingxaki ngokukhawuleza.
- Amayeza e-TKI ayindlela enkulu yonyango lomhlaza, nto leyo enika ithemba elitsha kwizigulana ezininzi.
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