Ngakho-ke luyini lolu hlelo lwe-endocrine?
Ngaphambi kokuba sikhulume ngezindlala ze-adrenal, udinga ukwazi okuncane ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-endocrine luyini. Kalula nje, luyiqoqo lezindlala emzimbeni wethu. Lezi zindlala zikhiqiza izithunywa zamakhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-hormone bese ziwakhipha ngqo egazini. Cabanga ngama-hormone njengezithunywa ezincane ezithwala imiyalezo emizimbeni yethu. Le miyalezo ihamba egazini ukuze itshele izingxenye ezahlukene zemizimba yethu, njengezitho zethu, isikhumba, nemisipha, ukuthi yini okufanele yenziwe nokuthi nini ukuyenza. Lawa ma-hormone ahlanganisa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yomzimba wethu. Izindlala eziyinhloko ohlelweni lwethu lwe-endocrine yilezi:- I-Hypothalamus
- Indlala ye-pituitary
- Indlala yegilo
- Izindlala ze -Parathyroid
- Izindlala ze-adrenal
- Indlala yephayini
- I-Pancreas
- Amaqanda (abesifazane)
- Amasende (abesilisa)
Ngakho-ke, kwenzekani ngempela kulezi zindlala ze-adrenal?
Izindlala ze-adrenal ziyizindlala ezimbili ezincane, ezimise okwesikwele. Zitholakala phezu kwezinso zethu. Zifana nezimbozo ezincane ezinso zethu. Zikhiqiza ama-hormone amaningana abalulekile emizimbeni yethu. Lawa ma-hormone alawula izinqubo eziningana ezibaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu. Isibonelo:- I-Metabolism: Lena yindlela esidala ngayo amandla ekudleni esikudlayo nendlela esikuphatha ngayo.
- Isivikelo somzimba : Uhlelo olusivikela ezifweni.
- Umfutho wegazi: OwethuUkulawula umfutho wegazi.
- Impendulo ekucindezelekeni: Ukulungiselela umzimba ukubhekana nokucindezeleka lapho sibhekene nakho, kungaba ngokwengqondo noma ngokomzimba.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwezici zobulili.
I-Cortisol - 'i-hormone yokucindezeleka' yomzimba wethu!
I-Cortisol iyi-hormone eyingxenye yeqembu lama-hormone abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-glucocorticoids.' Yenza umsebenzi omningi.- Ilawula indlela amafutha, amaprotheni, kanye nama-carbohydrate asetshenziswa ngayo emizimbeni yethu.
- Kunciphisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni.
- Ilawula umfutho wegazi.
- Kwandisa amazinga kashukela egazini.
- Kuphinde kusize ekulawuleni umjikelezo wethu wokulala nokuvuka.
I-Aldosterone - umngane olinganisela umfutho wegazi nosawoti!
I-Aldosterone iyi-hormone eyingxenye yeqembu lamaminerali abizwa ngokuthi i-mineralocorticoids. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukulawula umfutho wegazi kanye namazinga e-sodium ne-potassium (ama-electrolyte) egazini lethu. Le hormone isiza futhi ekulawuleni i-pH yegazi lethu (ukuthi i-acid noma i-alkaline kangakanani) ngokulawula amazinga e-electrolyte egazini.I-DHEA kanye ne-Androgenic Steroids - Usizo oluncane ngezici zobulili!
Lawa ma-hormone abhekwa njengama-hormone wesilisa abuthakathaka. Okusho ukuthi, awanayo imiphumela ebalulekile yebhayoloji. Aguqulwa abe ama-hormone wesifazane (ama-estrogen) ema-ovari abesifazane kanye nama-hormone wesilisa (ama-androgen) emasendeni amadoda. Ama-Androgen ngokuvamile abhekwa njengama-hormone wesilisa, kodwa amanani amancane nawo akhiqizwa ngokwemvelo ngumzimba wesifazane.I-Adrenaline/Epinephrine kanye ne-Noradrenaline/Norepinephrine - ama-hormone 'okulwa noma ukubaleka'!
Lawa ma-hormone amabili aziwa ngokuthi ama-hormone ahilelekile empendulweni " yokulwa noma yokubaleka". Abizwa nangokuthi ama-catecholamines. I-Adrenaline ne -noradrenaline zingenza okulandelayo:- Khulisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kanye namandla okufinyela kwenhliziyo yakho.
- Khulisa inani legazi eligeleza liye emisipheni yakho nasebuchosheni.
- Siza ngokuguqulwa kwe-glucose ibe amandla.
- Lokhu kusiza futhi ukulawula ukuminyana kwemithambo yegazi (i-vasoconstriction), okusiza ekugcineni umfutho wegazi uphezulu.
La ma-hormone angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezimbili, akunjalo?
Yebo, amahomoni akhiqizwa yizindlala ze-adrenal angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: 1. Ama-Catecholamines: Lawa yiqembu lezinto ezifanayo ezikhishwa egazini yimizimba yethu ngenxa yokucindezeleka ngokomzimba noma kwengqondo. Ama-catecholamines amakhulu yi-dopamine, i-adrenaline, kanye ne-noradrenaline. Ingxenye engaphakathi yendlala ye-adrenal, i-medulla , ikhiqiza futhi ikhiphe i-adrenaline kanye ne-noradrenaline. 2. Amahomoni e-steroid: Lawa asiza ukulawula i-metabolism, ukuvuvukala, ukusebenza kwesistimu yokuzivikela komzimba, ibhalansi kasawoti namanzi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezici zobulili, kanye nekhono lokumelana nezifo nokulimala. Ingxenye engaphandle yendlala ye-adrenal, i-cortex , ikhiqiza futhi ikhiphe amahomoni e-steroid abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-glucocorticoids', 'ama-mineralocorticoids', kanye nama-androgens e-adrenal.Ingabe izindlala ze-adrenal zisebenza zodwa? Azixhumene yini nezinye izitho zomzimba?
Cha, izindlala ze-adrenal azisebenzi zodwa. Ezinye izingxenye eziningana zomzimba wethu zisebenza kanye nazo. Eziyinhloko yilezi:- I-Hypothalamus: Lena yingxenye encane yobuchopho ehilelekile ekulawulweni kwama-hormone.
- Indlala ye-pituitary: Lena futhi yindlala encane esisekelweni sobuchopho, ebizwa nangokuthi "yindlala enkulu."
- Izinso.
- Isistimu yezinzwa enozwela.
Cabanga nje, lokhu kufana neminyango ehlukene enkampanini enkulu esebenza ndawonye. Eminye iminyango isebenza ngokomyalezo ovela komunye umnyango. Konke kwenzeka ngendlela ehlelekile kakhulu.
Ingabe umuntu angaphila ngaphandle kwezindlala ze-adrenal?
Izindlala ze-adrenal zikhiqiza ama-hormone abalulekile ukuze siphile. Ama-hormone ocansi kanye ne-cortisol yiwona abaluleke kakhulu kulawa. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, ezinye izimo zendlala ze-adrenal zingadinga ukuhlinzwa (i-adrenalectomy) ukuze kususwe zombili izindlala ze-adrenal. Kuleso simo, abantu kuzodingeka bathathe imithi yokufaka esikhundleni sama-hormone akhiqizwa yizindlala ze-adrenal impilo yabo yonke.Zikuphi izindlala ze-adrenal? Ziyini izingxenye zazo?
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, unama-adrenal gland amabili. Atholakala phezulu kwezinso zakho. Izinso zitholakala ngaphansi kwekheji lakho lezimbambo, kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomgogodla wakho. Uma ucabanga nge-adrenal gland, inezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko:I-Medulla - ingxenye yangaphakathi
Lena yingxenye yendlala ye-adrenal etholakala ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Yilapho kukhishwa khona amahomoni i-adrenaline (i-epinephrine) kanye ne -noradrenaline (i-norepinephrine) . Lawa mahomoni alawula izinto ezifana nomfutho wegazi lakho, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye nokujuluka. Lezi yizinqubo ezilawulwa futhi uhlelo lwezinzwa oluzwelayo.I-Cortex - ingxenye engaphandle
Lena yingxenye engaphandle yendlala ye-adrenal. Ikhipha ama-hormone athi `corticosteroid` kanye `mineralocorticoid`. Iphinde ivuselele ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone amancane e-steroid yobulili besilisa (`androgenic steroids`) kule cortex. Indlala ye-adrenal ivame ukuphakama cishe ngesigamu sesentimitha futhi ibe nobude obungamasentimitha amathathu. Inesimo esiyindilinga kuya kunxantathu.Yiziphi izifo nezinkinga ezivamile ezithinta izindlala ze-adrenal?
Kunezimo eziningana ezahlukene ezithinta izindlala ze-adrenal. Lezi zibangelwa ukuthi izindlala zakho ze-adrenal zikhiqiza i-hormone eyodwa noma ngaphezulu eningi kakhulu noma encane kakhulu . Ezinye izinkinga zezindlala ze-adrenal zingezesikhashana, kodwa ezinye zihlala isikhathi eside (okusho ukuthi zihlala impilo yonke).Yiziphi izizathu zalokhu?
Izinkinga ze-adrenal gland zingabangelwa yizinto ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zazo zifaka:- Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ( izinguquko kuzakhi zofuzo)
- Izifo ezizenzakalelayo (okusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba ahlasela izingxenye zawo)
- Izimila, njenge-pheochromocytomas.
- Ukulimala kwezindlala ze-adrenal ngenxa yengozi, ukutheleleka, noma ukopha.
- Inkinga nge-hypothalamus yakho noma i-pituitary gland (zombili ezisiza ekulawuleni izindlala ze-adrenal).
- Eminye imithi yama-steroid, njenge-prednisone ne-dexamethasone.
Ngakho-ke ziyini lezi zifo?
Nazi ezinye izimo ezingase zihlotshaniswe nezindlala ze-adrenal:- Isifo sika-Addison (esaziwa nangokuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-adrenal okuyinhloko):Lesi yisifo esingavamile sokuzivikela komzimba esibangela ukuthi izindlala ze-adrenal zikhiqize amazinga angaphansi kwavamile e-cortisol ne-aldosterone.
- I-Cushing's syndrome: Lesi simo senzeka lapho izindlala ze-adrenal zikhiqiza i-cortisol eningi kakhulu. Lokhu ngokuvamile kungabangelwa yi-tumor noma imithi ethile.
- I-Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Lesi yisimo esiba khona lapho umuntu ezalwa. Kwenzeka lapho umzimba untula i-enzyme edingwa yizindlala ze-adrenal ukuze kwenziwe ama-hormone.
- I-Hirsutism: Lesi simo sibonakala ngokukhula kwezinwele ngokweqile emzimbeni wabesifazane. Sibangelwa amazinga aphezulu e-androgens akhiqizwa yizindlala ze-adrenal.
- I-aldosteronism eyinhloko (i-Conn's syndrome): Lesi simo senzeka lapho izindlala ze-adrenal zikhiqiza i-aldosterone eningi kakhulu.
- Ukopha okukhulu kwe-bilateral adrenal (i-Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome): Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo lapho izindlala ze-adrenal zihluleka khona ngenxa yokopha zingene endlaleni. Ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nokutheleleka okukhulu okubizwa ngokuthi i-sepsis.
Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala zezinkinga ze-adrenal gland?
Izimpawu zezinkinga ze-adrenal gland ziyahlukahluka kuye ngama-hormone athintekile . Futhi, izimpawu eziningi zezinkinga ze-adrenal gland zingafana nezimpawu zezinye izifo. Ezinye zezimpawu ezingase zihlobane nezinqubo zomzimba ezilawulwa ama-hormone e-adrenal zifaka:- Izimpawu ze-metabolic: Ukwanda noma ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki, ukukhathala, amazinga kashukela aphezulu noma aphansi njalo, ubuthakathaka.
- Izimpawu ezihlobene nesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela: Ukugula noma ukutheleleka okuvamile.
- Izimpawu ezihlobene nomfutho wegazi: umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) noma umfutho wegazi ophansi (umfutho wegazi ophansi) .
- Izimpawu ezihlobene nezici zocansi (ezithinta amantombazane nabafana abangakakhuli): ukukhula kwezinwele zobuso kanye/noma impandla, induna, ukujula kwezwi, ukukhula kwemisipha.
Ngingahlola kanjani impilo yezindlala zami ze-adrenal?
Uma unezimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi ungaba nenkinga ngezindlala zakho ze-adrenal, udokotela wakho angenza izivivinyo eziningana zegazi nomchamo ezilinganisa amazinga ama-hormone ahlukahlukene e-adrenal. Uma leyo miphumela yokuhlolwa ibonisa amazinga angajwayelekile, udokotela wakho angenza izivivinyo ze-imaging , njenge-CT scans (computed tomography scans) noma i-MRIs (magnetic resonance imaging). Udokotela wakho ojwayelekile angakuthumela kudokotela we-endocrinologist.Ungathunyelwa futhi kuchwepheshe, udokotela ogxile ezifweni zama-hormone kanye nohlelo lwe-endocrine.Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela mayelana nezindlala zami ze-adrenal? (Okokugcina kodwa hhayi okuncane kakhulu!)
Kulungile, njengoba sesikhulumile ngakho, kufanele uqonde ukuthi izindlala ze-adrenal zibaluleke kangakanani emizimbeni yethu. Ngakho-ke, uma unezinye zezimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla , njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, umfutho wegazi ophansi, noma ukwehla noma ukukhuluphala kwesisindo okungachazeki, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela wakho . Nakuba kungase kube nezinye izimbangela zalezi zimpawu, kungaba yinkinga nezindlala zakho ze-adrenal.Khumbula, izindlala zakho ze-adrenal zikhiqiza ama-hormone amaningi abalulekile abalulekile ekusebenzeni komzimba wakho kwansuku zonke. Uma unezimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-adrenal gland, noma uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi unezici eziyingozi zesifo se-adrenal gland, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Balapha ukuzokusiza.Ngakho-ke, manje usuyazi okuningi ngalezi zindlala ezincane kodwa ezinamandla ze-adrenal, akunjalo? Hlala uphilile!
Izindlala ze-adrenal, ama-hormone, i-cortisol, i-adrenaline, uhlelo lwe-endocrine, ukucindezeleka, izinso
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