Ngaba umntwana wakho osandul’ ukuzalwa akakhange akhuphe amanzi emva kweentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu ezelwe? Okanye isisu sakhe sidumbile kwaye kunzima ukusichukumisa? Kuqhelekile ukuba umama okanye utata omtsha azive esoyika xa ebona into efana nale. Uninzi lwexesha, ezi ayizozinto zibalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, ezi mpawu zinokubangelwa yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yiHirschsprung's Disease , esithetha ngayo namhlanje. Ngoko ke, masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha ngaphandle kokoyika.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni isifo sikaHirschsprung?
Isifo sikaHirschsprung sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu, esizalwa naso apho umntwana ezalwa engenazo iiseli zemithambo-luvo kwinxalenye yokugqibela yekholoni ezinceda ekukhupheni indle.
Cinga ngamathumbu ethu njengetyhubhu. Ukutya esikutyayo kuyagaywa, kwaye inkunkuma, ebizwa ngokuba yindle, ihamba kule tyhubhu. Olu hambo luncediswa ziiseli zemithambo-luvo ezindongeni zamathumbu. Ezi seli zithumela imiqondiso kwimisipha esemathunjini, zibangele ukuba ifinyele kwaye iphumle, ityhala indle phambili.
Umntwana onesifo sikaHirschsprung akanazo ezi seli zemithambo-luvo ekupheleni kwamathumbu amakhulu. Ngoko ke, xa indle ingena, ayikwazi ukuhamba kwaye iyabhajwa. Njengeemoto ezibhajwa kwiindlela ezininzi. Oku kubangela ukuba indle iqokeleleke kwaye yenze ukuvaleka okukhulu kwamathumbu. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umntwana abe nokuqhinwa okukhulu, ukuvaleka kwamathumbu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha abe nosulelo oluyingozi .
Ngokwesiqhelo, umntwana osempilweni uqala ukuthulula isisu sakhe kwiiyure zokuqala ezingama-24-48 zokuzalwa. Eli ndle lokuqala libizwa ngokuba yi-'meconium'. Lidla ngokuba yinto emnyama, etyebileyo. Nangona kunjalo, umntwana onesifo sikaHirschsprung akanakukwazi ukuba nolu hlobo lokuthulula isisu.
Yintoni isizathu esikhethekileyo sale meko?
Oogqirha abakayazi kakuhle ukuba kutheni ezinye iintsana zisifumana esi sifo, kodwa kukholelwa ukuba sinxulumene nezakhi zofuzo .
Ngamafutshane, kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhula komntwana esibelekweni, iiseli zemithambo-luvo zikhula kuyo yonke indlela yokugaya yomntwana, ukusuka emlonyeni ukuya kwi-anus. Kodwa kumntwana onesifo sikaHirschsprung, olu kukhula kweeseli zemithambo-luvo luyema ngequbuliso ekupheleni kwamathumbu amakhulu.
Oku kusenokubangelwa lutshintsho oluthile (utshintsho) kwi-DNA yomzimba wethu, efana nencwadi yemiyalelo. Ngamanye amaxesha olu tshintsho lwemfuza lunokufunyanwa kubazali ukuya ebantwaneni. Kwakhona, abantwana abanezinye iimeko zokuzalwa, ezifana ne-Down syndrome, kunye nezifo ezithile zentliziyo, basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sisifo sikaHirschsprung.
Sizibona njani ezi mpawu?
Uninzi lwexesha, ezi mpawu zibonakala kwiiveki ezi-6 zokuqala zobomi, ingakumbi kwiiyure ezingama-48 zokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantwana, iimpawu zingathatha iminyaka eliqela ukuba zibonakale.
Ufanele uqaphele ezi mpawu zilandelayo.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ayizikhuphi indle | Enye yeempawu eziphambili zosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa kukuba alunawo umchamo wamathumbu nokuba sele luzelwe iiyure ezingama-48. Ukuba umntwana umdala kancinci, usenokuba nokuqunjelwa okungapheliyo okuhlala ixesha elide kwaye kungaphenduli kumayeza. |
| Ukudumba kwesisu | Isisu somntwana sinokubonakala sidumbile kwaye siqinile ngenxa yendle nomoya ovaleleke emathunjini. |
| Ukuhlanza | Umntwana usenokuhlanza. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kuhlanza kunokubonakala kuluhlaza okanye kumdaka. Oku kunokuthetha ukuba inyongo iyaphuma ngenxa yokuvaleka kwamathumbu. |
| Urhudo olunegazi | Olu luphawu oluyingozi kakhulu . Lubonisa uphuhliso losulelo lwamathumbu olusongela ubomi olubizwa ngokuba yi -enterocolitis . Lunokukhatshwa ngumkhuhlane, urhudo oluqatha, kunye nentlungu yesisu. |
| Ukukhula okulibazisekayo | Ukuba umntwana mdala kancinci kwaye akakafunyaniswa ukuba unesifo, ukuqhina rhoqo kunye nokutya okungekho mpilweni kunokubangela ukukhula okungalindelekanga kunye nokudinwa rhoqo. |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba umntwana wakho unezinye zezi mpawu, ingakumbi ukuba umntwana osandul’ ukuzalwa akaphumi, musa ukuzityeshela. Kubalulekile ukuba umntwana wakho umse kugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Ugqirha uluchonga njani ngokuchanekileyo olu sifo?
Xa usisa umntwana wakho kugqirha, uza kumhlola umntwana wakho, akubuze ngeempawu zakho, aze emva koko akucebise ukuba enze iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo.
- I-X-ray yesisu: Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukujonga ukuba amathumbu avaliwe okanye aqunjelwe na.
- I-Enema yokwahlulahlula: Kule nto, ulwelo olumhlophe olukhethekileyo (idayi ebizwa ngokuba yi-barium) ludluliselwa kwi-rectum yomntwana kwaye kuthathwe uthotho lwemifanekiso ye-X-ray. Olu lwelo luvumela ukuba ingaphakathi lamathumbu libonakale ngokucacileyo. Inxalenye engenazo iiseli zemithambo-luvo idla ngokubonakala incinci, ngelixa inxalenye egcwele ilindle elingaphezulu ibonakala inkulu kwaye idumbile ngakumbi. Oku kunokunika umbono olungileyo wesifo.
- I-Rectal Biopsy: Olu luvavanyo oluqinisekisa isifo nge-100%. Kule nto, ugqirha uthatha iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicubu (isampulu yezicubu) eludongeni lwangaphakathi lwe-rectum yomntwana aze alihlole phantsi kwe-microscope. Ngokujonga ukuba kukho iiseli zemithambo-luvo kuloo qhekeza lesicubu okanye akunjalo, isifo sinokuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo.
- I-Anorectal Manometry: Olu vavanyo ludla ngokwenziwa kubantwana abadala. Lubandakanya ukufaka isixhobo esincinci esifana nebhaluni kwi-rectum uze usivuthele ukuze kuhlolwe ukuba izihlunu kwi-rectum zisebenza kakuhle na.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Isifo sikaHirschsprung asiyonto inganyangeka ngamayeza. Unyango oluhlala luhleli kuphela lwaso lutyando . Musa ukukhathazeka, olu tyando ngoku lwenziwa ngempumelelo enkulu.
Ngexesha lotyando, ugqirha ususa inxalenye yekholoni engenazo iiseli zemithambo-luvo aze adibanise inxalenye ephilileyo, egcwele imithambo-luvo yekholoni ngqo kwi-rectum. Olu tyando lubizwa ngokuba yi- "pull-through procedure".
Ngamanye amaxesha, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yomntwana, utyando lwe- "ostomy" lwexeshana lunokwenziwa ngaphambi kolu tyando luphambili. Oku kuquka ukudala umngxuma (stoma) ukuze inxalenye yamathumbu aphilileyo ifike kumphezulu wesikhumba sesisu. Emva koko, ibhegi ye-ostomy incamathiselwa kulo mngxuma ukuze kuqokelelwe indle. Nje ukuba umntwana aphile kancinci kwaye elungele utyando oluphambili, lo mngxuma uyavalwa kwaye kwenziwa utyando lokutsalwa.
Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka emva kotyando?
Uninzi lwabantwana luyakwazi ukuhamba ngamathumbu ngendlela eqhelekileyo emva kotyando baze baqhubeke nokuphila ubomi obusempilweni. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantwana basenokuba neengxaki ezithile emva kotyando. Kubalulekile ukukwazi oku.
I-enterocolitis enxulumene neHirschsprung
Le yeyona ngxaki iyingozi kakhulu . Inokwenzeka ngaphambi okanye emva kotyando. Lusulelo olubi kakhulu lwamathumbu.
Ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu emva kotyando, ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukudumba kwesisu, ukuhlanza, urhudo olunzima, okanye igazi eliphuma esitulweni, yingxamiseko leyo. Yisa umntwana wakho kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba ngamathumbu
Abanye abantwana banokuba nobunzima bokulawula ukuhamba kwamathumbu emva kotyando. Oku kuthetha ukuba banokuphuma indle bengaqondanga. Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yemiphumo yotyando kwimisipha ye-rectum. Ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nokuzilolonga okuthile (unyango lomzimba lwe-pelvic), le meko inokulawulwa kakhulu.
Ukuqhinwa kunye nokuvaleka kwesisu
Abanye abantwana banokuba nokuqhinwa emva kotyando. Oku kusenokuba ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kwendawo yotyando okanye ezinye izizathu. Kwimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika unyango olufunekayo.
Nokuba le meko inyangwa ngotyando, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokujonga imeko yomntwana. Thetha nogqirha rhoqo malunga nemikhwa yomntwana wakho yokugaya ukutya kunye nokutya.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo sikaHirschsprung sisifo esingaqhelekanga sokuzalwa esibangela ukungakwazi ukukhupha indle ngenxa yokungabikho kweeseli zemithambo-luvo emathunjini.
- Iimpawu eziphambili zosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa olungenawo umchamo wokuphuma kwamathumbu kwiiyure ezingama-48, isisu esidumbileyo, kunye nokuhlanza okuluhlaza/omdaka zezi: Ukuba uzibona ezi zinto, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Esi sifo siqinisekiswa yi-biopsy.
- Unyango lutyando. Emva kotyando oluphumeleleyo, uninzi lwabantwana lunokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukudumba kwesisu, okanye urhudo olunegazi emva kotyando, kufuneka uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko, kuba oku kungaba luphawu losulelo oluyingozi olubizwa ngokuba yi-enterocolitis.
- Le yimeko efuna ukujongwa ubomi bonke. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha kwaye umntwana wakho ahlolwe rhoqo.
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