Ngaba umntwana wakho ebenomkhuhlane kunye nokukhwehlela kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa? Ngaba ukukhwehlela kuye kwanda kwaye ngoku kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla? Mhlawumbi umntwana ukhathazekile kakhulu ngumkhuhlane. Njengabazali, siyoyika kakhulu ngamaxesha anje. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu ze-pneumonia. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Oku kunokunyangeka ukuba ufumana unyango olufanelekileyo. Ngoko masiqaphele oku namhlanje.
Abantwana bayifumana njani i-pneumonia?
Ngamafutshane, i-pneumonia lusulelo lwemiphunga . Imiphunga yethu ineengxowa zomoya ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba ziingxowa zomoya. Xa kuvela i-pneumonia, ezi ngxowa zomoya zizaliswa bububovu okanye ulwelo. Oku kubangela ukuba umntwana abe nobunzima bokuphefumla nokukhohlela.
Izizathu eziphambili zolu sulelo ziintsholongwane ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya. Ngamanye amaxesha i-pneumonia inokukhula njengengxaki yomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, umkhuhlane, okanye isifo esifana ne-COVID-19. Ezi ntsholongwane zingena empumlweni nasemqaleni, zihambe ngendlela yokuphefumla, kwaye zosulele imiphunga.
I-RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) yintsholongwane enkulu ebangela i-pneumonia, ingakumbi kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
Izinto ezonyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-pneumonia
Abanye abantwana banamathuba amaninzi okufumana esi sifo.
- Umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka eli-1 ubudala usengozini enkulu yokuba ne-pneumonia ngenxa yomsi ophuma komnye umntu .
- Ukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela yomntwana ibuthathaka (umz. ngenxa ye-HIV okanye enye imeko yezonyango).
- Ukuba unezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana ne-asthma, i-cystic fibrosis, i-sickle cell anemia, okanye isifo sentliziyo.
- Ukuba unengxaki yokuzalwa kwimiphunga okanye kwindlela yakho yokuphefumla.
Zithini iimpawu ze-pneumonia? Uyibona njani?
I-pneumonia sisifo esidla ngokusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Sixhaphake kakhulu kwimozulu ebandayo, ingakumbi ekwindla nasebusika, xa abantwana behlala ngaphakathi endlwini. Kodwa khumbula, iimpahla ezinxitywa ngumntwana wakho kunye nobushushu obungaphandle azinakuthintela i-pneumonia.
Iimpawu zingahluka ukusuka komnye umntwana ukuya komnye. Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni isifo sibangelwa yibhaktiriya okanye yintsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukubona umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukubona ugqirha.
| Iimpawu ze-bacterial pneumonia | Iimpawu ze-viral pneumonia |
|---|---|
| Ukuba nomkhuhlane ophezulu | Ubunzima bokuphefumla buyanda kancinci kancinci |
| Ukukhwehlela okune-mucus | Ukuphefumla |
| Intlungu yesifuba xa ukhohlela | Ukukhwehlela okuya kusiba mandundu kancinci kancinci |
| Ukuhlanza | Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokurhabaxa |
| Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu (urhudo) | Intloko ebuhlungu |
| Umnqweno wokutya | Ukugodola |
| Ukudinwa okungaqhelekanga kunye nokozela | Ukukhala okanye ukungazinzi komntwana rhoqo |
Abazali abaninzi ekuqaleni bacinga ukuba ngumkhuhlane nje oqhelekileyo, kodwa ukuba iimpawu zomntwana wakho ziya zisiba mandundu, ingakumbi ukuba uphefumla nzima, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.
Inyangwa njani i-pneumonia?
Unyango luxhomekeke ekubeni unobangela wesifo yintsholongwane okanye yibhaktheriya na. Ugqirha uza kuqala ahlole umntwana wakho aze akubuze ngeempawu zakho. Emva koko, ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, banokwenza i-X-ray yesifuba, uvavanyo lwegazi, njl. Banokuncamathisela isixhobo esincinci esifana ne-clip (i-pulse oximeter) emnweni womntwana wakho ukulinganisa inqanaba le-oksijini emzimbeni wakhe.
Unyango lwe-pneumonia yentsholongwane
Ukuba unobangela wesifo yintsholongwane, iindlela zonyango zinqongophele kuba amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane awasebenzi kwiintsholongwane. Kwimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha unokucebisa:
- Ndifuna uphumle kakuhle .
- Ukuba kukho umkhuhlane, baza kukuxelela ukuba unike idosi emiselweyo yeyeza elifana neparacetamol ukunciphisa umkhuhlane.
- Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Musa ukunika abantwana abane-pneumonia amayeza okunciphisa ukukhwehlela, anjenge-codeine okanye i-dextromethorphan. Ukukhwehlela yindlela yendalo yokususa i-mucus engafunekiyo emaphaphu. Ukuyiyeka kunokwenza isifo sibe sibi ngakumbi.
Unyango lwe-pneumonia yebhaktiriya
Ukuba unobangela wesifo uqinisekisiwe ukuba yintsholongwane, ugqirha uya kukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane . Nazi izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzikhumbule :
- Nika idosi echanekileyo echazwe ngugqirha, ngexesha elichanekileyo, ngenani elichanekileyo leentsuku.
- Nokuba umntwana uzive engcono emva kweentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu, qhubeka nokumnika iyeza kangangeentsuku ezimiselweyo .
- Ukuba uyeka ukuthatha iyeza phakathi, iintsholongwane ezisele emaphaphu zinokuba namandla kwakhona, kwaye i-pneumonia ingaphinda ivele. Oku kunokuba yingozi kakhulu.
Singabakhusela njani abantwana bethu kwesi sifo siyingozi?
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo nesebenzayo yokukhusela abantwana kwi-pneumonia kukugonywa .
Imibutho yezempilo yehlabathi, efana ne-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), icebisa amayeza okugonya ukuthintela i-pneumonia.
- I-PCV13 okanye i-PCV15: Ezi zitofu zicetyiswa kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala kunye nabantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-18 ubudala abasengozini enkulu yokuba ne-pneumonia ngenxa yezinye iimeko zonyango.
- I-PPV23: Olu gonyo lukwacetyiswa kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kweli-18 abaneengxaki ezithile zempilo.
Kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nezi ndlela zokugonya uze ugqibe ukuba zeziphi ezilungele umntwana wakho. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba zonke ezinye izitofu ezifanelekileyo kubudala bomntwana wakho (umz. imasisi, umkhuhlane) zihlaziyiwe.
Ukwengeza,
- Fundisa umntwana wakho imikhwa emihle yococeko, njengokuhlamba izandla ngesepha rhoqo .
- Gcina iindawo zokudlala zomntwana kunye nezinto zokudlala zicocekile.
- Kuphephe ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya kwiindawo apho kukho abantwana.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Nangona i-pneumonia iyinto eyoyikekayo echaphazela imiphunga, inokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngonyango olufanelekileyo.
- Nokuba ekuqaleni kubonakala ngathi ngumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, xhalaba xa kuvela iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ophezulu, ukukhwehlela okuqatha, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.
- Ukuba unesikrokro sokuba une-pneumonia, ungaze uhlale ekhaya. Ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha .
- Ukuba ugqirha unika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, wasele yonke imihla emiselweyo ngaphandle kokuma nangasiphi na isizathu .
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-pneumonia kukugonywa. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
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