Uyazazi yini izingxenye ezinombala zeso lakho? Ake sixoxe nge-iris!

Wake wabheka amehlo akho esibukweni? Bese ubona ukuthi indilinga encane emnyama ephakathi kweso ibizwa ngokuthi "indandatho emnyama". Ingxenye enemibala ezungeze leyo ndandatho emnyama yi -iris esizokhuluma ngayo namuhla. Abanye abantu bayinombala onsundu, abanye bayinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, abanye bayinombala ompunga, abanye bayinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka... Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemibala. Ayinhle kakhulu? Ngakho-ke le ngxenye enemibala ayinhle nje kuphela, yenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu emehlweni ethu.

Kwenzekani ngempela engxenyeni enombala yeso, i-iris?

Kalula nje, i-iris yakho ingenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zeso lakho ezikusiza ukuthi ubone. Ngokukhethekile, inani lokukhanya elingena esweni lakho lilawulwa yimisipha ebucayi kule iris. Uyazi, imisipha ekule iris, ngokuphendula ukukhanya okusendaweni, inciphisa noma ikhulise indandatho emnyama phakathi kweso lakho, esiyibiza ngokuthi ``Umfundi''. Njengelensi yekhamera.

Cabanga ngalokhu. Uphuma ngosuku olunelanga. Kungazelelwe amehlo akho azizwa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, akunjalo? Ngaleso sikhathi, i-iris yakho ivulwa ngokushesha, okwenza i-iris ibe ncane. Bese inani lokukhanya okungena emehlweni akho liyancipha. Uma ubuyela endaweni enomthunzi, noma ngisho nangaphakathi, kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi indawo okuzungezile icace. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho. I-iris yandisa i-iris, isebenzisa ukukhanya okuphansi, ivumela ukukhanya okwengeziwe ukuthi kungene emehlweni akho. Lapho i-iris ikhula ngale ndlela, sithi `(iyakhula)`, futhi uma incipha, sithi `(iyafinyela)`. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuthi uqaphele, futhi kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo. Akumangalisi yini?

Ngakho-ke le iris isebenza njengesango elizenzakalelayo elilawula inani lokukhanya okungena esweni. Yingakho sikwazi ukubona ngokucacile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokukhanya.

Ikuphi le ngxenye enemibala, i-iris, etholakala ngaphakathi kweso?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi i-iris ikuphi ngempela ngaphakathi kweso. Cabanga ngeso lakho njengo-anyanisi. Njengoba nje u-anyanisi enezingqimba eziningana zesikhumba, amehlo ethu anezingqimba eziningana. I-iris itholakala ongqimbeni olungaphandle olucacile lweso , olungaphansi kwe-cornea , nangaphezu kwelensi ngaphakathi kweso. Ukuze kube sobala, le ngxenye enemibala itholakala eduze komfundi.

Ingxenye yeso enombala, i-"Iris" ibonakala kanjani? Yenziwe ngani?

Njengoba sonke sazi, i-iris yingxenye yamehlo ethu ewanika umbala wawo. Kuyinto eyisicaba, eyindilinga. Umbala wamehlo akho unqunywa inani le-pigment yemvelo ebizwa ngokuthi i-melanin ekhiqizwa umzimba wakho, kanye nezakhi zofuzo ezithile.Uthola lezi zakhi zofuzo kubazali bakho. Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi amalungu omndeni enombala wamehlo ofanayo, noma imibala ehlukene. Into emangalisayo ukuthi, umbala wamehlo akho ufana nomunwe wakho. Uhlukile kuwe, futhi akekho omunye emhlabeni onombala wamehlo ofanayo ncamashi.

Uyazi-ke ukuthi le iris yenziwe ngani? Yakhiwe yinhlanganisela yemisipha ethambile kanye nemizwa. Lokhu kulawula ubukhulu bomfundi ngaphandle kokuthi ucabange ngakho, okungukuthi, ngokusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo (parasympathetically).

Yiziphi izifo ezingathinta ingxenye enombala yeso (iris)?

Noma yisiphi isimo samehlo singathinta i-iris. Ake sibheke ezinye zezici eziyinhloko:

• I-Aniridia: Lokhu ukungabikho okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kwe-iris.
• I-Horner's syndrome: Lesi yisimo esibangelwa umphumela othile ohlelweni lwezinzwa , okungabangela ukuthi ulimi olumnyama kolunye uhlangothi lucindezelwe.
• I-Glaucoma: Lesi yisimo lapho ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweso ikhuphuka khona, okubangela umonakalo emsipheni we-optic. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-glaucoma zithinta ne-iris.
• Ubu-Albinism : Kulesi simo, umzimba ukhiqiza i-melanin encane, ngakho-ke umbala wamehlo ungaba lula kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ube pinki.
• Ama-cataract: Lokhu kuwukufiphala kwelensi yeso, kodwa kwezinye izimo ezimbi kakhulu, iris nayo ingathinteka.
• I-Uveitis : Lokhu ukuvuvukala kwe-uvea, ulwelwesi olungaphakathi kweso. I-iris nayo iyingxenye yale-uvea.
• I-Waardenburg syndrome: Lesi yisimo sofuzo esingabangela ushintsho lombala wamehlo (isb., amehlo amabili anombala ohlukile), umbala wesikhumba, kanye nokukhubazeka kokuzwa.

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha.

Kwenzekani uma ingxenye enombala yeso (iris) yonakele?

Noma yikuphi ukulimala kweso kungalimaza noma iyiphi ingxenye yeso. Ngokufanayo, iris nayo ingalimala engozini. Umphumela kwi-iris uncike ohlotsheni lwengozi. Ezinye ukulimala okuncane zingelashwa ngokuphumula nokunakekelwa ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, ezinye ukulimala okukhulu kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu esweni futhi kuholele nasekulahlekelweni umbono. Ngakho-ke, uma ulimele iso, ungachithi isikhathi futhi ubone udokotela wamehlo noma uye egumbini eliphuthumayo.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuhlola ingxenye enombala yeso (i-Iris)?

Uma uya kohlolwa amehlo njalo, udokotela wamehlo uzohlola ne-iris yakho. Bazosebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-slit lamp exam ukuze babheke eduze ingaphakathi leso lakho.

Uma udokotela wakho esola isimo esithile sezokwelapha noma efuna ukuphenya inkinga, kungadingeka ukuthi wenze ezinye izivivinyo. Isibonelo:

• Iskena se -MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
• I-CT scan (i-computed tomography scan)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Lezi zivivinyo zinganikeza izithombe ezicacile zezingxenye ezibucayi ngaphakathi kweso.

Ngakho-ke, singayinakekela kanjani kahle ingxenye enombala yeso (i-Iris)?

Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze ugcine i-iris yakho, kanye neso lakho lonke, liphilile:

• Gqoka izibuko zelanga ezinikeza isivikelo esingu-100% se-ultraviolet (UV) noma ezibhalwe ukuthi i-UV400 noma nini lapho uphuma elangeni. Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu umonakalo wamehlo.
• Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyinto encane njengokudinga ukushintsha izibuko zakho noma into engathi sína kakhulu, bona udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu.
• Uma ulahlekelwa umbono wakho ngokuzumayo noma uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu emehlweni, hamba esibhedlela ngokushesha. Lokhu kungaba yizimo eziphuthumayo.

Ingabe lezi ziskena ze-iris zingalimaza amehlo?

Kulezi zinsuku, izindlela zokuskena ubuso namehlo (izikena ze-Iris) ziya ngokuya zithandwa kakhulu ekuvuleni izinto ezifana namafoni namakhompyutha, noma izinhlelo zokuphepha. Lokho okwenziwa yizikena ukuqondisa inani elincane lokukhanya kwe-infrared ebusweni bakho nasemahlweni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungubani. Ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe kuze kube manje, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi lawa madivayisi ayingozi noma ayalimaza amehlo akho. Ngakho-ke akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.

Ngakho-ke, umyalezo wokugcina okufanele uwuthathe uye ekhaya:

Ingxenye enombala yeso lakho, i-iris, ifana neminwe yakho enemibala ehlukile. Kodwa yenza okungaphezu nje kokukunikeza amehlo amahle. Le iris idlala indima enkulu ekukusizeni ukuthi ubone kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi nakuzo zonke izindawo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amehlo akho ahlolwe njalo ngudokotela wamehlo ukuze ukwazi ukubona noma yiziphi izinguquko emehlweni akho ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho singabona khona leli zwe elihle ngokucacile. Uyaqonda?

Iso , iris, umbala wamehlo, i-cataract, umbono, impilo yamehlo, izifo zamehlo