Ukuba ungumama ozayo, ugqirha wakho usenokuba ukuxelele nge-'NT scan', okanye 'ukuhlolwa kwe-first-trimester'. Ukuva eli gama kunokukwenza uzive usoyika kwaye unomdla. Kodwa eneneni luvavanyo olulula kakhulu, kwaye akukho nto umele uyoyike. Kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nale NT scan.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-NT scan?
Ngamafutshane, i-NT scan siskeni esikhethekileyo se-ultrasound esenziwa kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa kwakho, phakathi kweveki ye-11 neye-14. Igama elipheleleyo lale scan yi-Nuchal Translucency scan. Ijonga ikakhulu umngcipheko wokuba umntwana wakho abe neemeko ezithile zemfuza, ezifana ne-Down syndrome.
Rhoqo, olu vavanyo lwegazi luhamba nezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi zegazi. Olu vavanyo lwegazi lujonga amanqanaba eehomoni ezithile kunye neeproteni egazini lakho. Umzekelo:
- I-beta yasimahla- I-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (b-hCG)
- Iprotheyini yeplasma enxulumene nokukhulelwa (i-PAPP-A)
- I-Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
Ezi hormones kunye neeproteni zikhona emzimbeni womfazi okhulelweyo. Kodwa ukuba umntwana unemeko efana neDown syndrome , amanqanaba akhe anokuba phantsi okanye aphezulu kunesiqhelo. Xa i-NT scan kunye nezi vavanyo zegazi zenziwa kunye, sikubiza ngokuba 'kukuhlolwa kwetrimester yokuqala edibeneyo' . Iziphumo zichaneke ngakumbi xa zenziwe kunye.
Yintoni kanye kanye le scan ijongeka ngayo?
Le yinto enomdla kakhulu. Lonke usana olukhula esibelekweni lune-membrane encinci phantsi kwesikhumba ngasemva kwentamo yalo, egcwele ulwelo oluncinci. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'nuchal fold'. Le yinto enayo yonke intsana esempilweni.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiintsana ezineemeko ezithile zemfuza, ulwelo oluninzi kunoluqhelekileyo luqokelelana kule 'nuchal fold'. Emva koko loo membrane iba nkulu kancinci. I-NT scan ilinganisa loo bukhulu.
Ngokusekelwe kobu bukhulu, kunokwenzeka ukuqikelela umngcipheko wokuba umntwana abe nesifo esithile semfuza.
| Imeko Ihlolwe | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Down syndrome (i-Down syndrome / i-Trisomy 21) | Imeko apho iiseli zethu zinekopi eyongezelelweyo yechromosome 21, okanye iikopi ezintathu, endaweni yezimbini esihlala sinazo kwiiseli zethu. Oku kunokuchaphazela uphuhliso lwengqondo nolwenyama. |
| I-Trisomy 13 kunye ne-18 | Oku kufana neDown syndrome. Apha, kukho ikopi eyongezelelweyo yechromosome 13 okanye 18. Ezi ziimeko ezibangela iziphene ezinzulu kakhulu zokuzalwa. |
| I-Turner syndrome | Imeko echaphazela kuphela abantwana abangamabhinqa abane-chromosome X. Kule meko, inxalenye okanye yonke i-chromosome X ayikho. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki zophuhliso kunye neengxaki zentliziyo. |
| Isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso | Kukho iziphene ezithile zentliziyo ezibakho xa umntwana ezalwa. Ezinye zinokuba yingozi ebomini, ngelixa ezinye zingabangela ngxaki kwaphela. |
Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula oku: I-NT scan luvavanyo lokuhlola , hayi uvavanyo lokuxilonga . Oko kuthetha ukuba ayiqinisekisi ngokupheleleyo ukuba umntwana wakho unale meko. Ibonisa kuphela ukuba umngcipheko wokufumana imeko enjalo uphezulu okanye uphantsi.
Ukongeza kule ngongoma iphambili, ugqirha uza kunikela ingqalelo kwezinye izinto ezininzi xa esenza olu vavanyo.
- Ingaba umntwana wakho ukhula kakuhle?
- Bangaphi abantwana abakwisibeleko?
- Ukuba bangamawele, ngaba babelana nge-placenta efanayo?
- Qiniseka ukuba uyazi kakuhle ukuba ukhulelwe ixesha elingakanani.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha le-NT scan?
Olu luvavanyo oluqhelekileyo njengalo naluphi na olunye uvavanyo oye walwenza ngaphambili. Akukho nto ikhethekileyo. Uza kucelwa ukuba usele iiglasi ezimbini ukuya kwezithathu zamanzi malunga neyure ngaphambi kovavanyo. Isizathu soku kukuba kulula ukubona umntwana ngokucacileyo xa isinyi sakho sigcwele. Ngoko musa ukuchama ngaphambi kovavanyo. Nangona kunokuvakala kungathandeki kancinci, kuya kunceda uvavanyo ukuba luhambe kakuhle.
Xa ungena kwigumbi lokuskena, uza kucelwa ukuba ulale ebhedini. Ingcali iza kusebenzisa ijeli encinci esiswini sakho esisezantsi ize idlulise isixhobo esincinci (intonga/iprobe) kuso ukuze uthathe imifanekiso. Uza kuziva uxinzelelo oluncinci ngeli xesha, kodwa akuyi kuba buhlungu . Nje ukuba imifanekiso efunekayo ithathiwe, ukuskena kugqityiwe. Ungaya ekhaya njengesiqhelo.
Ngaba kuyimfuneko ukwenza olu scan?
Hayi. I-NT scan ayilovavanyo olunyanzelekileyo. Ayinyanzelekanga ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba unelungelo elipheleleyo lokugqiba ukuba uya kulwenza okanye awuyilwenzi.
Abanye abazali bathanda ukwenza olu vavanyo baze bafumanise ngemingcipheko yempilo yomntwana wabo kwangethuba. Ngale ndlela, ukuba kukho umntwana oneemfuno ezikhethekileyo, banexesha lokulungiselela ngengqondo nangayiphi na indlela ukunyamekela loo mntwana.
Kwakhona, abanye abazali bavakalelwa kukuba uvavanyo olunjalo lunokubangela uxinzelelo olungeyomfuneko. Banokugqiba ekubeni bangenzi uvavanyo ukuba iziphumo azitshintshi indlela abanyamekela ngayo umntwana wabo. Zombini izigqibo zichanekile. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba wena neqabane lakho nenze isigqibo esilungele nina, kunye nogqirha wakho ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ungaziqonda njani iziphumo zeskeni?
Njengoko umntwana ekhula esibelekweni, ukugoba kwe-nuchal esithethe ngako ngaphambili nako kuya kusanda kancinci ngobuninzi. Ke ngoko, umlinganiselo ofunyenwe ngexesha lokuskena uthelekiswa nomlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wezinye iintsana ezisempilweni ezineminyaka efanayo.
| Isiphumo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Isiphumo esiphakathi (Umngcipheko ophantsi) | Kuthathwa njengesiqhelo ukuba umlinganiselo ube yi-2 millimeters (2mm) kwiiveki ezili-11 kwaye ube yi-2.8 millimeters (2.8mm) kwiiveki ezili-13 neentsuku ezi-6. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana usemngciphekweni omncinci wokuba nesifo semfuza. |
| Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga (Umngcipheko Ophezulu) | Ukuba umlinganiselo ungaphezulu komlinganiselo oqhelekileyo okhankanywe apha ngasentla, kuthathwa njengesiphumo "esinobungozi obukhulu". Oku akuthethi ukuba umntwana unesifo, kodwa kuthetha ukuba umngcipheko uphezulu kunowesiqhelo. |
Ugqirha wakho akayi kusebenzisa olu vavanyo lweskeni kuphela, kodwa uya kusebenzisa neziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lweminyaka kunye negazi ukuze enze uxilongo lokugqibela. Xa zidityanisiwe, iskeni ye-NT kunye novavanyo lwegazi zinokuqikelela umngcipheko weemeko zemfuza ngokuchanekileyo malunga ne-85% .
Nangona kunjalo, kukho ithuba le-5% lesiphumo "esingalunganga". Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana usenokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu, nokuba akukho ngxaki.
Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba iziphumo ze-NT scan aziqhelekanga?
Okokuqala, ungoyiki . Iziphumo 'ezinobungozi obukhulu' azithethi ukuba kukho ingxaki ngomntwana. Zithetha nje ukuba kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelweyo.
Ugqirha wakho uza kucebisa ezinye iimvavanyo onokuthi uzenze. Ezi vavanyo zingenza uxilongo oluchanekileyo olupheleleyo.
- I-Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Apha, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili kwi-placenta lize lihlolwe.
- I-Amniocentesis: Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci yolwelo lwe-amniotic esibelekweni uze uluvavanye.
- Uvavanyo lwe-DNA (cfDNA) olungenazo iiseli ngaphambi kokuzalwa: Olu luvavanyo lwegazi olulula oluhlalutya iziqwenga ze-DNA yomntwana wakho egazini lakho ukuze kuhlolwe iimeko zofuzo . ( Olu luvavanyo lwegazi olulula oluhlalutya iziqwenga ze-DNA yomntwana wakho egazini lakho ukuze kuhlolwe iimeko zofuzo.)
Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela izinto ezilungileyo, ezingalunganga, kunye neengozi zovavanyo ngalunye, ngokwemeko yakho. Emva koko, ungathatha isigqibo sokuba uza kulwenza okanye awuzami.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-NT scan luvavanyo lwe-ultrasound olukhuselekileyo nolungenabuhlungu olwenziwa ngexesha le-trimester yokuqala yokukhulelwa.
- Akunyanzelekanga ukuba wenze oku. Kuxhomekeke kuwe ngokupheleleyo.
- Olu vavanyo luvavanya umngcipheko weemeko zemfuza ezifana neDown syndrome, kodwa aluqinisekisi ukuba kukho isifo.
- Ukuba ufumana iziphumo 'ezinobungozi obukhulu', ungoyiki, kodwa thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo.
- Ungaze unqikaze ukuxoxa nokucacisa zonke iingxaki zakho kunye namathandabuzo akho nogqirha wakho.
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