Sonke siyachama izihlandlo ezininzi ngemini. Kodwa ngaba wakha wazibuza ngendlela emangalisayo esebenza ngayo le nkqubo yonke? Ubusazi na ukuba le nkqubo ikhupha inkunkuma emzimbeni wethu njengolwelo ine-membrane ekhethekileyo ekhuselayo eyikhusela ngaphakathi? Nguye lowo umkhuseli ongathethiyo esiza kuthetha ngaye namhlanje. Igama lakhe yi-urothelium.
Kalula nje, yintoni le urothelium?
Cinga ngenkqubo yakho yomchamo njengombhobho wamanzi. Umchamo, oveliswa zizintso, uhamba ngee-ureters, uqokelelana kwisinyi, uze uphume nge-urethra. Ngoku, lo mchamo awungomanzi nje kuphela. Uqulethe iikhemikhali ezingafunekiyo ngumzimba, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba yingozi kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Umchamo ukwalulwelo olune-asidi kancinci.
Ngoko ke, indlela ehamba ngayo umchamo, oko kukuthi, ukusuka ngaphakathi kwamalungu anjengesinyi kunye nomchamo, kufuneka kubekho isigqubuthelo esomeleleyo ukuthintela ukuba ezi zinto ziyingozi zingangeni emzimbeni, oko kukuthi, egazini nakwimisipha yethu. Eso sigqubuthelo sikhethekileyo sibizwa ngokuba yi-urothelium.
Oku kufana nepeyinti engangeni manzi eludongeni lwendlu yethu. Loo peyinti ithintela amanzi ukuba angangeni ngaphakathi endlwini. Ngendlela efanayo, i-urothelium iyayithintela into equlethwe ngumchamo ukuba ingangeni emzimbeni. Yenziwe ziingqimba ezininzi zeeseli ezinamathelene kakhulu. Enye indlela emangalisayo yale seli kukuba zinokolula kakuhle xa isinyi sigcwele kwaye zibuyele esiqhelweni xa singenanto.
Zithini imisebenzi ephambili ye-urothelium?
Inkonzo enikezelwa yile membrane incinci ayisiyonto incinci. Makhe sijonge eminye yemisebenzi yayo ephambili.
| Umsebenzi | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Umqobo wokhuseleko | Ithintela izinto ezine-asidi nezinokuba yingozi kumchamo ukuba zingangeni kwizicwili ezinzulu, ezifana nemithambo yegazi kunye nemisipha. |
| Ukhuseleko kwizifo | Iyathintela iintsholongwane, ezifana neebhaktheriya, ukuba zingangeni kwindlela yomchamo, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthinteleni usulelo lwendlela yomchamo (UTIs). |
| Ukuhanjiswa kwesignali | Xa isinyi sizala, sibona uxinzelelo lwaloo nto igcwalisayo kwaye sincede ekuthumeleni umyalezo engqondweni ngenkqubo yemithambo-luvo othi "Ndifuna ukuchama ngoku." |
| Ukuguquguquka (ukuzolula) | Isinyi siyavunyelwa ukuba sande njengebhaluni xa sizaliswe ngumchamo size siphinde sinciphe xa singenanto. Nokuba oku kusolula kwenzeka, umqobo wokukhusela awuphuki. |
| Ummiselo | Le membrane ikwakwazi ukulawula amanqanaba amanzi, iityuwa, kunye nezinye izinto kumchamo ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile. |
Iphi i-urothelium?
Esi sigqubuthelo sokukhusela sifumaneka kakhulu kwicandelo elisezantsi lenkqubo yethu yomchamo. Oko kukuthi:
- I-Renal pelvis: Le yinxalenye efana nekomityi yezintso apho umchamo oveliswa ngaphakathi kuyo uqokelela khona okokuqala.
- Ii-ureters: Iityhubhu ezimbini ezithwala umchamo ukusuka kwizintso ukuya kwisinyi.
- Isinyi: Ingxowa eqokelela negcina umchamo.
- I-Urethra: Umbhobho othwala umchamo ukusuka kwisinyi ukuya ngaphandle komzimba.
Iileya ezintathu ze-urothelium
Lo asingomaleko omnye nje kuphela. Njengenqaba, unemaleko amathathu aphambili.
| Umaleko | Ubuchwephesha kunye nomsebenzi |
|---|---|
| 1. Umaleko ongaphezulu (Iiseli ze-umbrella) | Olu lulo luhlu oluphezulu olujongene ngqo nomchamo. Iiseli ezikule leya zinkulu, njengesambrela esigubungela iiseli ezininzi ngaphantsi, yiyo loo nto kuthiwa 'ziiseli ze-umbrella'. Xa isinyi sigcwele, ezi seli zithe tyaba kwaye zinwebeke. Ukuba intsholongwane ingena, ezi seli ziyafa kwaye ziqhekeke kwaye ziphume kunye nomchamo. Oko kukuthi, iseli 'iyachithwa' kunye nentsholongwane. |
| 2. Umaleko ophakathi | Olu lulwelo oluphakathi. Ukuba iiseli ezikwileya ephezulu zonakele, olu lwelo luvelisa iiseli ezintsha ukugcwalisa isithuba. Kufana 'ne-backup'. Njengoko isinyi sizala, ubukhulu balo lwelo lweya buyancipha. |
| 3. Umaleko osezantsi | Le yeyona maleko inzulu, ikufutshane nezihlunu kunye nemithambo yegazi. Iqulethe iiseli ezincinci kule membrane. Ezi ziiseli ze-stem ezinceda ekuvuseleleni i-urothelium yonke. |
Ngamafutshane, ezi layer zintathu zisebenza kunye njengeqela ukugcina impilo yenkqubo yethu yomchamo. Ukuba layer enye yonakele, ezinye zinceda ukuyibuyisela kwimeko yayo.
Izifo ezichaphazela i-urothelium
Xa olu lwelwesi olukhuselayo lonakele okanye umsebenzi walo utshintsha, izifo ezahlukeneyo zinokwenzeka.
- Umhlaza: Uninzi lomhlaza wesinyi luqala kwiiseli ze-urothelium. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-urothelial carcinoma . Abantu abatshayayo basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa lolu hlobo lomhlaza.
- I-Interstitial Cystitis: Le yimeko ebuhlungu engapheliyo echaphazela isinyi. Abanye oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba umonakalo kwi-urothelium ubangela ukuba izinto ezinobungozi kumchamo zivuzele eludongeni lwesinyi, nto leyo ebangela le ntlungu.
- Isinyi Esisebenza Kakhulu okanye Ukungakwazi Ukuzibamba Komchamo: Xa i-urothelium yonakaliswe ziingxaki ezinje ngamatye ezintso, inokuthumela imiyalezo engalunganga engqondweni. Umzekelo, isinyi sinokuthumela umyalezo wokuba kufuneka sikhawuleze sichame, nangona singazalanga ngokupheleleyo.
Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zale meko?
Ukuba unengxaki nge-urothelium yakho, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:
- Igazi kumchamo (iHematochezia): OkuUngaze uyityeshele loo nto. Ukuba ubona igazi kumchamo wakho elijika libe bomvu, lipinki, okanye libe mdaka, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Utshintsho kumbala womchamo (ukuba mnyama).
- Intlungu yesisu esisezantsi.
- Ukutsha okanye intlungu xa uchama.
- Ukufuna ukuchama rhoqo.
Uvavanyo olwenziwe ngugqirha
Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukwenza uvavanyo oluthile ukuze afumane unobangela.
- Uhlalutyo lomchamo: Kuthathwa isampulu yomchamo ize ihlolwe igazi, ubomvu, iintsholongwane, okanye ezinye iingxaki.
- Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwezintso: Uvavanyo lwegazi okanye lomchamo lwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba izintso zisebenza kakuhle na.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Lunokubonelela ngolwazi malunga nosulelo okanye ezinye iingxaki emzimbeni.
- Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: I-ultrasound, i-MRI , okanye i-CT scan ingenziwa ukujonga amatye, iithumba, okanye ezinye iingxaki ngaphakathi kwamalungu omzimba ezifana nezintso kunye nesinyi.
- Ukuthatha isampuli yezicubu (iBiopsy): Ukuba kurhanelwa ukuba kukho umhlaza, ikhamera idluliselwa kwisinyi (iCystoscopy) kwaye kuthathwe iqhekeza elincinci lezicubu kwindawo ekrokrisayo lize lihlolwe.
Ingaba kuqhelekile ukuba neeseli ze-urothelial kumchamo?
Ewe, ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Iiseli zomzimba wethu ziyafa rhoqo kwaye kwakheka iiseli ezintsha. Ngoko ke kuqhelekile ukuba ezinye zeeseli ezingaphezulu zale urothelium ziphume kwaye ziphume kunye nomchamo. Nangona kunjalo, inani elikhulu lale seli linokuqokelelana kumchamo ngenxa yosulelo lomchamo, ukwenzakala okubangelwa lilitye lezintso, okanye imeko ethile yomhlaza. Ukuba oku kukhankanyiwe kwingxelo yovavanyo lomchamo wakho, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo kwaye ufumane ukuba yintoni ebangela oko.
Yintoni i-dysplasia?
Ngamanye amaxesha, i-biopsy ingaxela ukuba iiseli ze-urothelial zine -dysplasia . Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli zibonakala zingaqhelekanga xa zijongwa nge-microscope. Oku akuthethi ukuba zinomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ezi seli zingaqhelekanga ngamanye amaxesha zinomngcipheko wokuba ngumhlaza kwixesha elizayo. Ke ngoko, ukuba ugqirha ufumanisa le meko, uya kukujonga rhoqo aze akunike unyango ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Akukho namnye kuthi osebenzisa igama elithi "urothelium" kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Kodwa ngoku uyazi ukuba asinakuba sempilweni ngaphandle kwesi sithinteli sithuleyo. Ngoko ke ukuba ubona nayiphi na into engaqhelekanga kwinkqubo yakho yomchamo, ingakumbi igazi kumchamo wakho, musa ukuyityeshela kwaye ngoko nangoko qhagamshelana nogqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-urothelium yi-membrane ebaluleke kakhulu ejikeleza ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yakho yomchamo kwaye ikhusela umzimba kwiintsholongwane kunye nezinto eziyingozi.
- Le membrane ineeleya ezintathu, kwaye ileya nganye inomsebenzi othile.
- Ungaze ungayihoyi igazi elisemchameni (hematuria). Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba uyayibona.
- Ukutshaya yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umhlaza we-urothelial.
- Ukuba unentlungu, ukutsha, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ezinxulumene nenkqubo yakho yomchamo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo ngokukhululekileyo.
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