Xa sisiva igama elithi umhlaza, sonke siyoyika kancinci, akunjalo? Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Kodwa kukho iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza, ukuba siyazi kwangaphambili size senze uvavanyo olufunekayo, amathuba okuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo aphezulu kakhulu. Namhlanje sithetha ngolunye uhlobo lomhlaza. Lo ngumhlaza owenzeka kumathumbu ethu nakwi-rectum. Ekubeni oku kukhula kancinci kwaye kungabonakalisi zimpawu ziphambili kwizigaba zokuqala, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi oku.
Yintoni umhlaza we-colorectal?
Ngamafutshane, oku kulapho iiseli ezingaphakathi kwekholoni okanye i-rectum yethu ziqala ukukhula ngokungalawulekiyo. Emva kokuba ukutya esikutyayo kungene esiswini kwaye izondlo zifunxwe emathunjini amancinci, okuseleyo kokutya kuya emathunjini amakhulu. Kulapho amanzi kunye nezondlo eziseleyo zifunxwa khona kwaye indle (isitulo) yenziwe khona. Le ndle igcinwa okwethutyana kwi-rectum ngaphambi kokuba iphume emzimbeni. Ngoko ke, ezi ndawo zimbini kulapho lo mhlaza uvela khona.
Uninzi lwexesha, le mihlaza iqala njengeethumba "ezingabonakaliyo". Oko kuthetha ukuba usenokungaziboni iimpawu de zibe nkulu. Kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba uhlolo olufanelekileyo lunokufumanisa le mihlaza okanye iimeko ezingaphambi komhlaza kwangethuba. Ukuba zifunyenwe, zinokunyangwa kwaye zinyangeke ngokupheleleyo.
Ingaba lo mhlaza uvela njani? Zithini iipolyps?
Phantse zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu ziqala njenge "polyps." Ezi ziintshulube ezincinci, ezikhula ngaphakathi eludongeni lwamathumbu amakhulu. Kodwa khumbula, ayizizo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-polyps:
- Iipolyps ezinobungozi obukhulu kunye nezokuvuvukala: Ezi aziguquki zibe ngumhlaza. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ukuba ziba nkulu, ingakumbi kwicala lasekunene lekholoni, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba zisuswe.
- Ii-Adenomas okanye ii-adenomatous polyps: Ezi zizinto ezibangela umhlaza . Ukuba azinyangwa, zinethuba elikhulu lokuba zibe ngumhlaza ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Yiyo loo nto oogqirha besenza uhlolo rhoqo ukuze bajonge iipolyps ezinje ngezi baze bazisuse ukuba zikhona.
Zeziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza?
Nangona nabani na enokuba nalo mhlaza, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancinci. Umngcipheko uyanda ngakumbi emva kweminyaka engama-45-50 ubudala. Jonga itheyibhile engezantsi ukuze ubone ukuba unayo na enye yezi zinto ziyingozi.
| Into enobungozi | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Imbali yosapho | Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho (abazali, abantakwenu, abantwana) okhe waba nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu okanye iipolyps. |
| Ukutya | Ukutya inyama ebomvu kakhulu (inyama yenkomo, inyama yehagu) kunye nenyama ecoliweyo (isoseji, ibhekoni). |
| Ezinye iimeko zonyango | Ukuba nesifo samathumbu esibangela ukudumba (IBD) esifana nesifo sikaCrohn okanye i-ulcerative colitis. |
| Umgangatho wendabuko | Iimeko zofuzo ezifana ne-FAP (Familial Adenomatous Polyposis) okanye i-HNPCC. |
| Indlela yokuphila | Ukutyeba kakhulu, ukutshaya, ukungazilolongi, ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo. |
| Ezinye izifo | Ukuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini. |
Zithini iimpawu zalo mhlaza?
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kusenokungabikho zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko umhlaza uqhubeka, olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo lusenokubonakala.
Kubalulekile: Ukuba nezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza. Zinokubangelwa nazizinye izizathu ezilula. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
| Uphawu | Intsingiselo |
|---|---|
| Utshintsho kwimikhwa yendlu yangasese | Ukuqhinwa okungapheliyo okanye urhudo. |
| Ukopha emqolo | Igazi eliphuma kunye okanye elingenayo indle xa usiya kwindlu yangasese. Indle inokuba mnyama mnyama okanye ibomvu mnyama ngombala. |
| Ukungonwabi kwesisu | Intlungu yesisu engapheliyo, ukudumba, okanye ukuziva uzele. |
| Ukuhla ukusinda | Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Ukudinwa nokudinwa | Ukuhlala uziva udiniwe kakhulu. Oku kubangelwa kukungafumani igazi. |
Ugqirha uxilonga njani esi sifo?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze akuhlole ngokwasemzimbeni. Emva koko, banokuyalela olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo.
- Uvavanyo lweSitulo: Uvavanyo lokujonga igazi elingabonakaliyo esitulweni.
- I-Colonoscopy: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalaseleyo noluchanekileyo. Ityhubhu encinci, eguquguqukayo enekhamera eqhotyoshelweyo ifakwa nge-anus ukuze kuhlolwe ikoloni yonke. Ukuba kukho ii-polyps, iqhekeza elincinci lingathathwa ngaxeshanye ukuze kwenziwe i-biopsy, kwaye ezinye ii-polyps zingasuswa ngokupheleleyo.
- I-Sigmoidoscopy: Ifana ne-colonoscopy, kodwa kuhlolwa inxalenye yokugqibela yamathumbu amakhulu kuphela.
- I-CT Scan: Olu vavanyo lunceda ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphandle kwekholoni.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke kwindawo yomhlaza, umlinganiselo osasazeke ngawo (inqanaba), kunye nempilo yesigulana iyonke. Ugqirha wakho uza kuthetha nawe ngesicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe.
Utyando
Olu lolona nyango luphambili. Inxalenye yamathumbu amakhulu apho umhlaza ukhoyo kunye nee-lymph nodes ezijikelezileyo zisuswa ngotyando. Umhlaza okwinqanaba lokuqala unokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngotyando.
Unyango ngamakhemikhali
La ngamayeza anikwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Anikwa ukunciphisa ithumba ngaphambi kotyando, okanye ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuthi zihlale emva kotyando. Akwasetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango xa umhlaza usasazekile.
Unyango lweMisebe
Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu (njengee-X-ray) ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango ludla ngokwenziwa kunye ne-chemotherapy yomhlaza we-rectal.
Unyango olujoliswe kulo kunye ne-Immunotherapy
Ezi ziindlela ezintsha zonyango ezijolise ngqo kwiiseli zomhlaza ngelixa zibangela umonakalo omncinci kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo, okanye zivuselela amasosha omzimba ethu ukuba alwe nomhlaza.
Yintoni omawuyenze ukuthintela umhlaza nasemva konyango?
Nokuba unyango lugqityiwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wakho ukuze ahlolwe rhoqo. Oku kuya kukunceda uqonde ngokukhawuleza ukuba umhlaza uphinde wavela na.
Kwakhona, kukho izinto ezininzi esinokuzenza ukuze sizikhusele kulo mhlaza:
- Ukutya okunempilo: Yitya imifuno, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno etyebileyo enefayibha eninzi. Nciphisa inyama ebomvu kunye nenyama ecutshungulweyo.
- Ukuzilolonga: Yenza umthambo obangela ukubila ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30, ubuncinane iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Ukutyeba kakhulu yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umhlaza.
- Yeka ukutshaya nokusela utywala: Zombini ziyandisa umngcipheko womhlaza.
- Fumana uhlolo xa uneminyaka eyiyo: Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokufumana uvavanyo lovavanyo, olufana ne-colonoscopy, emva kweminyaka engama-45. Ukuba unembali yosapho lwakho yokuba sengozini, kunokufuneka uqalise uhlolo kwangethuba.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu usenokungabonakalisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni, ngoko ke musa ukulinda.
- Ukuba utshintsha rhoqo kwindlela yakho yokuzilungisa, igazi liphuma esitulweni sakho, okanye ukwehla kobunzima ngendlela engachazekiyo,Bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nalo mhlaza, xelela ugqirha wakho ngawo. Usenokufuna ukuqala ukuxilongwa usemncinci.
- Emva kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala, ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunokuchonga nokususa iipolyps ezingaphambi komhlaza kunye nokufumanisa umhlaza kwasekuqaleni.
- Ungawunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza ngokuphila ubomi obusempilweni.
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