Xa ilanga likhanya eSri Lanka yethu, likhanya ngokwenene, akunjalo? Uninzi lwethu luyalithanda ilanga. Asinakwenza izinto ezinjengokudlala ngaphandle, ukusebenza, ukuya elunxwemeni, nokudlala ikhilikithi ngaphandle kwalo. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba kukho into ethile kweli langa lihle elingenakubonwa ngamehlo ethu, kodwa elingalunganga kulusu lwethu? Yiloo nto siza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje. Le isenokuba yinto ebalulekileyo ubomi bakho bonke.
Yintoni imitha ye-UV?
Ngamafutshane, imitha ye-ultraviolet (UV) luhlobo lwamandla akhutshwa lilanga. Le mitha ayibonakali emehlweni ethu kuba ubude bayo bomda bufutshane kunokukhanya okuqhelekileyo.
Khawuthelekelele, xa la mandla e-UV avela elangeni efika emhlabeni, anceda imizimba yethu ukuba yenze i-vitamin D. Kubalulekile ukuba siphile. Kodwa ingxaki kukuba, ukuba kukho into eninzi kakhulu ayilunganga, kwaye kunjalo nangalo. Ukuvezwa kakhulu kwimitha ye-UV kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu. Le mitha ye-UV ayikhuphi nje kuphela lilanga, kodwa ikwakhutshwa nazizinto ezithile zokukhanya ezenziweyo, ingakumbi ezo zisetyenziselwa ukuthambisa ulusu, ezifana neebhedi zokuthambisa.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zemitha ye-UV:
Le misebe ye-UV yahlulwe yaba ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ngokusekelwe kubude bayo be-wavelength. Ngayinye yazo ichaphazela ulusu lwethu ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.
| Uhlobo lwemitha ye-UV | Impembelelo kulusu |
|---|---|
| Imitha ye-UVA | Ezi zezona zinto zibangela ukuba ulusu lube nemibimbi, lube nombala omdaka (ulusu lube mnyama), kunye nokutsha kolusu. Ukuchatshazelwa zezi zinto ixesha elide kunokubangela umhlaza wolusu. |
| Imitha ye-UVB | Ezi zonakalisa ulusu olungaphandle. Zinokubangela amabala elanga, ulusu lube mnyama, kwaye luqhume amadyungudyungu. Lo monakalo ungakhokelela kumhlaza wolusu kwixesha elizayo. |
| Imitha ye-UVC | Asinaxhala kangako ngolu hlobo, kuba imitha ye-UVC iphantse ifunxwe ngokupheleleyo ngumoya woMhlaba. Ngenxa yoko, yimitha ye-UVA kunye ne-UVB kuphela efikelela emhlabeni. |
Kwenzeka ntoni kulusu lwakho xa utshiswa lilanga?
Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ukutshiswa lilanga kancinci kwenza ulusu lwakho lubukeke luhle kwaye lusempilweni. Kodwa inyani yile, ukutshiswa lilanga kunokutshintsha umbala wolusu lwakho, kukhawulezise ukwaluphala, kwaye konyuse umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezinokwenzeka kulusu lwakho:
- Umhlaza wolusu .
- Ukushwabana kolusu.
- Amabala .
- Amabala esibindi ayenzeka njengoko sikhula.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, imitha yelanga ye-UV yonakalisa imicu ye-elastin eluswini lwethu. Yicinge njengebhanti entsha yerabha. Inwebeka kakuhle kwaye ibuyele kwimo yayo yokuqala. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni xa igugile? Ilahlekelwa bubuthambile bayo kwaye iqhekeke lula. Yiloo nto eyenzekayo kulusu lwethu. Xa imicu ye-elastin iqhekeka, ulusu luqala ukugoba nokwelula. Ikwakrweleka kwaye ikrazuke lula, kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba inxeba liphole.
Ngoko ke nokuba awuboni monakalo mkhulu welanga xa usemncinci, ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuyibona imiphumo yalo njengoko ukhula.
Ukuchaza ngakumbi utshintsho lolusu olunxulumene nelanga:
- Izilonda ezingaphambi komhlaza kunye nokukhula komhlaza kunokukhula kube ngumhlaza. Umzekelo yi- Actinic Keratosis .
- Ukuvela kweethumba zesikhumba.
- Ukutshintsha kombala wolusu, amabala okanye ukutyheli kolusu.
- Imithambo yegazi emincinci eluswini iqala ukubonakala kumphezulu (i-Telangiectasias) .
- Ukushwabana kolusu (i-Elastosis) ngenxa yokonakala kweefayibha ze-elastin.
- Ukonakala kwamehlo, umzekelo i-cataracts okanye i-macular degeneration.
- Ukwaluphala kwangethuba.
Imitha ye-UV ibangela njani umhlaza?
Kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda le nto. Xa sichatshazelwa yimitha ye-UV eninzi, loo mitha yonakalisa iiseli zethu zolusu. Ngaphakathi kwiseli nganye kukho imolekyuli ye-DNA . Le DNA ifana nenkqubo yekhompyutha. Iqulethe yonke imiyalelo yokuba iseli kufuneka ikhule njani kunye nento emele yenze.
Imitha ye-UV ijolise ngqo kule DNA. Emva koko loo DNA yonakele. Kufana nentsholongwane eyosulela inkqubo yekhompyutha. Emva koko iiseli azikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo ngokufanelekileyo. Ziqala ukwahlukana nokwanda ngokungalawulekiyo, ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ezi seli zahlukana ngokungaqhelekanga ziyadibana ukuze zenze iithumba . Ezi thumba zisenokuba ngumhlaza okanye zingabi ngumhlaza.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba unobangela oyintloko womhlaza wolusu yimitha ye-UV evela elangeni. Kwaye khumbula, ukuchatshazelwa lilanga ebusika kuyingozi njengasehlotyeni.
Ukuchitha iminyaka emininzi ujongene nelanga kunokukhokelela kwi- Basal cell carcinoma kunye ne-Squamous cell carcinoma . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana ukutsha kakhulu lilanga kunye nama-blisters eluswini lwakho ubuncinane kanye ebomini bakho, ingakumbi ngaphambi kokuba ufikelele kwiminyaka eli-18 ubudala, kunokukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kweMelanoma , uhlobo lomhlaza wolusu oluyingozi kakhulu, kwixesha elizayo.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zomhlaza wolusu?
Umhlaza wolusu kukukhula okungalawulekiyo kweeseli zolusu. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zomhlaza wolusu:
1. I-Basal Cell Carcinoma
2. I-Squamous Cell Carcinoma
3. I-Melanoma
Kwezi, iiseli ze-basal kunye neeseli ze-squamous zezona zimbini zixhaphakileyo (ezibandakanya i-95% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wolusu). Ezi zithathwa njengee -non-melanoma cancers, oko kuthetha ukuba zinokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo ukuba zifunyenwe kwaye zinyangwe kwangethuba .
Nangona kunjalo, iMelanoma lolona hlobo lomhlaza wolusu oluyingozi nolunzima oluqala kwiiseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"melanocytes" ezinika ulusu umbala walo. IMelanoma yimbangela yokufa komhlaza wolusu kwi-75%. Ukuba ayinyangwa, lo mhlaza unokusasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuwulawula.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wolusu?
Nabani na unokufumana umhlaza wesikhumba ngenxa yemitha ye-UV, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancinci.
- Kwabo banesikhumba esimhlophe kakhulu
- Kwabo banemisonto emininzi eluswini lwabo
- Kwabo ulusu lwabo lujika lube bomvu kwaye lutsha lula xa lubekwe elangeni
- Kwabo banamehlo akhanyayo (luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, luhlaza)
- Kwabo baneenwele ezimhlophe okanye ezibomvu
Nantsi ingongoma ebalulekileyo. Abantu abafana nathi abanesikhumba esimnyama banomngcipheko omncinci wokuba nomhlaza wesikhumba kunabo banesikhumba esikhanyayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba umbala we -melanin eluswini lwethu ngokwendalo ukhusela kwimitha ye-UV. Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba asifumani umhlaza wesikhumba.Abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama nabo banokuba nomhlaza wesikhumba, ngoko ke ukhuseleko lubaluleke ngokulinganayo kuye wonke umntu.
Ukongeza kumbala wolusu, kukho nezinye izinto ezibangela umngcipheko:
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba nomhlaza wolusu ngaphambili.
- Ukuba usebenza ngaphandle elangeni ixesha elide (umz. abalimi, abasebenzi bokwakha).
- Ukuba uhlala kwindawo enemozulu enelanga.
- Ukuba wakha watshiswa lilanga kakhulu ebomini bakho.
- Ukuba uneempawu zokuzalwa ezinkulu nezingaqhelekanga emzimbeni wakho.
Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wolusu?
Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lwesilumkiso somhlaza wolusu kukutshintsha kolusu . Oku kungaba yi-mole entsha, iqhuma eluswini, isilonda esingapholiyo, okanye utshintsho kwi-mole ekhoyo.
- I-Basal Cell Carcinoma: Oku kudla ngokubonakala njengeqhubu elincinci, eligudileyo, elifana neeperile okanye elifana ne-wax elivela ebusweni okanye entanyeni. Ngamanye amaxesha linokubonakala njengebala elithe tyaba, elipinki/elibomvu okanye elimdaka.
- I-Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Oku kunokubonakala njengeqhubu eliqinileyo, elibomvu okanye ibala elirhabaxa, elinamaxolo, elithe tyaba eluswini. Ezi zinokurhawuzelela, zophe, kwaye zibe neqweqwe.
- I-Melanoma: Oku kudla ngokuqala njengebala okanye iqhuma elinombala (elimnyama, elimdaka). Nangona lisenokubonakala ngathi liphawu lokuzalwa eliqhelekileyo xa ulijonga okokuqala, i-melanoma idla ngokungahambelani ngemilo, umphetho, kunye nombala.
Indlela ye-ABCDE yokuxilonga i-melanoma
Kukho indlela elula kakhulu yokukunceda ubone i-melanoma, umhlaza wolusu oyingozi, kwangethuba. Ibizwa ngokuba ngumthetho we-ABCDE . Xa ujonga ii-moles eluswini lwakho, khumbula ezi zinto.
| Ileta | Intsingiselo (jonga ukuba ezi mpawu zikhona na) |
|---|---|
| A - Ukungalingani | Ukuba indawo yahlulwe phakathi, elinye icala aliyi kufana nelinye. |
| B - Umda | Umphetho wendawo awucaci, urhabaxa, ugobile, okanye ufiphale. |
| C - Umbala | Ibala alingombala omnye kuyo yonke indawo, kodwa ngumxube wemibala eliqela efana nomdaka, omnyama, obomvu, omhlophe, okanye oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
| D - Ububanzi | Ubungakanani be-mole bukhulu kunobungakanani be-pensile raser (6 mm) okanye buya bukhula. |
| E - Ukuguquka | Utshintsho kubungakanani, imo, umbala, okanye uhlobo (umz., ukurhawuzelela, ukopha) lwendawo ngokuhamba kwexesha. |
Ungalukhusela njani ulusu lwakho elangeni kwaye unciphise umngcipheko womhlaza?
Nangona umhlaza wolusu ungenakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wethu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwenza le mikhwa ibe ngumkhwa.
- Sebenzisa i-sunscreen: Sebenzisa i-sunscreen ene-SPF (Sun Protection Factor) engama-30 nangaphezulu. Faka kancinci imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuba uphume elangeni. Ukuba uselangeni, phinda ufake rhoqo emva kweeyure ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Faka kwakhona ngaphambi kokuba ubile okanye uqubhe.
- Nxiba impahla yokuzikhusela: Nxiba impahla enemikhono emide kunye neebhulukhwe ezinde ezigubungela ulusu kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
- Nxiba umnqwazi obanzi: Sebenzisa umnqwazi obanzi okhusela ubuso bakho, iindlebe, kunye nentamo elangeni.
- Nxiba iiglasi zelanga: Sebenzisa iiglasi zelanga ezine-UV ukuzikhusela amehlo akho kunye nolusu oluthambileyo olujikeleze amehlo akho kwimitha ye-UV.
- Ziphephe iiyure ezishushu kakhulu elangeni: Ziphephe ukuvezwa elangeni ngqo phakathi kwentsimbi ye-10 kusasa ne-4 emva kwemini kangangoko unako. Kulapho ke imisebe ye-UV inamandla khona.
- Zihlole rhoqo ulusu: Ubuncinane kanye ngenyanga, yiya phambi kwesibuko uhlole umzimba wakho wonke. Khangela amabala amatsha kunye notshintsho kumabala amadala. Khumbula umthetho we-ABCDE.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Kulula kakhulu. Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho eluswini lwakho olurhanelayo okanye olubangela inkxalabo, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Isenokuba yindawo entsha, iqhuma, isilonda esingapholiyo, okanye utshintsho kwindawo endala.
Kumhlaza wolusu, ingakumbi i-melanoma,Ukufunyanwa kwangoko yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusindisa ubomi. Ngoko ke musa ukulibazisa ngokuthi, "Masilinde ithutyana." Ukuba unamathandabuzo amancinci, funa ingcebiso kagqirha.
Eminye imibuzo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha wakho:
- Zithini iziphumo zokuchacha elangeni ixesha elide?
- Loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza wolusu endinalo? (Ukuba ndifunyenwe ndinesifo)
- Yintoni ebangele umhlaza wolusu lwam?
- Ndingazikhusela njani kwimitha ye-UV yelanga?
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Eyona nto ibangela umhlaza wolusu kukuvezwa kakhulu kwimitha ye-UV evela elangeni.
- Nokuba ulusu lwakho lunjani na, nabani na unokufumana umhlaza wolusu, ngoko ke ukhuseleko lubalulekile kuye wonke umntu.
- Jonga ulusu lwakho rhoqo. Khangela amabala amatsha, amaqhuma, okanye utshintsho kumabala akhoyo (ingakumbi ngokulandela umthetho we-ABCDE).
- Zikhusele elangeni rhoqo. Sebenzisa i-SPF 30+ sunscreen, nxiba impahla egquma ulusu lwakho, umnqwazi, kunye nee-sunglasses. Kuphephe ukukhanya kwelanga phakathi kwentsimbi ye-10 kusasa ne-4 emva kwemini.
- Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olungathandabuzekiyo eluswini lwakho, musa ukulibazisa kwaye ubone ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kunokukhokelela kunyango oluphumelelayo.
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