Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba amehlo akho afumana njani umbala wawo? Okanye amehlo akho agxila njani kwinto ekufutshane okanye into ekude? I-uvea yinxalenye yeliso ebandakanyekayo kuyo yonke le nto, njengonjineli omncinci ngaphakathi kweliso. Makhe sithethe ngayo ngokufutshane namhlanje.
Yintoni i-Uvea?
Ngamafutshane, i-uvea lulwaleko oluphakathi lweeleya ezintathu eziphambili ezenza iliso lethu. Igama layo livela kwigama lesiLatini elithi "idiliya." Isizathu soku kukuba, xa ujonge ngaphandle, le ndawo ifana nediliya.
Elinye igama lale nto 'yi-vascular tunic'. Lithetha 'ihempe enemithambo yegazi.' Ifumene igama layo kuba ijikeleza iliso njengehempe kwaye izaliswe yimithambo yegazi enika iliso izondlo ezifunekayo.
I-uvea ayilonxalenye inye. Yindibaniselwano yeenxalenye ezintathu eziphambili.
- Iris
- Umzimba we-ciliary
- I-Choroid
Iindawo eziphambili ze-uvea kunye nemisebenzi yazo
Ezi ndawo zintathu zeliso zenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.
| Inxalenye | Wenza ntoni? |
|---|---|
| Iris | Le yinxalenye enika amehlo akho umbala wawo. Imisela imibala efana noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umdaka, nomnyama. Ikwayindandatho yemisipha. Iya ikhula ibe nkulu ukuze ilawule ubungakanani bokukhanya okungena elisweni. Ifana ne-"aperture" ekwikhamera. |
| Umzimba we-ciliary | Oku kusemva kwe-iris. Izihlunu ezikule nxalenye zitshintsha imilo yelensi yeliso, nto leyo esinceda sigxile ngokucacileyo xa sijonga into ekufutshane nathi okanye into ekude. Ikwavelisa ulwelo olungaphakathi kweliso olubizwa ngokuba yi-"aqueous humor". Olu lwelo lulwelo olunika iliso imo yalo engqukuva. |
| I-Choroid | Le yeyona nxalenye inkulu ye-uvea. Yi-membrane encinci egcwele imithambo yegazi. Cinga ngeliso lakho njengendlu. I-choroid ifana nemibhobho yendlu. Kanye njengoko amanzi engena endlwini aze asasazwe kwiindawo ezifana nekhitshi negumbi lokuhlambela, i-choroid yindlela yegazi efikelela kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zeliso, ingakumbi i-retina. Inombala omnyama kuba ine-pigment ebizwa ngokuba yi-"melanin." Oku kunciphisa ukukhanya okungafunekiyo ngaphakathi kweliso. |
Ziziphi iimeko zonyango ezinokuchaphazela i-uvea?
Ngenxa yokuba i-uvea yingqokelela yamacandelo amathathu ahlukeneyo, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeemeko ezinokuyichaphazela. Nangona ezinye iimeko zincinci, ezinye zinokuchaphazela kakhulu umbono wakho.
Nazi ezinye zeemeko ezinokuchaphazela i-uvea:
- I-Uveitis: Le yeyona meko ixhaphakileyo neyimbi kakhulu echaphazela i-uvea. Iindawo ezithile ze-uvea ziyavuvukala.
- Umhlaza wamehlo: Ingakumbi lowo uvela ngaphakathi kweliso (intraocular melanoma).
- I-retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile: Abantu abanesifo seswekile banokuba nomonakalo kwimithambo yegazi emehlweni abo.
- Isifo samehlo: Umonakalo obangelwa kukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi eliya elisweni.
- I-Albinism: Ukungabikho kwe-pigment enika umbala ulusu namehlo.
- I-Presbyopia: Amandla eliso okugxila ayancipha njengoko iminyaka ikhula.
- I-Coloboma: Ukungabikho kwenxalenye ye-uvea ekuzalweni.
- Ukulimala Kwamehlo: Naluphi na uhlobo lwengozi lungonakalisa i-uvea.
- Ezinye izifo kunye nezinye izifo: Izifo ezichaphazela amanye amalungu omzimba, njenge-sarcoidosis, nazo zinokuchaphazela amehlo.
Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezi zifo?
Xa kukho ingxaki nge-uvea, iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni leliphi icala le-uvea elichaphazelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokubonakala.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo elula |
|---|---|
| Umbono ofipheleyo | Imeko yokungaboni izinto ngokucacileyo. |
| Intlungu yamehlo | Intlungu evela ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane namehlo. |
| Uloyiko lokukhanya (i-Photophobia) | Ubunzima bokujonga ukukhanya, uzive ngathi amehlo ajika abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
| Iliso elibomvu | Ububomvu okanye ukudumba kwenxalenye emhlophe yeliso. |
| Ukulahleka kombono | Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso okanye kancinci kancinci. |
| Utshintsho kwiliso elimnyama | Umfundi utshintsha imo ukusuka kwisangqa ukuya kwimo okanye ubungakanani obahlukileyo. |
| Amehlo anamanzi (i-Epiphora) | Iinyembezi zihlala ziphuma. |
Singayinyamekela njani i-uvea yamehlo ethu?
Amehlo ethu axabiseke kakhulu, ngoko ke kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezilula esinokuzenza ukuze sigcine lonke iliso, kuquka ne-uvea, lisempilweni.
- Hlola amehlo akho rhoqo: Kubalulekile ukuba wonke umntu, kungekuphela nje abo banxiba iiglasi, ahlole amehlo akhe ubuncinane kube kanye ngonyaka okanye emibini . Oku kunokunceda ekuchongeni iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu zivele.
- Nxiba iiglasi zokhuseleko: Ungazithintela iingozi ngokunxiba iiglasi zokhuseleko xa usika isinyithi, usebenza ngomthi, usebenza ngeekhemikhali, okanye udlala imidlalo.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya nokusebenzisa icuba: Ukutshaya kungonakalisa imithambo yegazi ebuthathaka emehlweni, nto leyo echaphazela ngqo impilo ye-uvea.
- Musa ukuyithatha lula into yokuba usulelo lwamehlo luyingozi: IlisoUkuba kukho usulelo, ububomvu, okanye intlungu ehlala iintsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa, qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha. Musa ukuyivumela isasazeke ize ibe yingxaki enkulu.
Ngawaphi amaxesha afanelekileyo okubonana nogqirha?
Ukongeza ekuhlolweni kwamehlo rhoqo, kufuneka ubone ugqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:
- Ukuba iimpawu zamehlo (iintlungu, ubomvu, ukufiphala) ziyaqhubeka kangangeentsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa .
- Ukuba ezi mpawu zikuthintela ekwenzeni imisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo .
- Ukuba ufumana naluphi na uhlobo lokulahlekelwa umbono okanye utshintsho .
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukulahlekelwa yimbono ngequbuliso, ukungaboni kakuhle ngequbuliso, okanye isikrini esimnyama phambi kwamehlo kuthathwa njengengxamiseko yezonyango. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo elikufutshane (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
I-uvea yinxalenye yeliso esingathethi kakhulu ngayo, kodwa ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo. Asiyiqondi ixabiso layo de ingasebenzi kakuhle. Kodwa xa kukho ingxaki, inokuba yinto eyoyikisayo kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho rhoqo kwaye uqaphele iimpawu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-uvea yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yeliso lakho elinika umbala, ligxile ekuboneni kwakho, kwaye linika igazi elisweni.
- Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezinje ngokuba bomvu kwamehlo, iintlungu, kunye nokungaboni kakuhle. Zisenokuba luphawu lwengxaki ye-uveitis.
- Izifo ezininzi zinokubonwa kwangethuba ngokuxilongwa kwamehlo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka.
- Ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa ngumbono wakho okanye ubona utshintsho olukhulu, yimeko engxamisekileyo leyo. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo lesibhedlele (ETU) ngoko nangoko.
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