Masiqonde i-Temporal Lobe: Ukucwila Okujulile Kule Ngxenye Yobuchopho Emangalisayo | Nirogi Lanka

Wake wazibuza ngemisebenzi emangalisayo neyinkimbinkimbi ubuchopho bakho obuyenzayo njalo ngomzuzwana? Namuhla, ake sihlole ingxenye ethakazelisayo nebalulekile yobuchopho bakho: i-lobe yesikhashana. Kalula nje, lena yindawo enamandla emangalisayo ekusiza ukuthi uchaze umhlaba ngezinzwa zakho, uxoxe nabanye, ukhumbule izinkumbulo eziyigugu, ucubungule ulimi, futhi uzwe imizwa!

Uyini umsebenzi we-Temporal Lobe?

Ake sihlole ukuthi kungani i-temporal lobe yakho ibaluleke kangaka kanye nemisebenzi eyinhloko eyenzayo. Uma ucabanga ngakho, le ndawo ihilelekile cishe kukho konke okwenzayo phakathi nosuku!

Inkumbulo

Ngaphakathi kwe-lobe yakho yesikhashana kukhona i- Hippocampus . Leli yitshe lesisekelo senkumbulo yakho kanye namakhono akho okuqonda—empeleni lisebenza njengomtapo wolwazi wobuchopho bakho.

Ulimi

I-temporal lobe yakho ikusiza ukuthi uchaze incazelo yamagama nezinto. Isibonelo, uma ubona indebe, i-temporal lobe yakho iyayibona njengesitsha sokuphuza. Iphinde igcine indawo kaWernicke , okubalulekile ekuqondeni ulimi nokwakha imisho enengqondo.

Imizwa

Ngaphakathi kwe-lobe yakho yesikhashana kukhona i- Amygdala . Lesi sakhiwo sidlala indima ebalulekile endleleni ozizwa futhi ucubungula ngayo imizwa yakho.

Izinzwa

I-lobe yakho yesikhashana icubungula izimpawu ezivela ezinzwa zakho, ikakhulukazi umbono wakho nokuzwa .

Ukuqashelwa Okubonakalayo

Izindawo ezithile ze-lobe yesikhashana zibalulekile ekuboneni ubuso obujwayelekile nezinto ezivamile .

Wonke la makhono axhumene kakhulu. Izinzwa zakho zikwazisa ngezwe, inkumbulo yakho ikusiza ukuthi uqaphele amaphethini ajwayelekile, amakhono akho olimi akuvumela ukuthi uchaze okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho, futhi imizwa yakho ikunikeza umuzwa wobuqu ohambisana nalezi zenzakalo.

Kuyathakazelisa ukubona ukuthi lezi zinzwa, inkumbulo, ulimi, kanye nemizwa zisebenza kanjani ndawonye. Imizwa efana nokwesaba noma ukukhathazeka iyizindlela zemvelo zokuvikela (lezi ziba ukukhathazeka ngempilo yengqondo kuphela uma ziphazamisa impilo yakho yansuku zonke). Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinkumbulo nemizwa kukusiza ukuthi ukhumbule okuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini ukuze ubone futhi ugweme izingozi ezingaba khona.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imizwa iyasiza ekufundeni. Yingakho imiphumela emihle (njengokuthola isipho noma ukufeza umgomo) ivusa imizwa yenjabulo, kuyilapho imiphumela emibi noma engafuneki ivusa ukudabuka noma ukukhungatheka.

Iphi i-Temporal Lobe yakho?

Njengamanye ama-brain lobes, i-temporal lobe yakho inomphetho wesobunxele nowesokudla. La ma-lobe abekwe ezinhlangothini zobuchopho bakho. Asuka ngaphezu kwezindlebe zakho aye ngemuva kwawo kancane, agijima eceleni kogebhezi lwakho.

I-Temporal Lobe inombala onjani?

Njengeningi lezicubu zobuchopho bakho, i-temporal lobe ibonakala inombala ompunga-opinki uma igazi ligeleza kuyo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokugeleza kwegazi, izicubu zobuchopho zibonakala zimpunga.

Ingakanani i-Temporal Lobe?

Yingxenye yesibili ngobukhulu kuma-lobe amahlanu amakhulu , akha cishe u-20% we-cerebral cortex yakho. Igama elithi "cortex" livela egameni lesiLatini elisho "igxolo lomuthi," elibhekisela ongqimbeni lwangaphandle olugoqiwe lobuchopho bakho, olucishe lube ngamamilimitha angu-2.5 ubukhulu.

Yenziwe ngani i-Temporal Lobe?

Yakhiwa ngamaseli akhethekile atholakala kulo lonke uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa, ikakhulukazi:

• Ama-Neuron: Lawa ngamaseli anesibopho sokudlulisa izimpawu ngaphakathi kobuchopho bakho. Aguqula izimpawu zikagesi zibe izimpawu zamakhemikhali ukuze axhumane namanye ama-neuron bese ebuyela ezimpawini zikagesi.
• Amaseli e-Glial: Lawa amaseli asekelayo ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa. Awaziphathi izimpawu ngokwawo kodwa kunalokho agcina futhi asekele ama-neurons akho.

Yiziphi izindawo ezibalulekile ze-Temporal Lobe?

Izindawo eziningana ezibalulekile zidinga ukukhulunywa ngokukhethekile:

• I-Amygdala: Lokhu kulawula imizwa efana nokwesaba nokukhathazeka futhi kunegalelo ezimpendulweni zemizwa ezihlobene nokufunda.
• I-Hippocampus: Ibunjwe njengehhashi lasolwandle, leli lilayibhrari lobuchopho bakho. Ligcina izinkumbulo ezichazayo—njengezehlakalo, amaqiniso, nolwazi—futhi lisiza ngenkumbulo yokuqaphela.
• I-Fusiform gyrus: Lokhu kusebenza njengebhuloho elibalulekile phakathi kwesikhungo sokucubungula okubonakalayo ku-occipital lobe yakho kanye nesitoreji sememori ku-temporal lobe yakho. Kuhlaziya lokho okubonayo futhi kukufanise nezinkumbulo zakho ezigciniwe, okubalulekile ekuboneni ubuso obujwayelekile.

Izimo ezivamile ezithinta i-Temporal Lobe

Eqinisweni, noma yisiphi isimo sezokwelapha esithinta ubuchopho singathinta i-temporal lobe yakho. Ezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihilela impilo yengqondo, zingaba nomthelela oqondile kule ndawo. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer
• Izinhlobo ezithile ze-amnesia ( ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo )
• Izilonda zobuchopho (ezibangelwa yizifo, ukuhlinzwa, noma ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha)
• Izimila zobuchopho (kufaka phakathi ukukhula komdlavuza)
• Ubuthi be-carbon monoxide
• Ukubhajwa kwemisipha kanye nokunye ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu
• Izinhlobo ezithile ze-aphasia (ubunzima bolimi nokukhuluma)
• I-Frontotemporal dementia (kufaka phakathi izimo ezifana nesifo sikaPick)
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda kanye ne-migraines
• I-Hippocampal sclerosis
• Ukuchayeka ebuthi noma ubuthi (njengezinsimbi ezisindayo ezifana nomthofu noma amakhemikhali ezimboni afana ne-toluene)
• Izinkinga zokucubungula izinzwa ezihlobene nenkumbulo, njenge-prosopagnosia (ubumpumputhe bobuso)
• Izifo (ikakhulukazi lezo ezibangela i-encephalitis)
• Izimo zempilo yengqondo ezihilela ukwesaba noma ukucasuka, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zokukhathazeka noma isifo sokucindezeleka ngemva kwenhlekelele (PTSD)
• I-Lewy body dementia
• I-TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) evame kakhulu ehlobene nobudala phakathi kwamalungu omzimba (limbic-related age-related encephalopathy)
• I-Schizophrenia
• Ukuquleka kanye nezimo ezihlobene, njengesithuthwane, ikakhulukazi isithuthwane se-lobe yesikhashana
• Ukuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi kanye ne-ischemic yesikhashana (TIA)

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zezimo ezithinta i-temporal lobe?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-temporal lobe iyindawo eyinkimbinkimbi, umonakalo noma ukuphazamiseka kungaholela ezimpawini eziningi ezahlukene. Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu:

• I-lobe yakho yesikhashana inesibopho semisebenzi eminingi ehlukene yokuqonda kanye neyokuzwela.
• Izimo eziningi eziyisisekelo zingathinta ubuchopho ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuvame ukuholela ekuphazamisekeni komsebenzi we-lobe yesikhashana.

Nakuba uhlu lwezimpawu ezingaba khona lubanzi, ezinye zivame kakhulu noma zingase zibonise ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwezokwelapha . Lezi zifaka:

• Izinkinga zememori
• Izinguquko ekuqondeni noma ekuvezeni ulimi (njengokukhuluma noma ukubhala)
• I-Alexia (efana ne-dyslexia, kodwa inzima kakhulu futhi itholakala kamuva ekuphileni)
• I-Acalculia (ubunzima ngezinombolo nezibalo; kuyilapho i-dyscalculia iyindlela yokuthuthukisa, i-acalculia ivame ukutholwa)
• Ukuquleka (75% wokuquleka okugxile okuhlanganisa ukulahlekelwa ukwazi kuvela ku-temporal lobe)
• Ukukhathazeka okukhulu noma okuvamile noma ukuphazamiseka, ikakhulukazi okuhlobene nezinkumbulo eziphazamisayo noma ezibuhlungu
• Ukudideka
• Izinguquko embonweni

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezivamile ezisetshenziswa ukuhlola impilo ye-lobe yesikhashana?

Abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo basebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene okuxilonga ukuhlola impilo yakho ye-temporal lobe noma ukuthola izinkinga ezingaba khona. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ukuhlolwa kwelebhu, kanye nokuskena izithombe. Ezinye izinqubo ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (ukuhlonza izinkinga zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, ukuchayeka ebuthi, noma ubuthi bensimbi esindayo njengethusi, i-mercury, noma i-lead)
• I-computed tomography (CT) scan
• Ukuhlaziywa koketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal
• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• I-Electromyogram (ukuhlolwa kokuqhuba kwemizwa)
• Amandla avuselelwe (izivivinyo zemizwa)
• Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-magnetic resonance (MRI)
• Ukuhlolwa kwemizwa
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-neuropsychological
• Ukuskena kwe-positron emission tomography (PET)
• Ukuhlolwa kwezifo zenkulumo kanye nolimi

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zezimo ze-lobe zesikhashana?

Ngenxa yokuthi izimo ezithinta i-temporal lobe zihlukahlukene kakhulu, izinhlelo zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukuxoxa ngokuxilongwa kwakho kanye nendlela yokwelashwa enconywayo. Uma usola ukuthi unezinkinga zempilo, sicela ufune iseluleko sochwepheshe bezokwelapha ngokushesha. Uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo, shayela u-911 noma uvakashele umnyango wezimo eziphuthumayo oseduze nawe.

Ngingayigcina kanjani i-temporal lobe yami iphilile?

Kunezinyathelo eziningana zokuqapha ongazithatha ukuze ulondoloze impilo yobuchopho engcono kakhulu futhi usekele ukusebenza kwe-temporal lobe yakho. Ake sibheke ukuthi yini ongayenza eNirogi Lanka.

• Sekela ukuzwa kwakho:Uma uhlangabezana nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, akugcini nje ngokwenza kube nzima ukuxhumana noma ukuqonda indawo okuzungezile. Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okungelashwanga kuhlotshaniswa nokuncipha kwenkumbulo, i-dementia, kanye nezimo ezihlobene nokuguga njengesifo i-Alzheimer's. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuvakashela udokotela wezindlebe ukuze ahlolwe ukuzwa kwakho. Uma welulekwa ukuthi usebenzise izinsiza zokuzwa, sicela uzisebenzise njalo.
• Gcina ubuchopho bakho busebenza: Ubuchopho bakho busebenza njengomsipha—ukuze buhlale buphilile, udinga ukubuphonsela inselelo. Ukuhlala umatasa ngengqondo kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokulibazisa ukwehla kwengqondo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana nenkumbulo. Zama ukufunda amakhono amasha, ukuxazulula amaphazili, noma ukufunda izincwadi ukuze ugcine ingqondo yakho ibukhali.
• Beka ubuthongo obuhle kakhulu: Ubuchopho bakho budinga ubuthongo obuhle kakhulu ukuze busebenze kahle. Ukungalali ngokwanele noma okungenakhwalithi enhle kuhlotshaniswa nezimo ezifana ne-Alzheimer's. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo ezifana ne-sleep apnea zingaphazamisa ikhono lakho lokucabanga kahle nokukhumbula ulwazi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ukubeka ubuthongo bakho phambili kufana nokubeka impilo yakho yobuchopho phambili.
• Sebenzisa izinsiza zokuqonda: Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi afana namakhalenda, abahleli, ama-alamu, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone kungaqinisa kakhulu ikhono lakho lokuphatha ulwazi nokugcina inkumbulo. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale sengathi uthembele kakhulu kula mathuluzi, empeleni asiza ukugcina ubuchopho bakho buhlelekile futhi buhilelekile ezweni elikuzungezile.

Ngale kwalezi zinyathelo, kunezindlela eziningi zokugcina impilo yobuchopho bakho iyonke. Nakuba kungezona zonke izimo zobuchopho ezingavinjelwa, uvame ukulibazisa ukuqala kwazo noma ukunciphisa ubukhali bazo. Nazi ezinye izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuqapha ongazithatha ukuze uthuthukise impilo yobuchopho bakho nge-Nirogi Lanka:

• Gcina ukudla okulinganiselayo: Lokho okudlayo kuthinta ngqo uhlelo lwakho lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, futhi ubuchopho bakho buthembele ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi olunempilo ukuze luchume (isibonelo, isifo sohlangothi ngokuvamile sibangelwa izinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi ezithinta ubuchopho). Khumbula ukuthi ukungalingani kwamavithamini noma izakhamzimba ezithile kungathinta nokusebenza kwakho kokuqonda.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo futhi uhlale usebenza ngokomzimba: Ukuphatha isisindo sakho kanye nezinga lomsebenzi kusiza ukuvimbela noma ukubambezela izifo ezingamahlalakhona, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zenhliziyo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, ezingaphazamisa ukusebenza kobuchopho. Udokotela wakho oyinhloko angakuqondisa ekugcineni isisindo esinempilo. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo kuzuzisa ngqo ubuchopho bakho ngoba kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-neurotransmitter abalulekile.
• Sebenzisa izinto zokuzivikela: Ngenxa yokuthi i-temporal lobe yakho itholakala kuphi, isengozini enkulu yokushaywa yizinhlungu kanye nokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yemiphumela emibi noma ukunyakaza okuzumayo nokushaqekayo. Ukugqoka izigqoko zokuzivikela, amabhande esihlalo, kanye neminye imishini yokuphepha edingekayo kubalulekile ekuvikeleni i-temporal lobe yakho ekulimaleni.
• Lawula izimo ezingamahlalakhona: Izimo eziningi ezithinta ubuchopho zingaba zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ukwelapha lezi zimo kusenesikhathi kungamisa noma kulibazise ukuqhubeka kwazo. Izibonelo zezimo ezinjalo zifaka phakathi isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kanye nesifo sokuwa.

Ngakho-ke, iyiphi into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayithatha?

I-temporal lobe yakho iyingxenye ebalulekile yobuchopho bakho ekusiza ukuthi uchaze umhlaba, uxoxe, ucubungule imizwa, futhi ugcine izinkumbulo. Ukunakekela impilo yobuchopho bakho, ikakhulukazi i-temporal lobe yakho, kubalulekile. Ngokwenza kanjalo, wandisa amathuba akho okujabulela impilo yonke yokuxhumana okunenjongo, izinkumbulo ezicebile, kanye nokuqonda okucacile komhlaba. Nakekela kahle le ngxenye emangalisayo yobuchopho bakho, akunjalo?

Amagama angukhiye: Ubuchopho, i-lobe yesikhashana, inkumbulo, ulimi, imizwa, izinzwa, impilo yobuchopho