Elinye lamaphupha amakhulu namnandi umama okanye utata anawo ngomntwana wakhe kukubona iinyawo zabo ezincinci zithatha amanyathelo azo okuqala. Lixesha elikhethekileyo nelingalibalekiyo ngokwenene. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, umntwana wakho uyaqengqeleka, ahlale, akhase, abambe izinto, ame, aze aqinise izihlunu zakhe kancinci kancinci. Konke oku kwenziwa njengokulungiselela loo mini inkulu, umhla athabatha inyathelo elinye okanye amabini eyedwa aze aqale ukuhlola ihlabathi.
Umntwana ufunda njani ukuhamba?
Usana aluqali ukuhamba ngaxeshanye. Kwenzeka ngamanqanaba. Lufunda izinto ezininzi, ezinje ngokulinganisela, ukulungelelanisa iingalo nemilenze yalo, ukuma, nokubeka ubunzima emlenzeni omnye nokubeka omnye ngaphambili. Emva kokuba lukwazi isakhono esinye kuphela apho ludlulela kolandelayo. Le yindlela olulungiselela ngayo ukuhamba.
Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka umntwana aqale ukuzihamba. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezo zinto.
| Ubudala (ngesiqhelo) | Oko umntwana akwenzayo |
|---|---|
| Iinyanga ezi-6 | Baqala ukuhlala bodwa ngaphandle koncedo. |
| Iinyanga ezi-6-9 | Ukuqala ukukhasa. |
| Iinyanga ezi-9 | Ukuzama ukuvuka ngokubamba into efana nesofa, isitulo, okanye itafile yekofu. |
| Iinyanga ezi-9-12 | Ngoku, bayaphakama, bathabathe loo nto, baze baqalise ukuhambahamba egumbini (behamba ngefenitshala). |
| Iinyanga ezili-10-18 | Eli lixesha elihle kakhulu. Nanini na ngeli xesha, sthandwaBangaqala ukuhamba bodwa. Abanye abantwana bahamba beneminyaka eli-9 ubudala. |
Kodwa khumbula oku: Azifani zonke iintsana. Ezinye zihamba ngokukhawuleza, ezinye zithatha ixesha elide. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki ukuba umntwana wakho akenzi kakuhle kule minyaka.
Ukuba uziva ngathi uphuze kakhulu ukuhamba, ngaba kufuneka uye kugqirha?
Ukuba umntwana wakho uneenyanga ezili-18 ubudala kwaye akakaqali ukuhamba yedwa, kodwa sele egqibile ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ngaphambi koko (umzekelo, ukuqengqeleka, ukuhlala, nokuma), usenokufuna ixesha elingakumbi.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye iinkxalabo, ingakumbi ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba umntwana wakho akafikeleli kwezinye iinqanaba zophuhliso ezifanelekileyo kubudala bakhe, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wosapho lwakho okanye ugqirha wezingane.
Zithini izizathu zokuba ufike emva kwexesha ekuhambeni?
Amaxesha amaninzi, ukulibaziseka okuncinci akuyonto inzima, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ngezizathu ezithile, ukuhamba kunokulibaziseka.
- Ukukhula kwemisipha okulibazisekileyo: Ngamafutshane, abanye abantwana bathatha ixesha elide ukuphuhlisa izihlunu zabo kunye nezakhono zabo zokunyakaza kunabanye. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ukuba omnye okanye bobabini abazali babehamba kade besebancinci, nto leyo enokwenzeka kakhulu kumntwana wakho.
- Ukukhubazeka kokufunda: Ukuba umntwana unengxaki yokufunda, unokufumana ukulibaziseka kuzo zonke iinkalo zophuhliso, kuquka ukuhamba, ukuthetha, kunye nokusebenzisana nabanye.
- Ezinye iimeko zempilo: Ezinye iimeko zempilo ezichaphazela amandla emisipha kunye nophuhliso zinokubangela ukulibaziseka ekuhambeni.
| Imeko yezonyango | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Umvakalelo yokitazo | Imeko echaphazela intshukumo, ukulinganisela, kunye nendlela yokuma. |
| Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemisipha | Izihlunu ziyabuthathaka kwaye ziyaphela ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yemeko yemfuza. |
| I-Down Syndrome | I-chromosome eyongezelelweyo ichaphazela uphuhliso lomzimba nengqondo. |
| Ezinye iimeko zemfuza | Izimo ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nePrader-Willi syndrome, isifo sikaTay-Sachs, kunye neWilliams syndrome. |
- Izinto ezisingqongileyo: Izinto zangaphandle ezichaphazela ukukhula okanye uphuhliso lwengqondo yomntwana. Umzekelo:
- Iimeko ezinje ngezifo okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu umama awayenalo ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha.
- Izifo ezifana ne -meningitis ezenzeka kumntwana emva kokuzalwa.
- Ukulimala entloko.
- Ukungondleki kakuhle, ingakumbi iimeko ezifana nee-rickets.
- Amanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu e-bilirubin ekuzalweni anokubangela umonakalo engqondweni ( kernicterus ).
Iimpawu zokuba umntwana wakho sele eza kuhamba
Kukho iimpawu ezininzi ezibonisa ukuba umntwana wakho useza kuhamba.
- Ukuma ngeenyawo: Olu lolona phawu lukhulu nolubalulekileyo. Ukuma ngeenyawo ubambe izinto kuthetha ukuba imilenze ngoku inamandla.
- Ukuma ngaphandle koncedo: Nangona ekuqaleni bebambe, emva kwexesha elithile baya kuzama ukuma imizuzwana embalwa bengabambi nto.
- Ukuhambahamba ngenqanawa kwifenitshala: Uhambahamba ebambelele kusofa. Uhamba ukusuka kwisitulo ukuya kwesinye.
- Ukukhasa: Ezinye iintsana ziqala ukuhamba ngaphandle kokukhasa, kodwa ukukhasa nako luphawu oluhle.
Singenza ntoni ukunceda umntwana ahambe?
Akulunganga ukunyanzela umntwana, kodwa singamenza abe nomdla.
1. Masidlale kunye kwaye sonwabe.
Xa ukufutshane nomntwana wakho, uziva ekhuselekile kakhulu. Emva koko ukhuthazeka ukuba enze izinto ezintsha ngaphandle koloyiko. Uguqa phambi komntwana, wolule izandla zakho, uze umkhuthaze ukuba eze. Nokuba angawa, akayi koyika kuba ukufutshane nawe.
2. Ukukhusela abantwana emakhayeni abo
Kuqhelekile ukuba iintsana ziwe xa zifunda ukuhamba. Yinxalenye yokufunda. Nangona singenakukuthintela ukuwa ngakunye, singanciphisa amathuba okuba kwenzeke iingozi.
- Faka izitshixo kwiingcango nakwiikhabhathi, ingakumbi apho kugcinwa khona izinto ezifana namayeza kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane.
- Faka iikona ezibukhali zezinto ezifana neetafile nezitulo.
- Ukuba kukho izinyuko, faka iigeyithi ezingangeni bantwana phezulu nasezantsi.
- Xa upheka , gcina izinto ezifana neziqholo namanzi ashushu ngasemva kwesitovu.
Iimveliso ezinceda iintsana ukuba zihambe - yintoni elungileyo nembi?
Abahambi Beentsana
Oogqirha abacebisi kwaphela ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuhamba nabantwana.
Isizathu kukuba, nangona isixhobo sokuhamba sisenza kube lula kumntwana ukuhambahamba, izihlunu ezisemilenzeni yakhe azinamandla ngokwaneleyo okuhamba. Kwakhona, ngelixa ekwisixhobo sokuhamba, umntwana unokuchukumisa izinto eziphakame ngendlela angenakukwazi ukuzifikelela (iiketile zamanzi ashushu, iityhefu). Oku kwandisa umngcipheko weengozi ezinkulu . Ukuba ityhefu ityiwe ngengozi, kufuneka uqhagamshelane neZiko loLwazi lweTyhefu leSizwe kwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke saseColombo ngoko nangoko. Ke ngoko, izixhobo zokuhamba ziyingozi kakhulu.
Izihlangu zosana
Iintsana akufuneki zinxibe izihlangu ngaphakathi endlwini, ngaphandle kwaxa ziphuma. Izihlunu ezinyaweni nasezinzwaneni zazo zikhula kakuhle xa zihamba kwaye zikhasa zinganxibanga zihlangu. Ukuba kubanda, unganxiba iikawusi.
Xa umntwana wakho eqala ukuhamba ngaphandle, kubalulekile ukukhetha izihlangu ezimfanela kakuhle.
- Isihlangu masilingane nesimo sonyawo lomntwana.
- Kufuneka kubekho indawo yokuba iminwe ikwazi ukuhambahamba ngokukhululekileyo.
- Kufuneka kubekho isithuba esimalunga nesiqingatha sesentimitha phakathi konyawo olude kunye nomphetho ongaphambili wesihlangu.
- Ayinakunamathela esithendeni okanye ibe nkulu.
- Ukuba kunokwenzeka, khetha izihlangu ezenziwe ngezinto zendalo. Kubalulekile ukubonelela ngomoya kuba iinyawo zeentsana ziyabila kakhulu.
Iinyawo zeentsana zikhula ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke jonga izihlangu kunye needesika zabo rhoqo emva kwenyanga enye ukuya kwezintathu de babe neminyaka emi-3 ubudala.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ubudala umntwana aqala ngabo ukuhamba buyahluka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ngokwesiqhelo, baqala ukuhamba phakathi kweenyanga ezili-10-18. Musa ukukhathazeka.
- Ukuba umntwana wakho akakahambi ngeenyanga ezili-18 kwaye unamathandabuzo ngaloo nto, ngokuqinisekileyo thetha nogqirha.
- Musa ukunyanzela umntwana wakho ukuba ahambe. Mkhuthaze ukuba ahambe aze adlale naye.
- Kuphephe ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuhamba abantwana ngokupheleleyo. Zithintela ukukhula kwezihlunu kwaye zonyusa umngcipheko weengozi.
- Mvumele umntwana wakho ahambe enganxibanga zihlangu endlwini. Kulungile kakhulu ekuphuhliseni iinyawo zakhe.
- Xa umntwana wakho eqala ukuhamba, yenza indawo yasekhaya ibe yindawo ekhuselekileyo kuye. Gcina izinto eziyingozi kude nokufikelela kwakhe.
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