Xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelela ukuba uneSifo sezintso esingapheliyo seSigaba sesi-4, umele ukuba waziva uloyiko olukhulu kunye nokothuka. Usenokuba wacinga, 'Ubomi bam buphelile ngoku.' Kodwa akukho sizathu sokudimazeka kangaka. Le yimeko enzima, kodwa ngonyango olufanelekileyo, ukutya, kunye nendlela yokuphila, ungaphila ubomi obude nobonwabisayo. Ngoko ke, masithethe ngayo yonke into ngokucacileyo nangokulula namhlanje.
Okokuqala, makhe sijonge amanqanaba esifo sezintso.
Kukho amanqanaba amahlanu aphambili eSifo sezintso esingapheliyo (CKD). Cinga ngaso njengezinyuko.
- Amanqanaba okuqala (1 kunye no-2): Ngeli nqanaba, izintso zisenokuba zonakele, kodwa zisasebenza kakuhle. Amaxesha amaninzi, akukho zimpawu zibalulekileyo ngeli nqanaba.
- Inqanaba lesi-3: Okwangoku, malunga nesiqingatha sezintso azisenamsebenzi. Kulapho ke ezinye iingxaki zempilo ezinxulumene nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso (umz., uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-anemia) ziqala ukuvela.
- Inqanaba lesi-4: Kulapho umonakalo kwizintso uba mkhulu khona . Kweli nqanaba, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika isicwangciso sonyango esinzulu ukuze alondoloze nawuphi na umsebenzi omncinci oshiyekileyo kwizintso zakho.
- Inqanaba lesi-5: Eli linqanaba lokugqibela. Apha izintso ziphantse zangasebenzi ngokupheleleyo. I-Dialysis okanye ukufakelwa kwezintso kuyimfuneko ngokwenene ukuze kuphile.
Masiqonde kakuhle ukuba yintoni kanye kanye le nqanaba lesine (iSigaba sesi-4).
Isifo sezintso esingapheliyo (CKD) senzeka xa izintso zonakaliswe kukwenzakala emzimbeni okanye, ngokuqhelekileyo, ezinye izifo ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Izintso ezonakeleyo azikwazi ukucoca igazi ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngamafutshane, izintso zifana nomzi-mveliso emzimbeni wethu. Nazi ezinye zezona zinto ziphambili ezenziwayo:
- Ukugcina ibhalansi yolwelo lomzimba
- Ukulawula iihomoni zethu
- Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi
- Ukugcina amathambo esempilweni
- Ukuvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezifunekayo emzimbeni
Kwinqanaba lesine, izintso azisenakukwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi ngokufanelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, umngcipheko weengxaki ezilandelayo uyanda. Ukuze uziphephe ezi, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ngendlela otya ngayo nendlela ophila ngayo.
- Iingxaki zentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi
- I-anemia, oko kuthetha ukwehla komthamo wegazi emzimbeni
- Iingxaki zamathambo
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulekiyo
- Ukudinwa kakhulu kunye nokungabikho kwamandla ngenxa yokungondleki kakuhle
Ukusilela Kwezintso Nonyango
Kwinqanaba lesine, izintso zisebenza kancinci kakhulu. Kukho indlela yokulinganisa amandla ezintso okusebenza ngayo, esiyibiza ngokuba yiGlomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) . Ukuba eli xabiso leGFR lehla ngaphantsi kwe-15%, sibiza loo meko ngokuthi 'Ukusilela Kwezintso'.
Nangona isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo singenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu olunokusindisa ubomi bakho kwaye lukugcine usempilweni. Ungakhathazeki, ugqirha wakho uya kukhetha unyango olukufaneleyo.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zonyango. Makhe sizijonge.
| Indlela yonyango | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukufakelwa Kwezintso | Inkqubo yotyando lokufakelwa izintso eziphilileyo (ezivela kumntu ophilayo okanye oswelekileyo) emzimbeni. Ngokwesiqhelo, izintso ezintsha ziqala ukusebenza emva kotyando. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza ubomi bakho bonke. |
| I-Hemodialysis (HD) | Igazi lakho lithunyelwa kumatshini osebenza njengesintso sokwenziwa, lisuse inkunkuma kunye nolwelo olongezelelweyo kuyo, emva koko igazi elicociweyo libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho. Oku kungenziwa esibhedlele okanye ekhaya. |
| I-Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) | Oku kwenziwa ekhaya. Ulwelo olukhethekileyo luthunyelwa esiswini ngetyhubhu efakwe ngotyando (i-catheter). Emva kweeyure ezimbalwa, ulwelo luyasuswa kunye nenkunkuma, kuze kufakwe ulwelo olutsha. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe yonke imihla. |
Indlela yokwenza i-hemodialysis
Ukuze senze i-hemodialysis, kufuneka siphuhlise inkqubo enokususa igazi emzimbeni ngokulula ize ilibuyisele emzimbeni. Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokwenza oku.
- I-Fistula:Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo nesetyenziswa kakhulu. Ugqirha wenza utyando oluncinci aze adibanise umthambo kunye nomthambo ongalweni yakho. Oku kwenza umthambo ube namandla kwaye kube lula ukufaka inaliti nokutsala igazi.
- Ukufakelwa: Ukuba imithambo yegazi yakho ibuthathaka kwaye i-fistula ayinakwenzeka, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci yokwenziwa phakathi komthambo kunye nomthambo ukuze idityaniswe.
- I-Catheter: Ukuba i-dialysis ifuneka ngokukhawuleza okanye ixesha elifutshane, ityhubhu enkulu ifakwa kumthambo omkhulu entanyeni okanye esifubeni. Elinye icala lale tyhubhu lingaphandle komzimba.
Ungayigcina njani imisebenzi eseleyo yezintso?
Ukuze uthintele ukonakala ngakumbi kwezintso zakho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo ezinye izifo ezizibangelayo.
Igazi elonyukayo
Xa uxinzelelo lwegazi lusanda, imithambo yegazi iyaqina ize inciphe. Emva koko intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi. Ukuba oku akulawulwa, isifo sohlangothi okanye ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunokwenzeka. Kungoko ke, kubalulekile ukuthatha amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi anikwe ngugqirha ngexesha.
Isifo Seswekile kunye neCholesterol Ephezulu
Xa iswekile kunye ne-cholesterol zingalawuleki, amafutha anokuqokelelana kwimithambo yegazi, abangele ukuqhekeka kwegazi, kwaye andise umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nesicwangciso sokutya esifanelekileyo kuwe. Kusenokufuneka unciphise ukutya okuneswekile eninzi kunye namafutha. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, cela isalathiso sokubona ingcali yokutya.
I-anemia
Xa umzimba uneeseli ezibomvu ezimbalwa zegazi, akukho ziseli zaneleyo zokuthwala ioksijini. Emva koko intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima. Oku kunokubangela ukuba intliziyo ingasebenzi kakuhle. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ugqirha uza kukunika izinto ezifana neepilisi zesinyithi.
Izifo ezinxulumene namathambo kunye neeminerali
Xa izintso zingaphumeleli, i-calcium iyakhutshwa emathanjeni ize ingene egazini. Xa i-calcium egazini isanda, imithambo yegazi inokuba lukhuni kwaye ibe mxinwa. Ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kuthathwe izongezo ezifana ne-vitamin D ukuze oku kwenzeke.
Ukuba ulawula konke oku ngokufanelekileyo, unganciphisa uxinzelelo kwizintso zakho kwaye ugcine umsebenzi wazo oseleyo ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Nangona isifo sezintso sesigaba sesi-4 sisifo esibi kakhulu, ungaphila kakuhle ngonyango olufanelekileyo nendlela yokuphila. Hlala uqinile.
- Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo, ingakumbi malunga namayeza kunye nokutya. Musa ukulibazisa naluphi na unyango okanye ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa umthamo.
- Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zonyango lwakho (i-hemodialysis, ukufakelwa kwezintso) uze ukhethe okona kukulungeleyo.
- Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, isifo seswekile, kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol yeyona nto ingcono onokuyenza ukukhusela izintso zakho.
- Ukuba iimpawu ezinje ngokudinwa kakhulu, ukuphefumla kancinci, kunye nokudumba kwemilenze ziyanda, musa ukuzityeshela kwaye bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
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