Iingcongconi zizinto eziqhelekileyo nezicaphukisayo kwilizwe lethu. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, besiqhelene nengcongconi eluma ulusu lwethu ize ibangele amadyungudyungu amancinci. Nangona sisoyika kakhulu i-dengue, asicingi kakhulu ngalo lonke ixesha xa ingcongconi isiluma. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba kukho ezinye iintsholongwane ezinokudluliselwa yiingcongconi, ezifana ne-dengue, ezinokuba yingozi ngakumbi? Enye yeencongconi ezinjalo yi-'West Nile virus'. Nangona igama litsha kancinci, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-West Nile Virus?
I-West Nile yintsholongwane edluliselwa ebantwini ngokulunywa ziingcongconi. Yaqala ukubonwa kummandla we-West Nile e-Uganda. Yiyo loo nto yafumana igama layo. Uninzi lwabantu abosulelwe yile ntsholongwane abanazo iimpawu . Yiyo leyo iindaba ezimnandi. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nomntu omnye kwabahlanu abosulelweyo (malunga nama-20%) banokuba neempawu zomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo wentsholongwane, njengomkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye neentlungu zomzimba. Sikwabiza oku ngokuthi "yi-West Nile fever."
Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu, ngaphantsi kwe-1% yabo bosulelekileyo (malunga nomntu omnye kwabayi-150), le ntsholongwane inokuchaphazela inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo . Kulapho imeko iba mandundu khona. Iimeko ezinzulu zokudumba ezinxulumene nobuchopho okanye umqolo, ezifana ne-encephalitis okanye i-meningitis, zinokwenzeka.
Zithini iimpawu zale ntsholongwane?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, oku kunokuvela ngamanqanaba amabini eempawu. Eyokuqala ngumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Eyesibini yimeko enzima yemithambo-luvo. Masiqonde ngokucacileyo umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini.
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo (ezincinci) (umkhuhlane weWest Nile) | Iimpawu ezinzulu (xa inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ichaphazelekile) |
|---|---|
| Ifiva | Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, enganyamezelekiyo |
| Intloko ebuhlungu | Umkhuhlane ophezulu ongaphezulu kwama-39.5 Celsius (103 Fahrenheit) |
| Intlungu yomzimba nemisipha | Ukuqina kwentamo (ukungakwazi ukuphakamisa isilevu esifubeni) |
| Ukuhlanza kunye nesicaphucaphu | Ukudideka, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo |
| Urhudo | Ubuthathaka bemisipha |
| Izilonda zesikhumba (ezihlala zisesifubeni nasemqolo) | Ukuqhaqhazela okanye ukungcangcazela kwemisipha okungalawulekiyo (ukungcangcazela) |
| Iindlala ezidumbileyo | Ukuba nesithukuthezi (ukuxhuzula) |
| Umqala obuhkungu | Ukukhubazeka komzimba |
| Intlungu emva kwamehlo | I-Coma |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nentloko ebuhlungu emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa ulunywe yingcongconi, musa ukuyityeshela njengomkhuhlane nje oqhelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza , ingakumbi ukuba uneentloko ezibuhlungu kakhulu, intamo eqinileyo, okanye ukudideka.
Isasazeka njani le ntsholongwane?
Kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda le nto. I-West Nile yintsholongwane ekwiqela elibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Arbovirus)`. Oko kukuthi, yintsholongwane edluliselwa zizinambuzane. Iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo ezifana ne-dengue, i-yellow fever, kunye ne-Zika nazo zikwiqela elibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Flavivirus).`
Inkqubo yokosuleleka yile ilandelayo:
1. Okokuqala, ingcongconi iluma intaka eyosulelwe yile ntsholongwane.
2. Emva koko intsholongwane ikhula ngaphakathi emzimbeni wengcongconi.
3. Ngoku loo ngcongconi, esulele intsholongwane, iyeza ize ilume umntu .
4. Kulapho ke intsholongwane ingena khona emzimbeni womntu.
Cinga ngayo njengonoposi. Uthatha unobumba obizwa ngokuba yintsholongwane kwintaka, uze umngcongconi akuzisele yona.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba,Esi sifo asidluliselwa ngqo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye . Oku kuthetha ukuba awunakufumana esi sifo ngokuchukumisa, ukuthetha, okanye ukusebenzisa into esetyenziswe ngumntu one-West Nile Virus.
Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu ukuba kubekho amatyala okudluliselwa ngezinye iindlela:
- Ukusuka kumama okhulelweyo ukuya kumntwana osesiswini.
- Ngobisi lwebele.
- Ukusuka ekutofelweni igazi.
- Ngokufakelwa isitho somzimba.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo?
Iingcongconi ziluma wonke umntu, kodwa abanye abantu banokuba nezifo ezinzulu xa benosulelo lwale ntsholongwane. Masibone ukuba bangoobani.
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala .
- Abantu abaye bafakelwa amalungu omzimba (ngenxa yokuncipha kwamandla omzimba).
- Izigulane ezinomhlaza.
- Abantu abanesifo seswekile.
- Abantu abanoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (iHypertension).
- Abantu abanesifo sezintso.
Ngenxa yokuba amajoni abo omzimba abuthathaka, kunokuba nzima ukuba balwe nale ntsholongwane. Yiyo loo nto umngcipheko uyanda.
Iphathwa njani?
Ngelishwa, akukho nyango luthile lokubulala intsholongwane eWest Nile. Ngoko ke, unyango lujolise ekulawuleni iimpawu.
Ngomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo
Ukuba uneempawu eziqhelekileyo ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zomzimba, ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela ukuba uphumle ekhaya, njengokunyanga umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo.
- Phumla kakuhle .
- Sela iziselo ezininzi ezifana namanzi kunye nejusi yeziqhamo .
- Ungathatha amayeza acetyiswa ngugqirha wakho, njenge-paracetamol, ukuze ulwe nomkhuhlane kunye nentlungu.
Kwiimeko ezinzima
Ukuba umntu ubonakalisa iimpawu ezinzulu ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, ngokuqinisekileyo ufanele alaliswe esibhedlele aze anyangwe . Into ayenzayo esibhedlele kukunceda umzimba ulwe nentsholongwane kwaye woyise.
- Ukuba ivakala ngathi iyagungqa, bakunika amayeza ayo.
- Ukuba kukho ubunzima bokuphefumla, ioksijini inikwa okanye iqhagamshelwe kwi-``(Ventilator)''.
- I-saline `(IV fluids)` inikwa ukuthintela umzimba ukuba ungaphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
- Amayeza anjengee-corticosteroids anokunikwa ukunciphisa ukudumba kobuchopho.
Olu nyango lwenzelwe ukukhusela ubomi besigulana kwaye lunike umzimba amandla kunye nenkxaso efunekayo ukulawula intsholongwane.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Ungazikhusela njani kwiingcongconi?
Ekubeni kungekho gonyo lokugonya oku, eyona nto ingcono esinokuyenza kukuphepha ukulunywa ziingcongconi. Oku kufana kakhulu nento esiyenzayo ukuthintela i-dengue kwilizwe lethu.
- Ziphephe izihlandlo apho iingcongconi zisebenza kakhulu: Ingakumbi ekuphumeni kwelanga nasekutshoneni kwelanga , apho iingcongconi zisebenza kakhulu. Kungcono ukunciphisa ixesha lakho ngaphandle ngala maxesha.
- Sebenzisa isixovuli sezinambuzane: Ukuba uphuma phandle, faka isixovuli sezinambuzane okanye isithambiso kwiindawo ezibonakala elukhumbeni.
- Nxiba impahla egquma ulusu: Ukunxiba impahla egquma umzimba, njengebhulukhwe ende kunye neehempe ezinemikhono emide, kunciphisa amathuba okulunywa ziingcongconi.
- Susa amanzi amileyo: Oku kufana ne-dengue. Musa ukuvumela amanzi aqokelele kwiindawo ezifana namaqokobhe ekhokhonathi, amatayara amadala, iikomityi zeyogathi, iisosi phantsi kweembiza zeentyatyambo, kunye neegutter zemvula . Ezi ziindawo apho iingcongconi zibeka amaqanda azo.
- Thintela iingcongconi ukuba zingangeni ekhayeni lakho: Faka izikrini kwiingcango nakwiifestile. Gcina iingcango zivaliwe rhoqo.
- Sebenzisa inethi yokuthintela iingcongconi: Ukusebenzisa inethi yokuthintela iingcongconi xa ulele ebusuku kukukhusela kakhulu.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nentloko ebuhlungu kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezili-14 emva kokulunywa yingcongconi, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wakho ukuze akunike icebiso. Angakuhlola aze akuthumelele uvavanyo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezinzulu ezilandelayo, ungalibazisi nomzuzu omnye . Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngokukhawuleza.
- Intloko ebuhlungu enganyamezelekiyo
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu
- Ukuqina kwentamo
- Ukudideka okanye ukulahleka kwenkumbulo
- Ubuthathaka bemisipha okanye ukungcangcazela
- Ukuba nokuxhuzula
Kwimeko enjalo, unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokusindisa ubomi kwaye lunciphise iingxaki ezihlala ixesha elide.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-West Nile Virus yintsholongwane esasazwa ziingcongconi. Nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-80% yabo basulelekileyo ababonisi zimpawu.
- Uninzi lwabantu lufumana iimpawu ezingephi, ezinje ngomkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zomzimba. Ezi ziya kuphela kwiiveki ezimbalwa.
- Kunqabile kakhulu (malunga ne-1 kwi-150), imeko enzulu echaphazela ingqondo kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo inokwenzeka.
- Ekubeni kungekho yeza lithile lokwenza oku, eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kukuzikhusela ekulunyweni ziingcongconi.
- Ukugcina igadi yakho kunye nendawo engqongileyo icocekile kunye nokususa amanzi angashukumiyo kuya kukunceda ekukhuselekeni kwi-dengue kunye nesi sifo.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, umkhuhlane ophezulu, okanye intamo eqinileyo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
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