Ake sifunde ngqo ngegciwane le-HPV (Human Papillomavirus). Ungesabi, ake sixoxe!

Cishe uke wezwa amagama athi `HPV`. Mhlawumbe kumngane, noma ku-inthanethi, noma kudokotela. Iyini ngempela `HPV (Human Papillomavirus)`? Ingabe lokhu kuyinto okufanele uyesabe? Cha, ungakhathazeki. Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Iyini ngempela i-HPV (i-Human Papillomavirus)?

Kalula nje, i-HPV iyigciwane elivame kakhulu. Lifana nomkhuhlane ovamile, kodwa lihlukile kancane. Kunezinhlobo ze-HPV ezingaphezu kwe-100. Ezinye izinhlobo zingabangela izinsumpa ezincane ezandleni zakho, ezinyaweni, noma ebusweni. Kukhona nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30 ezithinta izitho zangasese. Lokho kusho ukuthi isitho sangasese sowesifazane, umlomo wesibeletho, kanye nepenis. Izinsumpa zesitho sangasese sowesifazane zibangelwa yilezi zinhlobo ze-HPV.

Eqinisweni, i-HPV ingenye yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ezivame kakhulu (ama-STI). Ivame kakhulu, empeleni, kangangokuthi abantu abaningi abahlanganyela ocansini abangakagonyelwa i-HPV bazotheleleka ngaleli gciwane ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, abazi nokuthi banalo.

Manje nansi into ebalulekile. Kunezinhlobo ze-HPV 'ezinengozi ephansi' kanye 'nezinengozi ephezulu' . Izinhlobo ezinengozi ephansi yizo ezibangela izinhlungu, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezithile ze-HPV ezinobungozi obuphezulu ezingabangela umdlavuza njengomdlavuza wesibeletho kanye nomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Kodwa ungakhathazeki , uma uzithola kusenesikhathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungokuhlolwa kwe-Pap smear noma ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV, futhi uma uthola futhi welapha amangqamuzana angaphambi komdlavuza, ungavame ukuvimbela umdlavuza ukuthi ungakhuli.

Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-HPV nomdlavuza wesibeletho?

Uma abantu abaningi becabanga nge-HPV, bacabanga ngomdlavuza wesibeletho. Yebo, kukhona iqiniso kulokho. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-HPV, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo 16 no-18, zingabangela izinguquko emaseli esibeletho. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-cervical dysplasia. Lokhu kufana nesibonakaliso esiyisixwayiso ngaphambi komdlavuza. Uma lezi zinguquko zamaseli zingelashwa, ngezinye izikhathi zingaba umdlavuza wesibeletho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kodwa nansi into okufanele uyikhumbule. Uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engama-30, ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-HPV kuyaphela ngokwako . Kufana nokuthi amasosha ethu omzimba alwa negciwane futhi alinqobe. Ngemva kweminyaka engama-30, uma i-Pap smear ibonisa i-HPV, udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa kaningi yini. Lokho kusho ukuthi uma usengozini enkulu, kubalulekile ukuhlolwa kaningi.

Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza i-Pap smear njalo kusukela uneminyaka engu-21.Kodwa-ke, ngoba nje utshelwe ukuthi une-HPV noma i-cervical dysplasia, ungesabi ukuthi uzoba nomdlavuza. Akwenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-HPV kuphenduke umdlavuza?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Empeleni, igciwane le-HPV ngokwalo 'aliguquki' libe umdlavuza. Okwenzekayo yilokhu: Uma ungenwa uhlobo 'oluyingozi kakhulu' lwe-HPV, lungabangela izinguquko zamaseli angaphambi komdlavuza emaseli akho. Uma lezi zinguquko zamaseli zishiywa zingalashwa, zingagcina seziphenduke umdlavuza. Kodwa le nqubo ingathatha iminyaka, ngisho namashumi eminyaka . Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthola lezi zinguquko zamaseli angaphambi komdlavuza kusenesikhathi ngokuhlolwa okufana ne-Pap smear.

Ziyini izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-HPV?

Esikhathini esiningi, ukutheleleka kwe-HPV okuthinta izitho zakho zangasese akudali zimpawu . Kodwa-ke, uma kuvela izimpawu, uphawu oluvame kakhulu ukukhula kwezinhlungu zangasese. Lezi zinhlungu zingabonakala njengezimila ezincane ezifana neklabishi noma ngisho namathegi esikhumba. Zingavela emavikini, ezinyangeni, noma ngisho neminyaka ngemva kokuba uthelelekile. Njengezinye izinhlobo ze-HPV, izinhlungu zangasese ziyathelelana . Zingaba zilume futhi zingakhululeki kakhulu.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi izinhlobo ze-HPV 'eziyingozi kakhulu' azibangeli zimpawu kuze kube yilapho zikhula zibe umdlavuza . Yingakho ukuhlolwa kubalulekile.

Ingabe zonke izinhlungu zibangelwa yi-HPV?

Yebo! Lokhu kungaba yinto edidayo kancane, ikakhulukazi uma uzama ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwamaqhubu akhula emunweni wakho, amaqhubu akhula endaweni yakho yokuzala, kanye ne-HPV engaholela kumdlavuza wesibeletho.

Kalula nje, izinhlobo ze-HPV ezibangela izinhlungu, okuhlanganisa izinhlungu zesitho sangasese (ezibangelwa kakhulu izinhlobo ze-HPV 6 no-11), ziyacasula ngempela. Ubani othanda izinhlungu, ikakhulukazi endaweni yesitho sangasese? Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlobo ze-HPV azilimazi, okusho ukuthi azibangeli umdlavuza .

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-HPV zingabangela amaqhubu kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba:

• Ama-flat warts
• Amaqhubu e-Plantar ezintendeni nasematheni
• Ama-warts asePeriungual kanye nase-subungual

Okubalulekile: Zonke izimpukane zibangelwa yi-HPV. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinhlobo ze-HPV ezibangela izimpukane. Izinhlobo ze-HPV ezingaholela kumdlavuza azibangeli izimpukane. Khumbula lokhu.

I-HPV idluliselwa kanjani?

I-HPV yobulili isakazeka kakhulu ngokuthintana kwesikhumba nesikhumba.Okusho ukuthi, ngesikhathi socansi, ucansi lomlomo, kanye nocansi lwendunu. Izitho zakho zangasese - okungukuthi, isitho sakho sangasese sowesifazane, ipenisi, i-scrotum, i-rectum, kanye ne-anus - zingatheleleka uma zithinta izindawo ezifanayo zomuntu onegciwane.

Kukhona futhi amathuba okuthi igciwane lingadluliselwa ngokuxhumana ngezandla nezitho zangasese, isibonelo, "ngokuthintana ngezandla" noma "ukujola ngezandla". Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuthiwa kuyindlela engavamile yokudlulisa igciwane, futhi idatha kulokhu incane kuneyokuxhumana nezitho zangasese.

Kungakanani amathuba okuthola i-HPV?

I-HPV iyigciwane elithelelanayo kakhulu . Esinye isizathu ukuthi isakazeka ngokuthintana kwesikhumba nesikhumba. Akudingeki ukuthi wabelane ngoketshezi lomzimba ukuze uthole igciwane kothile, noma komunye umuntu ukuze uthole igciwane. Igciwane lingasakazeka ngisho noma kungekho ukuphuma kocansi.

I-HPV ithinta bani?

Noma ubani olala nomuntu onegciwane noma osondelene kakhulu nezitho zangasese angathola i-HPV. Futhi, noma ubani onegciwane angalidlulisela kumlingani wakhe.

Uma une-HIV, amasosha omzimba wakho angase abe nesikhathi esinzima sokulwa nokutheleleka kwe-HPV. Amadoda alala namadoda anamathuba amaningi okuthola izinhlobo ze-HPV eziyingozi kakhulu ezingabangela umdlavuza. Ngaleso sikhathi, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap endunu. Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kungayitholi ngqo i-HPV, kungabona izinguquko zamaseli angaphambi komdlavuza. Buza udokotela wakho uma udinga lokhu kuhlolwa.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unjani umzimba wakho wokuzala, kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwe-HPV ngokuthola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV nokwenza ucansi oluphephile (ukusebenzisa amakhondomu noma amadamu amazinyo ngendlela efanele nangokungaguquguquki) .

Indlela i-HPV ethinta ngayo abesifazane

Ngokuvamile, abesifazane basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-HPV. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukutheleleka kwe-HPV 'okuyingozi kakhulu' kungakhula kube umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uma kungelashwa. Ama-Pap smears kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV kungabona izinguquko zamaseli ngaphambi komdlavuza kusenesikhathi futhi kuvimbele umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. I-HPV ingadala nezinhlungu zobulili kwabesifazane.

Indlela i-HPV ethinta ngayo amadoda

Kwabesilisa, izingozi zempilo ezivela ku-HPV ziphansi kunakwabesifazane. Amadoda nawo angathola izinhlungu zesitho sangasese sowesifazane, kodwa izifo eziningi ziyaphela zodwa . I-HPV ingabangela umdlavuza wepenis, i-anus, kanye nekhanda nentamo, kodwa lokhu akuvamile . Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV kanye ne-Pap smears akuvamile ukunconywa kwabesilisa (ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwe-Pap ye-anal kwe-MSM).

Yiziphi izinkinga zokutheleleka nge-HPV?

Inkinga enkulu kakhulu ye-HPV umdlavuza. Umdlavuza wesibeletho uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu oluhlotshaniswa ne-HPV . Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza azivamile kakhulu. Zihlanganisa:

• Umdlavuza wendunu
• Umdlavuza wepenisi
• Umdlavuza womphimbo
• Umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane
• Umdlavuza we-vulvar

Kodwa-ke, ngoba nje une-HPV – noma ngabe uhlobo 'oluyingozi kakhulu' – ungacabangi ukuthi uzoba nalo mdlavuza .

Ama-genital warts angenye inkinga ye-HPV. Angaba lusizi, angakhululeki, futhi aphazamise impilo yansuku zonke. Ngaphandle kwalezo zimpawu, ama-genital warts awayona ingozi kakhulu.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezingabona ukutheleleka kwe-HPV?

Ama-warts ezitho zangasese kanye nama-warts kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ngokuvamile angabonwa udokotela uma ebonakala. Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobo 'eziyingozi kakhulu' ze-HPV azibangeli izimpawu, uvame ukuthola kuphela ukuthi unesifo ngokuhlolwa kwe-Pap smear noma ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV okuvamile.

• I-Pap smear: Lokhu kuhlola umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kanye namaseli angaphambi komdlavuza angaba umdlavuza uma engelashwa. Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho cishe njalo ubangelwa yi-HPV 'eyingozi kakhulu'.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV: Lokhu kungabona ngqo ukuba khona kwezinhlobo ze-HPV 'eziyingozi kakhulu', okungukuthi, izinhlobo zamagciwane angabangela umdlavuza wesibeletho uma engelashwa.

Kunezinye izinqubo ezingathola amaseli angajwayelekile angabangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-HPV:

• I-Colposcopy: Udokotela wakho angase akucele lokhu kuhlolwa uma i-Pap smear yakho ibonisa amangqamuzana angajwayelekile noma uma une-HPV positive. Kulokhu kuhlolwa, umlomo wesibeletho sakho ukhuliswa ngethuluzi elikhanyayo elibizwa ngokuthi i-colposcope. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone noma yimaphi amangqamuzana angajwayelekile ngokucacile. Udokotela angathatha isampula encane yala maseli awathumele elebhu ukuze ahlole ukuthi awanawo yini umdlavuza noma umdlavuza. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-biopsy.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokubona Nge-Acetic Acid (VIA): Le ndlela isetshenziswa odokotela abasebenza ezindaweni lapho ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap smears noma i-HPV kungatholakali kalula khona. Kule ndlela, kufakwa isisombululo esifana neviniga emlonyeni wesibeletho, esiguqula noma yimaphi amangqamuzana angajwayelekile abe mhlophe, okwenza kube lula ukuwabona.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-HPV?

Khumbula, ukwelashwa akukwazi ukususa ngokuphelele igciwane le-HPV emzimbeni wakho . Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ekususeni amaqhubu avela ezithweni zakho zangasese noma kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho, kanye nokususa amaseli angajwayelekile esibelethweni sakho somlomo wesibeletho.

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha:

• Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Cryosurgery:Ukusebenzisa i-nitrogen ewuketshezi ukuze uqandise ama-warts bese uwasusa kulungile, njengoba kunjalo nangokubhubhisa amaseli angajwayelekile.
• Inqubo Yokususa Isisu Nge-Electrosurgical Excision (LEEP): I-wire loop ekhethekile isetshenziselwa ukususa ama-warts noma amaseli angajwayelekile emlonyeni wesibeletho.
• Ukushisa ngogesi: Ugesi usetshenziselwa ukushisa nokususa amaqhubu.
• Ukwelashwa nge-laser: Kusebenzisa ukukhanya okukhulu ukubhubhisa ama-warts noma amaseli angajwayelekile.
• I-biopsy yekhoni yommese obandayo: Ingcezu yezicubu zomlomo wesibeletho emise okwekhoni isuswa emlonyeni wesibeletho. Lokhu kungase kube namaseli angajwayelekile.
• Okhilimu abanikezwa udokotela: Kukhona okhilimu abanikezwa udokotela abangasetshenziswa ngqo ezinhlungwini ukuze babulale, njenge-imiquimod (Aldara®) kanye ne-podofilox (Condylox®).
• I-Trichloroacetic acid (TCA): Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali. Isetshenziswa ekushiseni amaqhubu.

Inani elincane kuphela labantu abane-HPV 'esengozini enkulu' eba namaseli entamo angavamile adinga ukwelashwa ukuze agwenywe ukuba abe umdlavuza.

Ingabe i-HPV ingavinjelwa?

Indlela kuphela yokuvimbela i-HPV ngokuphelele ukuyeka ucansi. Kodwa kubantu abaningi, lokho akusebenzi. Ngakho-ke, imigomo engokoqobo ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka nge-HPV nokuvimbela umdlavuza wesibeletho ngokuphila impilo yocansi enempilo.

Unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokuthi:

• Thola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV. Umuthi wokugomela i-HPV usebenza kahle kakhulu uma uwuthola ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuya ocansini (cishe eminyakeni eyi-11 noma eyi-12). Kodwa-ke, ungakusiza futhi ekuvikeleni ezinhlotsheni ze-HPV ongakaze uvezwe kuzo ngaphambili, ngisho nangemva kokuba usuqale ukuya ocansini. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nezinketho zakho.
• Thola ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa njalo. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwe-HPV namaseli angajwayelekile kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza wesibeletho. Kufanele uqale ukuthola ama-Pap smears avamile kusukela uneminyaka engu-21. Buza udokotela wakho ngesimiso sokuhlolwa esifanele wena.
• Yenza ucansi oluphephile . Amakhondomu namadamu amazinyo awasebenzi kahle ekuvimbeleni i-HPV njengoba esebenza kahle ekuvimbeleni izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (ama-STI) ezisakazeka ngesidoda noma ngoketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-HPV isakazeka ngokuthintana kwesikhumba nesikhumba. Kodwa-ke, ukuwasebenzisa kahle njalo uma uya ocansini kunganciphisa ingozi yokuthola i-HPV.
• Vikela umlingani wakho (abalingani bakho). Tshela umlingani wakho uma une-HPV. Bangahlolwa futhi. Kungase kudingeke uyeke ukuya ocansini ngenkathi welashwa izinhlungu zesitho sangasese noma i-HPV 'eyingozi kakhulu'. Buza udokotela wakho ngezinyathelo zokuphepha okufanele uzithathe uma unegciwane le-HPV.

Yini engingayilindela uma nginesifo se-HPV?

Isibikezelo esijwayelekile se-HPV sihle kakhulu . Kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-HPV onayo nokuthi umzimba wakho ukwazi kanjani ukulwa nokutheleleka. Uma unohlobo lwe-HPV 'olunengozi encane' futhi uphilile, kunethuba elihle lokuthi ukutheleleka kuzophela ngokwako zingakapheli izinyanga eziyi-12 kuya kwezingama-24 .

Kunezinhlobo ezithile ze-HPV ezingadala umdlavuza. Udokotela wakho uzokuqapha lezi zinhlobo futhi ancome ukuhlolwa noma ukwelashwa okwengeziwe uma kudingeka. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwezinhlobo 'ezinobungozi obukhulu' kanye nokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo (isib. ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap okuvamile) kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza wesibeletho obangelwa yi-HPV.

Ingabe i-HPV ingelapheka?

Cha. Akukho ukwelashwa kwe-HPV. Kodwa-ke, amasosha omzimba wakho ayakwazi kakhulu ukuqeda igciwane. Iningi lokutheleleka kwe-HPV (cishe ama-90%) liyaphela phakathi nonyaka noma emibili.

Ingabe i-HPV iyathelelana impilo yonke?

Akunjalo ngempela. Uma nje unegciwane – kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unezimpawu noma cha – ungalisakaza lisuka komunye umuntu liye komunye. Isibonelo, uma izinhlungu zakho zangasese ziphela kodwa igciwane lisesemzimbeni wakho, ungadlulisela igciwane le-HPV elibangele lezo nhlungu komunye umuntu.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Bona udokotela uma unanoma yikuphi kwalokhu:

• Ama-warts ezitho zangasese . Lawa ama-warts abukeka njenge-cauliflower. Angavela esithweni sakho sangasese sowesifazane, endunu, noma emlonyeni.
• Imiphumela ye-Pap smear engavamile. Imiphumela ye-Pap smear engavamile isho ukuthi ungadinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwe-HPV.

Futhi, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele wenze izivivinyo ezingabonisa ukutheleleka kwe-HPV kangaki, njenge-Pap smear. Khuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka onakho nge-HPV, ikakhulukazi uma unesifo sempilo esenza buthaka amasosha omzimba wakho. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima ngomzimba wakho ukulwa naleli gciwane.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Kuvamile kakhulu ukuba nemibuzo embalwa mayelana ne-HPV. Ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe ngidinga ukwelashwa kwe-HPV?
• Ingabe lolu hlobo lwe-HPV 'luyingozi kakhulu'?
• Ingabe kufanele ngihlolwe i-HPV njalo?
• Ngingayidlulisela yini i-HPV kwabanye?
• Ngingayithola yini i-HPV vaccine?

Ingabe umlingani wami kufanele akhathazeke uma ngine-HPV?

I-HPV ivame kakhulu.Cishe wonke umuntu unayo noma uzoyithola i-HPV ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yakhe. Ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-HPV kuyaphela ngokwako , njengoba umzimba wakho ulwa negciwane.

Kunzima ukuqiniseka ukuthi umlingani wakho uthole i-HPV kuwe noma komunye umuntu. Ngoba i-HPV ingathatha iminyaka ukukhombisa izimpawu (uma izibonakalisa). Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuhlola impilo njalo bese wabelana ngolwazi lwakho lwempilo nomlingani wakho.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhungathekile futhi wesaba uma ufunda nge-HPV (Human Papillomavirus). Ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi mayelana nokuthi izoyithinta kanjani impilo yakho kanye nobudlelwano bakho bocansi. Ngaphambi kokuba wethuke, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaleli gciwane nokuthi lenzani ngempela. Ungacabangi ngokushesha ukuthi uzothola umdlavuza.

Akuzona zonke izinhlobo ze-HPV ezifanayo. I-HPV, ebangela izinhlungu zesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ingaba yihlazo, kodwa igciwane alilimazi. Ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-HPV kususwa ngumzimba wakho. Ezimweni lapho umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukulwa nakho, udokotela wakho uzoqapha amangqamuzana ukuze athole izinguquko ezingaholela kumdlavuza.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngomuthi wokugomela i-HPV bese uhlolwa njalo. Yilokho okubaluleke kakhulu.

I- Human papillomavirus, i-HPV, umdlavuza wesibeletho, izinhlungu zesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap, umuthi wokugomela i-HPV, izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi