Ngaba umntwana angagula ngumama? (Ukudluliselwa okuthe nkqo) Masifunde ngayo.

Ngaba ungumama ozayo? Okanye ngaba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho oza kuba nomntwana? Eli nqaku liza kuba libaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Ngamanye amaxesha, izifo zinokudluliselwa ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana ngaphandle kokuba wena wazi. Yiloo nto kanye esithetha ngayo namhlanje, ukudluliselwa komntwana kumama ukuya kumntwana.

Yintoni iTransmission ethe nkqo? (Yintoni iTransmission ethe nkqo?)

Ngamafutshane, 'Ukudluliselwa Okuthe Tye' kukudluliselwa kosulelo, oko kukuthi, isifo, ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana wakhe ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ngexesha lokubeleka, okanye ngexesha lokuncancisa emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Iintlobo zeentsholongwane ezinokubangela oku ziintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, kunye neeparasite. Khawuthelekelele ukuba unomkhuhlane omncinci. Isenokungabi yinto enkulu kuwe. Kodwa ukuba ukhulelwe, kwanokugula okuncinci kunokuba nempembelelo enkulu kumntwana osesibelekweni. Olu kudluliselwa kwesifo ngamanye amaxesha lunokubangela ukuphuphuma kwesisu, ukuzalwa kwabantwana abaswelekileyo, kwaye lunokuchaphazela impilo yomntwana ubomi bakhe bonke. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Isifo sidluliselwa njani ngale ndlela? (Iintlobo zoThumelo oluthe nkqo)

Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili ezinokuthi isifo sidluliselwe ngazo ukusuka kumama ukuya kusana. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.

1. Nge-placenta ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni (Esibelekweni/esiTshintshiselwano)

Okwenzekayo kule meko kukuba xa intsholongwane ingena kumama, ingena egazini likamama, idlule kwi-placenta, ize yosulele umntwana osesiswini. I-placenta lunxibelelwano phakathi kukamama nomntwana. Ukondla kukamama kudlula kuyo. Ngoko ke ezinye iintsholongwane zinokudlula ngale ndlela ziye kumntwana. Khawuthelekelele ukuba, njengezinto ezityiwayo neziselwa ngumama, iintsholongwane ezisemzimbeni kamama nazo zinokudlula kule placenta ziye kumntwana.

2. Ngexesha lokubeleka (Ngaphakathi kokubeletha)

Kwenzeka ntoni xa umntwana efika kweli hlabathi, oko kukuthi, xa efika ngomjelo wokuzala kamama, ukuba umama unentsholongwane, inokudluliselwa nakumntwana. Khawucinge ukuba kukho intsholongwane ethile kumjelo wokuzala kamama. Xa umntwana efika kuyo, ezo ntsholongwane zinokungena emzimbeni womntwana, mhlawumbi zingene emehlweni nasemlonyeni. Oku kufana nokuhamba ngendlela emxinwa uze utshaywe zizinto ezikumacala omabini.

3. Ukuncancisa emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe (Emva kokubeleka)

Indlela yesithathu kukufumana usulelo ngelixa uncancisa emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Ezinye iintsholongwane zinokudluliselwa kumntwana ngobisi lwebele. Okanye, ukuba umama unento efana neengono eziqhekekileyo, iintsholongwane zinokudluliselwa kumntwana ngegazi. Yiyo loo nto oomama abancancisayo kufuneka baqaphele ucoceko lwabo kunye nempilo yeengono zabo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kothumelo 'oluthe nkqo' noluthe nkqo'? (Uthumelo oluthe nkqo vs oluthe nkqo)

Zombini ezi ndlela zisasazeka ngayo iintsholongwane ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, kodwa kukho umahluko omncinci.

'Ukudluliselwa kwesifo ngokuthe tye' yindlela esiqhele ukuzazi ngayo. Oko kukuthi, umntu unokusuleleka sisifo komnye umntu ngezinto ezifana nokukhohlela, ukuthimla, ukulala nomntu, okanye ukuchukumisa into esetyenzisiweyo. Umzekelo, ukuba uthetha nomhlobo onesifo somkhuhlane, xa ekhohlela, iintsholongwane zinokufika kuwe zikwenze ugule. Yiyo loo nto kuthethwa 'ukudluliselwa kwesifo ngokuthe tye'.

Nangona kunjalo, 'ukudluliselwa ngokuthe nkqo' kubhekisa ekudlulisweni kwesifo, ingakumbi ukusuka kumama okhulelweyo okanye oncancisayo ukuya kumntwana wakhe ongekazalwa okanye usana olusandul' ukuzalwa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi zifo zidluliselwa 'ngokuthe nkqo' zinokudluliselwa 'ngokuthe nkqo'.

Zeziphi iimpawu ezifunyanwa ziintsana kwesi sifo sisulelayo? (Iimpawu kwiintsana)

Ukuba umama udlulisela esi sifo kumntwana, umntwana angabonisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Abanye abantwana banokuba nezi mpawu xa bezalwa. Kwabanye abantwana, ezi mpawu zingabonakala xa bekhulile kancinci, oko kukuthi, ngexesha lobuntwana. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi mpawu ziphambili:

• Ubumfama okanye ukulahleka kombono
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okanye ukuva kakuhle
• Isifo sentliziyo
• Urhawuzelelo okanye amadyungudyungu
• Ukuxhuzula, oko kukuthi, iimeko ezifana nokuxhuzula
• Ukutyheli kolusu namehlo, sikubiza ngokuba yi-jaundice.
• Ububomvu bamehlo, isifo samehlo `(Conjunctivitis)`
• Amazinyo amancinci, aqhekekileyo
• Umahluko othile ebusweni
• Ukwanda kwesibindi (i-hepatomegaly) kunye/okanye i-spleen (i-splenomegaly)
• Intloko encinci `(microcephaly)`
• Ukulibaziseka okanye utshintsho ekuphuhlisweni kwezakhono zomzimba, njengokuhamba nokusebenzisa amalungu omzimba

Khawucinge nje, ukuba usana olusandul’ ukuzalwa luhlala lutyheli, okanye lunemivumbo emincinci emzimbeni walo, kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba luboniswe kugqirha ngoko nangoko. Ukuba kukho iimpawu ezinjalo, zisenokuba ngumphumo wosulelo oluvela kumama.

Zeziphi iintsholongwane ezinokudluliselwa ukusuka kumama ukuya kusana? (Iintsholongwane ezinokusasazeka ngokuthe nkqo)

Kukho izifo ezininzi ezibangelwa yintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, kunye neentsholongwane ezinokudluliselwa ukusuka kumama ukuya kusana ngale ndlela. Oogqirha basebenzisa igama elifutshane ukukhumbula ezi, eliyi -'TOCH' .

• T - Toxoplasmosis, Treponema pallidum (ebangela isifo sentlalo isyphilis)
• O - Okunye kuthetha 'olunye' usulelo
• R - IRubella `(iRubella)`
• C - iCytomegalovirus
• Iintsholongwane zeHerpes simplex H -

Ngoku, kukho ezinye izifo ezininzi ezinokuwela kolu didi 'lwezinye'. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• Isifo seChagas
• I-Chlamydia
• I-Covid-19 `(COVID-19)`
• I-Gonorrhea
• Iintsholongwane zeHepatitis (ezichaphazela isibindi)
• I-HIV `(HIV)`
• I-Listeriosis (oku kunokudluliselwa ngokutya okuthile)
• I-Parvovirus B19
• Intsholongwane yeVaricella-zoster (yile nto ibangela i-chickenpox)
• Intsholongwane kaZika (edluliselwa ziingcongconi)

Musa ukothuka lolu luhlu. Asinguye wonke umntu oza kufumana zonke ezi zifo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba zikhona, ukuze sikwazi ukuthatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela kuzo.

Abafazi abakhulelweyo bazifumana njani ezi zifo?

Ngoku umbuzo ngulo, umama okhulelweyo okanye oncancisayo uba njani esi sifo ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakhe osuleleke? Zininzi izizathu ezibangela oku:

• Ngokwabelana ngesondo okungakhuselekanga (ngomlomo, ngomva okanye ngesini). Ezinye izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo zinokudluliselwa ngale ndlela kwaye kamva zinokudluliselwa kumntwana.
• Ingasasazeka ngamathontsi amancinci (amathontsi okuphefumla) akhutshwa xa umntu ekhohlela okanye ethimla. Umzekelo, ingasasazeka kumntu onomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane.
• Ngokuchukumisa indle yekati. Ngokukodwa, isifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-toxoplasmosis sinokudluliselwa ngale ndlela. Yiyo loo nto oomama abakhulelweyo bexelelwa ukuba bangayichukumisi ibhokisi yenkunkuma yekati yabo.
• I-parasite inokudluliselwa ngokutya ukutya okanye isiselo esingcolisiweyo. Umzekelo, izinto ezifana nemifuno, iziqhamo, kunye nenyama neentlanzi ezingaphekwanga kakuhle.
• Ukuba ulunywe sisinambuzane esibizwa ngokuba yi-kissing bug (oku akuqhelekanga kakhulu eSri Lanka).
• Ngokunikela ngegazi (utofelo-gazi). Kodwa oku ngoku kunqabile kakhulu, kuba igazi elinikelweyo liyavavanywa ukuze kubonwe iintsholongwane.

Uyabona, ukuba silumkile kancinci kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, singaziphepha ezininzi zezi zinto.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezibangelwa lolu hlobo lwesifo esosulelayo?

Ukudluliselwa kwesifo ukusuka kumama ukuya kusana, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-'vertical transmission', kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinzulu. Umzekelo:

• Umngcipheko wokuphuma kwesisu okanye ukuzalwa komntwana oswelekileyo unokwanda.
• Usana olusesibelekweni lunokuqokelelana kolwelo okanye ukudumba okukhulu (hydrops fetalis).

Kungokwemvelo ukuziva usoyika xa usiva ezi zinto. Kodwa khumbula, nangona ezi zinto zinokwenzeka, ungayinciphisa kakhulu le ngozi ngokwaziswa kwangaphambili, ukufumana uvavanyo olufunekayo, nokulandela icebiso likagqirha wakho.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le ntsholongwane? (Ukuxilongwa)

Kwasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, oogqirha benza uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga ukuba kukho usulelo olunokuchaphazela umntwana osesibelekweni. Ukuba bafumanisa ukuba umama unesulelo, oogqirha banokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe olunye uvavanyo ukuze babone ukuba umntwana naye uza kuchaphazeleka na. Ezinye zezi vavanyo ziquka:

• I-Amniocentesis: Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa inaliti encinci ukuthatha isampuli encinci yolwelo (i-amniotic fluid) olujikeleze umntwana kunye nokuhlola iiseli zakhe.
• Ukuthatha isampuli ye-Chorionic villus: Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli yethishu kwi-placenta uze uyivavanye.
• Ukuthathwa kwesampulu yegazi losana olusandul’ ukuzalwa: Kule nto, kufakwa inaliti encinci esiswini sikamama kwaye kuthathwa isampulu yegazi kumntwana osesiswini aze avavanywe.

Kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa kunye nabantwana abancinci, ezi zifo zinokufunyanwa rhoqo ngovavanyo lwegazi. Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wosulelwe yenye yezo zifo ze-TORCH (nokuba kungenxa yokuba umama unesifo okanye ngenxa yokuba umntwana uneempawu), baya kuvavanya umntwana kwangoko emva kokuzalwa. Banokuvavanya nosulelo ngovavanyo lomchamo okanye ngokuthatha isampuli yamathe ngaphakathi esidleleni somntwana.

Indlela yokunyanga ezi zifo? (Unyango)

Unyango losulelo oluvela kumama ukuya kusana luxhomekeke kuhlobo losulelo olunalo umntwana kwaye lufunyenwe nini. Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha banokunika amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, okanye amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane ngaphambi okanye emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba nangona la mayeza ngamanye amaxesha enokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zempilo, asenokungazithinteli ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye awanakukwazi ukubuyisela umva umonakalo osele wenzeke.

Abantwana abanengxaki yokuva ngenxa yezifo zokuzalwa okanye iingxaki zokukhula banokufumana uncedo kwizinto ezifana nonyango lokuthetha kunye nonyango lomsebenzi.

Yintoni endinokuyilindela ukuba umntwana wam ufumana olu hlobo lokugula?

Kwenzeka ntoni kumntwana wakho ukuba umama wakho unesifo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Umzekelo, xa umntwana efumene esi sifo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nohlobo lwesifo. Ngokubanzi, xa umntwana ekhulelwe kwangoko, umngcipheko wokuphuma kwesisu, ukuzalwa eswelekile, okanye ukuzalwa komntwana enesimo esisongela ubomi uba mkhulu. Kodwa oko akusoloko kunjalo. Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokuthintela iziphumo ezininzi ezibi.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha? (Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha)

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba ukhulelwe, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuvavanywa kwezifo ezosulelayo kwasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kwakho. Kwakhona, ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba unesifo esidluliselwa ngesondo (STI), okanye ukuba unesifo esithile ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Musa ukuyityeshela loo nto. Nokuba yinto encinci kuwe, inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kumntwana wakho.

Ngaba ukudluliselwa ngokuthe nkqo kunokuthintelwa?

Ewe! Zikho izinto esinokuzenza ukuthintela oku kakhulu. Ukuba unosulelo olunokudluliselwa kumntwana wakho ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye emva kokubeleka, lunokunyangelwa ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane, okanye amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane. Oku kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokudlulisela esi sifo kumntwana wakho. Ukongeza, nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuze uzikhusele kwiintsholongwane:

• Hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha rhoqo. Qiniseka ukuba uhlamba izandla zakho emva kokuphuma phandle, ngaphambi kokutya, nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Nxiba iiglavu xa usebenza egadini okanye ucoca indlu. Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle xa ugqibile.
• Nciphisa ukutyelela kwakho kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi kangangoko unako. Ukuba kufuneka uye, nxiba imaski. Lumka ngakumbi ngexesha lomkhuhlane naxa kukho izigulane ezininzi ze-COVID-19.
• Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nemigonyo ecetyiswayo kuwe kwaye uyifumane yonke ngexesha. Ezinye imigonyo zinokukhusela kwizifo ezinokudluliselwa ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana ngale ndlela. Umzekelo, umgonyo we-rubella.
• Ziqhelise ngesondo elikhuselekileyo. Sebenzisa iikhondom ukuba ulala nomntu ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kukwangumbono olungileyo ukuba iqabane lakho livavanyelwe izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo (ii-STI).
• Musa ukuzama ukucoca ibhokisi yenkunkuma yekati ngokwakho ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, nxiba iiglavu kwaye uhlambe izandla zakho kakuhle emva kokuba ugqibile.
• Xa ulungisa ukutya, kulungise kakuhle nangendlela efanelekileyo. Bilisa uze upheke inyama uze utye intlanzi kakuhle phambi kokuba uyitye. Hlamba iziqhamo nemifuno kakuhle, uyixobule ukuba kunokwenzeka.
• Yitya ukutya okukhuselekileyo kuphela. Musa ukusela ubisi olungagayiwanga okanye amanzi anganyangwanga. Musa ukutya iintlanzi eziluhlaza okanye ezingaphekwanga kakuhle, ezifana nee-oyster kunye nee-mussels.
• Zikhusele kwizinambuzane. Ukuze uzikhusele kwizinambuzane ezifana neengcongconi, faka izinto zokugxotha izinambuzane kwaye unxibe impahla ende.
• Ukuba uza kuhamba uhambo olude, cwangcisa kwangaphambili. Ingakumbi ukuba uza kuya kwelinye ilizwe ngelixa ukhulelwe, licebo elihle ukufuna ingcebiso "kwikliniki yamayeza okuhamba". Baza kukunika ingcebiso ethile kwilizwe oya kulo.

Kwakhona, ukuba ukhulelwe, uzama ukukhulelwa, okanye uye waya kwindawo apho isifo seChagas sixhaphake khona, cinga ngokuzivavanya esi sifo.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngoko ke ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyaqonda kakuhle into esithethe ngayo namhlanje, ebizwa ngokuba yi-'vertical transmission'. Ngamafutshane, oku kukudluliselwa kwezifo ukusuka kumama ukuya kusana ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukubeleka, okanye ukuncancisa. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu, zobomi bonke, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko ukuze uhlale ukhuselekile ngelixa ukhulelwe okanye uzama ukukhulelwa.

Ukuba ukhulelwe, ucinga ukuba usenokuba ufumene usulelo, okanye uneempawu, thetha nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Musa ukuyityeshela nantoni na ebonakala incinci.

Ukuqonda yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela. Ndiyathemba ukuba uza kuthatha la manyathelo okhuseleko kwaye ufumane amandla okuzisa umntwana ophilileyo kweli hlabathi!

Usulelo oluthe nkqo, ukukhulelwa, ukuzala, ukuncancisa, usulelo, iTOSHI, iimeko zokuzalwa, uthintelo