Ngamanye amaxesha usenokuba uqaphele ukuba abanye abantwana abancinci banengxaki yokuthetha xa beqala ukuthetha, kwaye amazwi abo ayabhideka. Kwakhona, abanye abantu abadala, emva kokugula, ingakumbi istroke , abakwazi ukuthetha ngokucacileyo nangokuhambelanayo. Oku kunokuba ngamava abuhlungu kakhulu nabangela intlungu kumntu nakwabo babakhathalelayo. Ngoko ke namhlanje sithetha ngezi ngxaki zokuthetha, okanye njengoko zibizwa ngonyango , Ukuphazamiseka Kwentetho .
Yintoni Ukuphazamiseka Kwentetho?
Ngamafutshane, ingxaki yokuthetha yimeko apho umntu enengxaki yokuthetha ngendlela eqhelekileyo, ngethoni eqhelekileyo, okanye ngesantya esiqhelekileyo. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuba banxibelelane kakuhle nabanye. Aba bantu basenokungazibizi kakuhle ezinye izandi ngamagama, okanye basenokungazigqibi kwaphela ezinye izandi.
Kukho into ebalulekileyo esingafanele siyibhidanise apha. Oko kukuthi, 'Intetho' kunye 'noLwimi' zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.
- Intetho ibhekisa kwinkqubo yomzimba esiyisebenzisayo xa sithetha. Oko kukuthi, ukuvelisa izandi sisebenzisa imihlathi yethu, ulwimi, imilebe, kunye neengoma .
- Ulwimi luyinkqubo yamagama, iimpawu, kunye nemithetho esiyisebenzisayo ukuveza izimvo.
Cinga ngentetho njengenjini, amatayara, kunye nesiteringi semoto. Ulwimi lufana nemithetho yendlela kunye neempawu ekufuneka siyazi ukuze siqhube imoto. Nokuba imoto ikwimeko entle, ukuba asiyazi imithetho yendlela, asinakuqhuba kakuhle. Nokuba siyazi kakuhle imithetho, ukuba kukho ingxaki emotweni, asinakuqhuba. Ngamanye amaxesha zombini ezi ngxaki zinokwenzeka kunye. Ukuphazamiseka kokuthetha kufana nokuphazamiseka koomatshini kuloo moto.
Ukuba nengxaki yokuthetha akuchaphazeli ingqondo okanye ulwazi lomntu. Yingxaki nje kwinkqubo yokuvelisa izandi.
Ngokubanzi, iingxaki zokuthetha zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili.
| Uhlobo lwesifo | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ingxaki yokutyibilika | Iingxaki ngesantya, ukutyibilika, kunye nokuqhubeka kwentetho. Ukuthintitha, esikwaziyo sonke, ngumzekelo omhle woku. |
| Ingxaki yelizwi | Ukungaqhelekanga kwithoni, isandi, umgangatho, okanye ivolumu yelizwi. |
| Ingxaki yokuthetha | Ukungakwazi ukubiza izandi ezithile ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuphambuka okanye ukushiywa ngokupheleleyo kwezandi kwenzeka. |
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeengxaki zokuthetha?
Ukuphazamiseka kwentetho kunokuqala ebuntwaneni kuze kuqhubeke de kube ngumntu omdala. Okanye kunokuvela emva kwengozi okanye ukugula (umz. isifo sohlangothi). Makhe sijonge iintlobo eziphambili zezi.
| Igama lesifo | Kwenzeka ntoni ngale nto? |
|---|---|
| Ubunzima bokuthetha ebuntwaneni | Oku kunokuchaphazela umntwana kwangoko nje akuqala ukuthetha. Oku kwenzeka xa kukho ingxaki ngemiqondiso evela engqondweni eya emlonyeni, elulwimini, nasemilebeni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umntwana angakwazi ukuyishukumisa kakuhle ukuze avelise izandi. |
| I-Dysarthria | Njengoko izihlunu ezisetyenziselwa ukuthetha zibuthathaka, azikwazi ukwakha amagama ngokufanelekileyo. Intetho ayicaci kwaye ayicaci. |
| Iingxaki zeMyofunctional ze-Orofacial (OMD) | Izihlunu zobuso nolwimi zisebenza ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Aba bantu banokuba nobunzima bokuphefumla ngeempumlo zabo. |
| Ukuphazamiseka Kwesandi Sentetho | Kuqhelekile ukuba abantwana abancinci babize oonobumba ngendlela engafanelekanga xa befunda ukuthetha. Kodwa ukuba baqhubeka bebiza oonobumba ngendlela engafanelekanga nasemva kweminyaka emi-4-5, oko kungaba yingxaki. |
| Ukuthintitha | Ukuphindaphinda amagama okanye izandi (umz., "A... A... Mama") ngaphandle kokulawula. Le meko inokwenziwa mandundu ziimvakalelo zoxinzelelo kunye noloyiko. |
| Iingxaki zelizwi | Ilizwi "liyalahleka" okanye litsho ngelizwi eliphantsi ngenxa yokusebenza kakhulu. Oku kuquka nezinto ezifana nokukhohlela okungapheliyo kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwelizwi. |
Ezinye iingxaki zempilo ezichaphazela iingxaki zokuthetha
Ukongeza kwiingxaki ezenzeka ebuntwaneni, iingxaki zokuthetha zinokubakho nakubantu abadala ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zixhaphake kakhulu emva kokugula, ingozi, okanye utyando. Phakathi kwezi, ezixhaphakileyo ziimeko ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'Dysarthria' kunye ne-'Aphasia'.
| Imeko | Inkcazo kunye nezizathu |
|---|---|
| I-Aphasia | Le yingxaki yolwimi. Kukulahlekelwa yingqiqo yokusebenzisa amagama athethwayo okanye abhaliweyo. Kwenzeka xa kwenzeka umonakalo kwinxalenye yengqondo elawula ulwimi. Izizathu:
|
| I-Dysarthria | Oku kukuphazamiseka kokuthetha. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngenxa yengxaki kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo, izihlunu ezifunekayo ukuze umntu athethe azisalawuleki. Intetho iba buthathaka. Izizathu:
|
Ukongeza, utshintsho lwelizwi lunokwenzeka ngenxa yamaqhuqhuva anomhlaza okanye angengomhlaza kwiintambo zelizwi.
Singamnceda njani umntu onje?
Ukuphila nomntu ongakwaziyo ukuthetha kunokuba yinto ecaphukisayo nebangela iintloni kumntu onjalo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba nomonde nokuqonda xa uthetha nomntu onjalo.
Ungalandela le miyalelo:
- Thetha kancinci nangokucacileyo xa uthetha. Sebenzisa izimbo zomzimba ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- Gcina imeko-bume izolile . Yehlisa isandi sethelevishini okanye irediyo.
- Sebenzisa izivakalisi ezilula xa uthetha.
- Banike ixesha elaneleyo lokuthetha. Musa ukuzama ukugqiba izivakalisi zabo okanye ukuthetha nabo. Mamela ngomonde.
- Thetha ngelizwi lakho eliqhelekileyo . Akukho mfuneko yokukhwaza.
- Ukuba unengxaki yokuthetha nokuqonda, gcina ipeni nephepha kufutshane ukuze ubhale phantsi iingcinga zakho.
Kubalulekile nokuba uqaphele uxinzelelo, umsindo, kunye nokukhungatheka okuhambisana nokuphila nale meko. Ungathetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto kwaye ucele uncedo kumcebisi wezempilo yengqondo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukungakwazi ukuthetha yimeko enokuchaphazela nabani na wanoma yimuphi ubudala, umntwana okanye umntu omdala. Asikuko ukuba banetyala okanye ukuswela ingqondo.
- Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeengxaki zokuthetha, ukusuka ekungathintitheni ukuya ekulahlekelweni lilizwi. Zininzi izizathu ezahlukeneyo ezibangela oku.
- Ukuba ubona naziphi na iingxaki okanye ubunzima ekuthetheni komntwana wakho okanye ilungu losapho, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha. Baza kusebenza ukuze bafumane unobangela, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, bakuthumele kwiNgcali yeNtetho noLwimi.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nomonde, ukuqonda, nobubele xa unxibelelana nomntu onolu hlobo lokukhubazeka.
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