Ukhathazekile ngomdlavuza wolimi? Ake sixoxe ngakho!

Ngezinye izikhathi kuyethusa ukubona inxeba elincane noma ibala olimini lwakho, akunjalo? Noma uzizwa unenkinga encane lapho ugwinya ukudla? Ungase uzibuze ukuthi lezi zingaba yini izimpawu zomdlavuza wolimi. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi umdlavuza wolimi uyini, ukuthi ubangelwa yini, izimpawu zawo, ukwelashwa kwawo, nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani kuwo.

Uyini Umdlavuza Wolimi?

Kalula nje, umdlavuza wolimi ulapho amangqamuzana olimini lwakho eqala ukukhula ngokungalawuleki futhi ngokushesha. Ulimi lwethu luqala eduze kwethambo elincane lapho isilevu sakho sihlangana khona nentamo yakho (lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi ithambo le-hyoid, okuyithambo elingaphansi kwesilevu sakho, lapho intamo yakho iqala khona) futhi ludlulela phansi komlomo wakho.

Bheka manje, lo mdlavuza ubizwa ngamagama amabili kuye ngokuthi uvelaphi.

• Uma uba nomdlavuza ngaphambili kolimi lwakho, ongawubona, odokotela bawubiza ngokuthi umdlavuza womlomo noma umdlavuza wolimi lomlomo.
• Kodwa-ke, uma umdlavuza uvela ngaphakathi kolimi, eduze komphimbo , lapho ungenakuwubona khona, ubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza we-oropharyngeal noma umdlavuza wolimi oyisisekelo . Lokhu kujule kancane, ngakho kungase kungabi lula ukukubona.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezenzeka olimini?

Nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zomdlavuza ezingakhula olimini, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu yi-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Amaseli e-squamous awuhlobo lweseli eliyisicaba elitholakala engxenyeni engaphandle yesikhumba sethu. Cabanga ngalo njengoplasta ophezu kodonga. I-SCC ivame ukukhula ezindaweni zomzimba ezivame ukuchayeka elangeni. Kodwa-ke, ingakhula nasezindaweni ezifana nolwelwesi lwamafinyila ngaphakathi komlomo, okuyisikhumba esithambile nesimanzi ngaphakathi komlomo.

Uvame kangakanani lo mdlavuza wolimi?

Eqinisweni, umdlavuza wolimi ngokuvamile awuvamile . Ubangela ngaphansi kwe-1% yomdlavuza osanda kutholakala ezweni elifana ne-United States. Kodwa-ke, ubhekwa njengohlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu phakathi komdlavuza wekhanda nentamo .

Enye into ukuthi amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kabili okuthola lolu hlobo lomdlavuza wolimi kunabesifazane . Futhi, luvame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40. Ngakho-ke kuhle ukuqaphela lokhu njengoba ukhula.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wolimi?

Okokuqala, izimpawu zomdlavuza wolimi azibonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuthi umdlavuza uyabonakala noma cha, nokuthi ubukeka kanjani, kuncike ekutheni isimila sikuphi nokuthi isifo sesisabalale kangakanani. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kungabi nazimpawu nhlobo.

Noma kunjalo, kunezimpawu ezimbalwa ezivamile zangaphandle ezingabonakala:

• Amabala abomvu (odokotela bawabiza ngokuthi "i-erythroplakia") noma amabala amhlophe (``leukoplakia'') olimini lwakho. Lawa angase angazishiyi zodwa.
• Isigaxa noma isimila ohlangothini lolimi esopha kalula .
• Isilonda esibomvu noma esimpunga olimini esingapholi . Uma lesi silonda singapholi ngemva kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu, kufanele usole.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kungase kuvele ezinye izimpawu, ngakho-ke qaphela nalezi:

• Ukuzwa ukuqina kwesikhumba ngaphakathi emlonyeni.
• Umphimbo obuhlungu ongapheli (i-pharyngitis engapheli). Kuzwakala sengathi umphimbo wakho uhlala ubuhlungu .
• Ubuhlungu bentamo .
• Ubuhlungu bendlebe (lokhu kungenzeka ikakhulukazi uma umdlavuza wolimi ususakazekele emphinjeni).
• Umuzwa wokuthile okunamathele emphinjeni.
• Ukungabi namandla kolimi noma ezinye izingxenye zomlomo.
• Umuzwa oshisayo olimini.
• Ubunzima noma ubuhlungu lapho uhlafuna noma ugwinya ukudla.
• Ukuhosha kwezwi , noma ukushintsha kwezwi.
• Ukuvuvukala komhlathi.
• Amazinyo axegayo.
• Izinguquko ezisheshayo kumazinyo okufakelwa owasebenzisayo (njengokungathi awasalingani kahle).

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, sicela ubonane nodokotela.

Yiziphi izimbangela zomdlavuza wolimi?

Ochwepheshe basazama ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela lokhu. Kodwa abakwaziyo ukuthi umdlavuza wolimi uvela lapho amangqamuzana angajwayelekile eqala ukukhula ngokungalawuleki. Kungani abanye abantu bekuthola lokhu kanti abanye bengakutholi, nokuthi kungani lawa maseli ekhula ngokungalawuleki, kusacwaningwa. Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lawa ma-cancer abangelwa izinguquko kuma-gene (izinguquko ze-DNA) ezithinta ulimi . Lawa ma-gene afana nezincwadi zemiyalelo zamaseli ethu, futhi izinkinga ziyaphakama lapho leyo miyalelo ingahambi kahle.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza wolimi?

Ochwepheshe bathole izici eziningana ezandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wolimi. Lezi sizibiza ngokuthi izici eziyingozi. Izici ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu nezinamandla eziyingozi ukubhema kakhulu nokuphuza kakhulu (isifo sokusebenzisa utshwala). Uma unazo zombili lezi zinto, ingozi yakho iphakeme nakakhulu. Cabanga ngakho, amakhemikhali ayingozi kusikilidi alimaza amangqamuzana olimi lwakho, futhi utshwala bungenza lowo monakalo ube mubi kakhulu. Kufana nokuthela i-asidi esilondeni.

Ezinye izinto eziyingozi yilezi:

• Ukutheleleka kwe-HPV (Human Papillomavirus): Lokhu kuyimbangela enkulu yomdlavuza wolimi oyisisekelo. Akuvamile, kungabangela nomdlavuza wolimi lomlomo. I-HPV iyigciwane elivame kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile alibangeli zimpawu.
• Ukuhlafuna ugwayi: Ukuhlafuna ugwayi nge-betel nut nakho kuyingozi enkulu. Lokhu kuwumkhuba ovamile ezweni lakithi, ngakho-ke kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile ngalokhu.
• Ukuhlafuna i-betel nut: Ngisho nokuhlafuna i-betel nut yodwa kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wolimi.
• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza womlomo noma womlomo: Umlando womndeni nawo udlala indima.
• Uke waba nomdlavuza ngaphambili (ikakhulukazi i-squamous cell carcinoma).

Odokotela bawuthola kanjani umdlavuza wolimi? (Ukuxilongwa)

Odokotela bamazinyo bavame ukuba ngabokuqala ukusola umdlavuza wolimi . Lokhu kungaba ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamazinyo okuvamile, ukuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo, noma lapho udokotela womndeni wakho (uPrimary Care Physician - PCP) ekuhlolela esinye isimo.

Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe, udokotela wakho angenza okulandelayo:

• Kuzokhanyiswa ukukhanya okukhethekile (ukukhanya okukhanyayo) emlonyeni wakho ukuze kubhekwe noma yiziphi izicubu ezingavamile.
• Ishubhu elincane neliguquguqukayo (i-endoscope) elinekhamera nokukhanya okunamathiselwe kulo lisetshenziswa ukubheka ngaphakathi emlonyeni nasemphinjeni. Lokhu kuvumela umbono omuhle ngaphakathi.
• Ama-lymph node entanyeni ayahlolwa ukuthi awavuvukalanga yini. Siphinde sibize lokhu ngokuthi 'ukuvuvukala'. Lokhu kungavuvukala uma kunomdlavuza.

Uma udokotela ebona izimpawu zomdlavuza wolimi, cishe uzoyala ukuthi kwenziwe i-biopsy . Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yezicubu ezithintekile bese eyithumela elabhorethri. Lapho, udokotela wezifo ubheka izicubu ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze abone ukuthi zinamaseli omdlavuza yini. Kufana nomphenyi ofuna ubufakazi!

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa kwezithombe okufana nalokhu ukuze abone ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani nokuthi mkhulu kangakanani:

• I-CT scan (CT - i-computed tomography scans)
• Izikena ze -MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
• Ukuskena kwe-PET (ukuskena kwe-positron emission tomography)

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza wolimi? (Ukwelashwa)

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wolimi kuncike ezintweni eziningana. Ubukhulu besimila, indawo yaso, nokuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazeke kangakanani kuyacatshangelwa. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko:

• Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wolimi:Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela ukususa ingxenye noma lonke ulimi (i-"glossectomy"). Ngezinye izikhathi, "ukusikwa kwentamo" kwenziwa futhi ukuze kuncishiswe ukusabalala komdlavuza kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ("metastasis"). Cabanga ngakho njengokunquma igatsha esihlahleni esibolile ukuze lingasabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi basebenzisa ukwelashwa ngemisebe ukuze banciphise isimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Kodwa kaningi, kunikezwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kubulawe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa njengokwelashwa okukodwa uma umdlavuza usuvele usakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• Ukwelashwa ngemithi: Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali , ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy , kanye nokwelashwa okuqondiwe . Konke lokhu kusebenza ukulwa nokubhubhisa amaseli omdlavuza.

Liyini ithuba lokululama uma unesifo somdlavuza wolimi? (Outlook)

Umdlavuza wolimi uvame ukwelapheka uma utholakala futhi welashwa kusenesikhathi . Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela ngokushesha uma ubona iqhubu elisha, ibala, noma isilonda olimini lwakho esingeke siphole. Uma ulinda isikhathi eside, kuba nzima kakhulu ukwelapha.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wolimi, ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kanye nokuhlinzwa okwakha kabusha kungakusiza ukuthi uphinde uthole ikhono lakho lokukhuluma nokugwinya. Ngakho ungakhathazeki, kukhona ochwepheshe abangakusiza. Kungathatha isikhathi, kodwa ngokuzijwayeza, ungabuyela esimweni esijwayelekile.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda komdlavuza wolimi?

Izinga lokusinda komuntu onomdlavuza wolimi lincike ekutheni umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izindawo yini.

Lawa 'mazinga okusinda' aqhathanisa abantu abanohlobo oluthile lomdlavuza kanye nengozi yawo nalabo abaphakathi kwabantu abavamile. Isibonelo, uma izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu lohlobo oluthile lomdlavuza lingu-93%, lokho kusho ukuthi abantu abangu-93 kwabayi-100 abanalolo hlobo kanye nesigaba somdlavuza basaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokutholakala benalo.

Kodwa khumbula, lawa mazinga okusinda ayizilinganiso nje. Awakutsheli ukuthi uzophila isikhathi esingakanani noma ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okuzokusebenzela kangcono. Umzimba womuntu wonke kanye nenqubo yesifo kuhlukile. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Ungawuvimbela kanjani umdlavuza wolimi? (Ukuvimbela)

Umdlavuza wolimi awunakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise kakhulu ingozi yakho :

• Gwema ugwayi notshwala:Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela umdlavuza wolimi ukuyeka ugwayi (ugwayi, i-beedis, ugwayi ohlafunwayo) kanye notshwala. Lezi yizici ezimbili eziyinhloko eziyingozi. Ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuyeka, ingozi yokuthola zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza womlomo nomphimbo ingancishiswa kakhulu.
• Thola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV: I-HPV iyimbangela enkulu yomdlavuza womphimbo. Ivamile futhi ayivamile ukubangela izimpawu. Umuthi wokugomela i-HPV ungavikela umdlavuza wolimi, kanye nomdlavuza wesibeletho, ipenis, isitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nendunu. Buza udokotela wakho ngalokhu.
• Yidla izithelo eziningi, imifino, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele: Zama ukuthola umsoco wakho ekudleni okusha, okungacutshungulwanga. Nciphisa inyama ebomvu, iziphuzo ezinoshukela, kanye nokudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu. Buza udokotela wakho ngohlelo lokudla olufanele wena.
• Bona udokotela wamazinyo njalo: Phakathi nalezi zikhathi zokubonana, udokotela wamazinyo wakho angenza ukuhlolwa okuvamile komdlavuza womlomo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impilo enhle yomlomo izuzisa impilo kanye nenhlalakahle yomzimba wakho wonke.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma ubona iqhubu elisha, i-blister, ibala, ubuhlungu, noma ushintsho lombala olimini lwakho, ikakhulukazi uma sekuphele amasonto angaphezu kwamabili , qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Ungamane nje ungalinaki. Kungase kungabi yinto engathi sína, kodwa kungcono ukulihlola.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, bona udokotela wamazinyo wakho njalo ukuze ahlanzwe futhi ahlolwe. Kubantu abaningi, lokho kusho ukuthi njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wamazinyo wakho uzokutshela ukuthi kufanele uze kangaki kuye ngezidingo zakho. Uma kukhona okusolisayo, bangase bakwazi ukukubona ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma kutholakale ukuthi unomdlavuza wolimi, ungase ufune ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Uyazi ukuthi yini ebangela ukwakheka kwalesi simila?
• Ingabe umdlavuza usabalale? Uma kunjalo, kuze kube nini?
• Yiziphi izinyathelo zami ezilandelayo? Yini okufanele ngiyenze?
• Hlobo luni lokwelashwa engiludingayo?
• Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwelashwa?
• Ingabe kufanele ngihlele ukuthatha ikhefu emsebenzini noma esikoleni?
• Ngizokwazi nini ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphumelele?
• Iyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa? Yini engenziwa ngayo?

Hhayi le mibuzo kuphela, kodwa nanoma yini onayo engqondweni, ngisho nokungabaza okuncane, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela. Bakhona ukuzokusiza.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba, udumele, futhi mhlawumbe uzizwe udabukile kakhulu uma uzwa ukuthi wena noma umuntu omthandayo unomdlavuza wolimi. Kodwa ungesabi, ungesabi.Udokotela wakho ukhona ukuzokusiza. Bangakhuluma nawe ngezinketho zokwelapha futhi bathole izinsiza zokukusekela kuzo zonke izinyathelo zendlela.

Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kubalulekile. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona indawo entsha, iqhubu noma yini enye esolisayo olimini lwakho - tshela udokotela wakho. Shesha, sindisa impilo! Awuwedwa, sonke silapha ukuzokusiza kulolu hambo.

Umdlavuza Wolimi , Umdlavuza Wolimi, Umdlavuza Womlomo, Izimpawu Zomdlavuza, Izimbangela Zomdlavuza, Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza, I-HPV