Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva iintlungu xa uchama ? Okanye ngaba ukhe waphawula igazi elincinci kumchamo wakho? Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kancinci xa ubona into efana nale. Kodwa xa uneempawu ezifana nezi, ugqirha wakho angakucela ukuba wenze uvavanyo lomchamo. I-Urine Cytology luvavanyo olukhethekileyo olwenziwa ngamaxesha anjalo. Masibone ukuba yintoni, kutheni lwenziwa, kwaye lunokufumaneka ntoni.
Yintoni kanye kanye uvavanyo lwe-urine cytology?
Ngamafutshane, oku kuquka ukujonga iiseli kwisampulu yomchamo wakho phantsi kwe-microscope. Iiseli ezincinci zihlala ziphuma eludongeni lomchamo wethu zize ziphume kunye nomchamo. Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha oyingcali uhlola ukuba ezo seli ziqhelekileyo, ziiseli eziphilileyo, okanye ukuba kukho naziphi na izinto ezingaqhelekanga, ingakumbi iiseli zomhlaza . Olu luvavanyo lokuqala olubaluleke kakhulu lokufumanisa umhlaza womchamo.
Kutheni kufuneka wenze olu vavanyo?
Kusenokuba kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili zokuba ugqirha wakho angayalela olu vavanyo.
Eyona nto iphambili kukuqinisekisa ukuba urhanela ukuba kukho umhlaza womchamo . Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekuchongeni ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zomhlaza :
- Umhlaza wesinyi
- Umhlaza wezintso
- Umhlaza we-Ureter (umhlaza wemibhobho ethwala umchamo ukusuka kwizintso ukuya kwisinyi)
- Umhlaza womchamo
Ukongeza, ukuba uneempawu ezilandelayo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa olu vavanyo.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Igazi kumchamo | Esi sesona sizathu siphambili solu vavanyo. Kwizonyango, silubiza ngokuba yi- (Haematuria) . Ngamanye amaxesha umchamo unokuba pinki, ubomvu okanye umdaka ngombala obonakala emehlweni. Ngamanye amaxesha unokuba mncinci kangangokuba unokubonwa kuphela ngovavanyo lomchamo oluqhelekileyo. |
| Ubunzima bokuchama | Ubunzima bokuqalisa ukuchama, ukuncipha kokuhamba komchamo, kunye nokuziva ngathi kusekho okunye okufuneka ukuchame emva kokuba ugqibile. |
| Intlungu okanye ukutsha xa uchama | Ukutsha okanye iintlungu xa uchama. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-dysuria . Oku kungaba luphawu losulelo lomchamo, kodwa kunokubangelwa nazezinye iimeko. |
Uyinika njani kanye kanye isampuli yomchamo ukuze ivavanywe?
Kulungile, ngoku makhe sibone indlela yokubonelela ngokuchanekileyo ngesampulu yolu vavanyo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba ukuba isampulu ayinikwanga ngendlela engafanelekanga, inokuchaphazela ukuchaneka kwengxelo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba isampuli yokuqala yomchamo oyithathayo kusasa ayifanelekanga. Oku kungenxa yokuba iiseli ebezikwisinyi ubusuku bonke zisenokuba zonakele. Ngenxa yoko, kunzima ukufumana iziphumo ezicacileyo kuyo. Isampuli yesibini yomchamo yosuku idla ngokuba yeyona ifanelekileyo.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokufumana isampulu.
1. Indlela Yokubamba Ecocekileyo
Le yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu, yokuzenzela ngokwakho. Kubalulekile ukugcina isampuli ingenazo iintsholongwane eluswini olujikeleze i-urethra . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo enikwe yilebhu.
- Inyathelo 1: Okokuqala, hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha.
- Inyathelo lesi-2: Coca indawo ejikeleze umngxuma we-urethra kakuhle ngethawula elikhethekileyo elinikiweyo kunye nekomityi yesampuli okanye ngamanzi acocekileyo.
- Inyathelo lesi-3: Ngoku qala ngoku faka umchamo kwindlu yangasese. Emva kwemizuzwana embalwa, yeka ukuchama.
- Inyathelo lesi-4: Emva koko qala ukuchama kwakhona uze wongeze umchamo kwikomityi yomzekelo oyinikiweyo. Ikomityi mayibe malunga nesiqingatha sezali.
- Inyathelo lesi-5:Vala isiciko ngokuqinileyo, uqaphele ukuba ungachukumisi ngaphakathi kwekomityi.
- Inyathelo lesi-6: Qinisekisa ukuba indebe ibhalwe igama lakho neenkcukacha zakho ngokufanelekileyo, uze uyinike ilebhu okanye ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
2. Ukusebenzisa iCatheter
Kwezinye iimeko, ingakumbi ukuba unengxaki yokunika isampuli ngokwakho, ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi angasebenzisa ityhubhu encinci kakhulu, eguquguqukayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-catheter ukuqokelela isampuli yomchamo. Le tyhubhu ifakwa nge-urethra yakho nakwisinye sakho ukuze iqokelele isampuli. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela inomngcipheko omncinci wosulelo lomchamo, ngoko ke yenziwa kuphela kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuba ingxelo ingenile? Ngaba kufuneka iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu?
Le yinto ekufuneka uyikhumbule. Uvavanyo lwe-urine cytology lodwa alunakukwazi ukufumanisa nasiphi na isifo ngokuqinisekileyo. Lunika umbono osisiseko kuphela. Ukuba ingxelo ithi kukho "iiseli ezingaqhelekanga" okanye "iiseli ezirhanelekayo", akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza. Kuthetha nje ukuba kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela.
Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ezinye iimvavanyo ezilandelayo ngokusekelwe kwingxelo.
Izifundo zoMfanekiso
Ugqirha wakho usenokufuna ukubona imifanekiso yenkqubo yakho yomchamo. Oku kungabandakanya i-X-ray okanye i -CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan) . I-CT scan ingathatha imifanekiso ye-three-dimensional (3D) yezitho ezifana nezintso zakho kunye nesinyi. Inokukunceda ubone ukuba kukho nantoni na, efana nethumba, kwindlela yakho yomchamo.
I-Cystoscopy
Olu luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu. Ityhubhu encinci kakhulu, eguquguqukayo enekhamera (cystoscope) ifakwa nge-urethra yakho kwaye ingaphakathi lesinyi sakho liyahlolwa. Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba abone ngokuthe ngqo ukuba kukho naziphi na izinto ezingaqhelekanga, ukubomvu, okanye amaqhuqhuva amancinci ngaphakathi. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu (i-biopsy) linokuthathwa kwindawo ekrokrisayo lize lihlolwe.
Ngamanye amaxesha, uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-ureteroscopy nalo lwenziwa ngaxeshanye, olusebenzisa ityhubhu encinci ngakumbi ukuhlola iityhubhu (ii-ureters) ezithwala umchamo ukusuka kwizintso ukuya kwisinyi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Urine Cytology luvavanyo olusisiseko olubalulekileyo olusetyenziselwa ukuchonga iiseli kumchamo, ingakumbi iiseli zomhlaza.
- Igazi elisemchameni (i-hematuria) okanye olunye uhlobo lobunzima bokuchama zezona zizathu ziphambili zolu vavanyo.
- Xa unika isampuli yokuvavanya, musa ukusebenzisa umchamo wasekuseni. Kungcono unike isampuli usebenzisa indlela ethi "Clean Catch".
- Le ngxelo yovavanyo iyodwa ayinakukwazi ukufumanisa isifo ngokuqinisekileyo. Ukuba kufunyenwe iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga, kunokufuneka iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ezifana ne-CT scan okanye i-cystoscopy.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezingaqhelekanga ezinxulumene nomchamo wakho, ungoyiki okanye ucinge, kodwa bonana nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuze akunike icebiso. Leyo yindlela engcono yokuhlala usempilweni.
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