Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uqala ukurhawuzelela ngequbuliso, ulusu lwakho lujike lube bomvu luze luqhambuke? Okanye ngaba uziva unesicaphucaphu esiswini sakho uze uzive ufuna ukuhlanza? Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinto zenzeka emva kokusebenzisa ivumba elithile, okanye emva kokutya ukutya okuthile, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinokwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu konke konke. Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana isizathu soku, kwaye uneempawu ezahlukeneyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba yinto engaphezulu nje kokunganyamezelani. Namhlanje sithetha ngesinye sezi meko, iMast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS).
Yintoni iMast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS)?
Ngamafutshane, i-MCAS yimeko apho uhlobo lweseli emzimbeni wethu olubizwa ngokuba yi-'mast cells' luba lusebenza ngokungeyomfuneko kwaye lugqithise, lukhuphe inani elikhulu leekhemikhali ezinazo emzimbeni.
Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezi seli ze-mast. Cinga ngezi seli njengabalindi bokhuseleko bomzimba. Ziyinxalenye yenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukulwa nosulelo. Kodwa ii-allergies nazo zibangelwa zezi seli. Ngokwesiqhelo, xa into eyingozi kuthi, umzekelo, i-allergen ingena emzimbeni, ezi seli ze-mast ziyavuselelwa kwaye zikhuphe iikhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba 'zii-mediators'. Ezi khemikhali zezona zibangela impendulo ye-allergy emzimbeni wethu. Kumntu ophilileyo, le nkqubo kukusikhusela.
Kodwa, kumntu one-MCAS, ezi mast cells zinobuthathaka kakhulu . Ziyavuya kakhulu kwanakwinto encinci kwaye zikhuphe inani elikhulu leekhemikhali ngaxeshanye. Kufana nokuzisa umkhosi wonke ukubamba isela elincinci. Ezi khemikhali zingafunekiyo zezona zibangela iimpawu ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga nezikhathazayo esithethe ngazo ngaphambili.
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela ezi mast cells:
- Iintsholongwane
- Amanye amayeza
- Ityhefu evela kulunywa zizinambuzane
- Iziqholo
- Uxinzelelo
- Ukuzilolonga
- Ukutya okuthile
- Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kubushushu
Ngaba i-MCAS kunye ne-Mastocytosis zizinto ezahlukeneyo?
Ewe, musa ukubhidanisa ezi zinto zimbini. Nangona zombini ezi meko zibandakanya iiseli zemast, zahlukile.
| Imeko yezonyango | Kalula nje, kwenzeka ntoni? |
|---|---|
| I-Mastocytosis | Okwenzekayo koku kukuba umzimba uvelisa inani eliphezulu kakhulu leeseli zemast. Kufana nokuqesha oonogada abaninzi kakhulu. Ezi seli zigqithisileyo ziqokelelana kwizitho ezifana nolusu, isibindi, kunye namathumbu. Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. |
| I-MCAS (i-Mast Cell Activation Syndrome) | Okwenzekayo kule meko kukuba inani leeseli zemast emzimbeni liqhelekile, kodwa iiseli ezikhoyo apho ziba nomdla kakhulu. Abalindi abalapho bayavuya ngento encinci baze bakhuphe iikhemikhali. |
Zithini izizathu ze-MCAS?
I-MCAS inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili ngokusekelwe kwisizathu.
1. I-MCAS ePhambili: Oku kubangelwa yingxaki yeeseli ze-mast ngokwazo. Rhoqo, utshintsho kwi-gene ``(KIT)`` lubangela ukuba ezi seli ziziphathe ngendlela engaqhelekanga. I-Mastocytosis yeyona meko iphambili kolu hlobo.
2. I-MCAS yesibini: Oku kwenzeka xa iiseli ze-mast zivuselelwa yenye imbangela yangaphandle. Umzekelo, oku kunokubangelwa yi-allergy enzima, usulelo olungapheliyo, okanye enye imeko yezonyango.
3. I-Idiopathic MCAS: Igama elithi "Idiopathic" lithetha "akukho sizathu sifumanekayo." Uninzi lwezigulane ze-MCAS zinolu hlobo. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho sizathu sicacileyo sokuba ezi mast cells ziziphatha ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Iimpawu zinokuvela kwizinto ezintsha nangaliphi na ixesha.
Ziziphi iimpawu ezinokubakho ze-MCAS?
Enye yezona ngxaki zinkulu nge-MCAS kukuba iimpawu zahlukile kwaye zinokuchaphazela iinkqubo ezininzi zomzimba ngaxeshanye.
| Udidi lweempawu | Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo |
|---|---|
| Ulusu kunye neempawu ngokubanzi | Ukuhlanjwa ngamanzi, ukurhawuzelelwa, ukurhawuzelelwa/ukudumba, ukudumba, ukubila kakhulu, ukudinwa okungapheliyo, iintlungu zomzimba. |
| Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya | Intlungu yesisu, isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, urhudo, ukuqhina. |
| Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo (ye-Neurological) | Intloko ebuhlungu, iingxaki zenkumbulo kunye nokuqwalasela (Ubuchopho obunenkungu), isiyezi, ukuquleka, ixhala, ukudakumba, ukungalali. |
| Intliziyo kunye nenkqubo yokuphefumla | Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokungangqalanga (intliziyo ebetha ngamandla), ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuqina kwesifuba. |
Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo: I-Anaphylactic Shock
I-Anaphylaxis yeyona meko iyingozi nesongela ubomi enokwenzeka kubantu abane-MCAS. Le yimeko efuna unyango olungxamisekileyo.
Iimpawu ze-anaphylaxis:
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla, uzive ngathi umqala wakho uxinekile
- Ukudumba kwemilebe, ulwimi, okanye ubuso
- Isantya sentliziyo sikhawuleza kakhulu.
- Ukwehla ngequbuliso koxinzelelo lwegazi
- Ukudinwa kakhulu kunye nokuquleka
- Ukuhlanza kunye norhudo
- Ukubomvu ngequbuliso kunye nokurhawuzelela umzimba wonke
Ukuba ufumana enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi mpawu, musa ukulibazisa. Fowunela i-ambulensi ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
Ndingafumanisa njani ukuba ndine-MCAS?
Ukuchonga i-MCAS kunokuba nzima kancinci kuba iimpawu zahlukile. Ugqirha wakho uhlala ekhangela izinto ezintathu ngokukodwa.
1. Iimpawu: Ukubakho kweempawu eziphindaphindayo nezingapheliyo ezifana ne-allergy kwiinkqubo ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zomzimba (umz., ulusu kunye namathumbu).
2. Uvavanyo: Iisampuli zegazi okanye zomchamo ezithathwayo xa kuvela iimpawu zibonisa amanqanaba aphezulu eekhemikhali ezifana ne-"tryptase" kunye ne-"histamine", ezikhutshwa ziiseli zemast.
3. Impendulo kunyango: Iimpawu ziyancipha xa kunikwa amayeza athintela umsebenzi weseli ye-mast, njengee-antihistamines.
Ukuba zonke ezi mpawu zintathu ziyafezekiswa, ugqirha unokurhanela ukuba i-MCAS yiyo. Ngamanye amaxesha i-MCAS ihamba nemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-``(POTS)`` - Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome. Oku kwenzeka xa isantya sentliziyo sinyuka ngendlela engaqhelekanga xa umile.
Iphathwa njani?
Akukho nyango lwe-MCAS okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zinokulawulwa kakuhle kwaye ubomi obuqhelekileyo bunokufezekiswa. Unyango luneenjongo ezimbini eziphambili.
1. Ukuphepha Izinto Ezibangela Ingxaki: Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumanisa ukuba yintoni ebangela iimpawu zakho uze uziphephe.
2. Ukulawula iimpawu ngamayeza: Ugqirha uza kukunika amayeza ahlukeneyo.
- Ii-antihistamines ze-H1 kunye ne-H2: Amayeza afana ne-Cetirizine, i-Loratadine, i-Famotidine.
- IziQinisekisi zeMast Cell: Iziyobisi ezithintela ukukhululwa kweekhemikhali kwiimast cells.
- I-Leukotriene Inhibitors: Iziyobisi ezifana neMontelukast.
- Kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo: Ukuba kukho umngcipheko we-anaphylaxis, oogqirha bacebisa ukuba uhlale ugcina i-auto-injector (efana ne-EpiPen) equlethe `(epinephrine)` kufutshane.
Izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa uhlala ne-MCAS
Ukuhlala ne-MCAS kunokuba nzima, kodwa ngolawulo olufanelekileyo , ungaphila ngempumelelo nale meko.
- Ukutya: Ukutya okuthile kunokubangela i-MCAS. Lumka ngakumbi ngokutya okune-histamine eninzi (itshizi ebilisiwe, intlanzi esemathinini, iitumato, ispinatshi, itshokolethi). Kungcono ukubonana nogqirha wakho uze ubone ingcali yokutya ukuze uyile isicwangciso sokutya esifanelekileyo kuwe.
- Ukulawula uxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo luyinto ebangela i-MCAS. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ingqondo yakho ikhululekile. Izinto ezinje ngokucamngca, i-yoga, kunye nokuzibandakanya kwizinto ozithandayo zinokunceda.
- Fumana inkxaso: Thetha nosapho kunye nabahlobo ngemeko yakho. Kunganceda nokujoyina amaqela enkxaso nabantu abajongene neemeko ezifanayo.
- Ukunxibelelana rhoqo nogqirha wakho: Thetha nogqirha wakho rhoqo kwaye ulungise isicwangciso sakho sonyango njengoko kufuneka.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS) ayisiyonto ingaqhelekanga, kodwa yimeko yokwenyani enxulumene nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- Iimpawu zingahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu. Ukuba uneempawu ezahlukeneyo ongazifumaniyo unobangela wazo, bonana nogqirha.
- Ukuchonga nokuphepha izinto ezibangela iimpawu zakho yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonyango.
- I-Anaphylaxis yimeko engxamisekileyo esongela ubomi efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Lumka ngeempawu zayo.
- Ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye notshintsho lwendlela yokuphila, i-MCAS inokulawulwa kakuhle kwaye ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobusebenzayo. Sebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nogqirha wakho ukuze wenze oku.
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