Uyini umlomo wesibeletho? Ake sithole ukuthi uyini ngempela!

Wake wazibuza ngale ngxenye encane kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wakho, umlomo wesibeletho? Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa leli gama, kungaba kudokotela noma lapho ekhuluma nge-Pap smear. Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi abanalo ulwazi oluningi ngalo. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini le mlomo wesibeletho, ukuthi iyini insizakalo enikezayo emizimbeni yethu, nokuthi singayigcina kanjani iphilile ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.

Uyini ngempela umlomo wesibeletho?

Kalula nje, umlomo wakho wesibeletho uyisitho esinemisipha, esifana nomhubhe. Sitholakala phansi kwesibeletho sakho. Sifana nentamo yesibeletho . Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi "intamo yesibeletho." Umlomo wesibeletho yilapho isibeletho sakho nesitho sangasese sowesifazane kuhlangana khona. Yingxenye yomzimba wakho evumela uketshezi ukuthi luhambe phakathi kwesibeletho nesitho sangasese sowesifazane, futhi yingxenye yomzimba wakho esiza ingane yakho ukuthi idlule esithweni sangasese sowesifazane (umsele wokuzalwa) lapho uthola umntwana. Kodwa-ke, umlomo wesibeletho yilapho izinguquko zamaseli ezingaholela kumdlavuza zivame kakhulu. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthola ama-Pap smears njalo. Ngale ndlela, udokotela wakho angathola noma yini engavamile noma uphawu lwesifo kusenesikhathi.

Ubani one-cervix?

Abesifazane bane-cervix. Futhi, abanye abantu abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile bangaba ne-cervix.

Uyini umsebenzi wangempela wesibeletho?

Umlomo wesibeletho sakho ufana nesango. Uvumela uketshezi ukuthi lungene futhi luphume esibelethweni sakho. Futhi ungumlindi wesango onamandla kakhulu. Ungavuleka futhi uvale ukuvumela izinto ezifana nokukhulelwa nokubeletha ukuthi zenzeke. Cabanga nje ngokuthi ubaluleke kangakanani umlomo wesibeletho sakho:

• Ukuya esikhathini : Igazi lokuya esikhathini eliphuma njalo ngenyanga njengengxenye yomjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini liqala esibelethweni bese liphuma ngomlomo wesibeletho liye esithweni sangasese sowesifazane.
• Ukukhulelwa : Ngesikhathi socansi, lapho umlingani wakho ekhipha isidoda, isidoda sisuka esithweni sangasese sowesifazane, sidlule emlonyeni wesibeletho, siye esibelethweni, bese sisuka lapho siye emapayipini e-fallopian , lapho sihlangana khona neqanda.
• Ukuzala: Ulwelwesi lwakho lomlomo wesibeletho luthinta indlela okulula ngayo ukukhulelwa. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kweqanda (lapho umzimba wakho ukhipha iqanda), umlomo wesibeletho wakho ukhipha ulwelwesi. Lokhu kuncane futhi akuna-asidi kangako kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthi isidoda siye esibelethweni. Ngenxa yalokho, isidoda sinethuba elingcono lokufinyelela iqanda futhi silivundise.
• Isitho sangasese sowesifazaneUkubeletha ngesitho sangasese sowesifazane: Umlomo wesibeletho sakho ulawula isikhathi esithathwa yingane yakho ukuba iphume esibelethweni sakho. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umlomo wesibeletho sakho ukhiqiza ipulaki ye-mucus evala umnyango wesibeletho sakho. Uma sekuyisikhathi sokuba ingane yakho ingene, le pulaki ye-mucus iyancibilika, yenze umlomo wesibeletho wakho ube mnene futhi ube mncane. Umlomo wesibeletho ube usuvuleka (uvuleka). Yilapho ingane yakho ingaphuma khona esibelethweni sakho . Udokotela wakho angalinganisa ukuthi ibanga elingakanani eduze komlomo wesibeletho sakho ngokulinganisa ukuthi ingane yakho ingakanani.
• Ukuvikela isibeletho: Umlomo wesibeletho uvimba nezinto ezifana nama-tampons noma ama-diaphragm owafaka esithweni sangasese sowesifazane ukuthi zingangeni esibelethweni.

Uphi umlomo wesibeletho?

Umlomo wesibeletho sakho uyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwakho lokuzala. Utholakala ngaphakathi kwe-pelvic cavity yakho, cishe amasentimitha angu-3 kuya kwangu-6 ngaphakathi kwe-vagina yakho. Uqala phansi kwesibeletho sakho futhi udlulele kuze kube ngenhla kwe-vagina yakho. Indawo lapho umlomo wesibeletho uphuma khona phezulu kwe-vagina yakho ibizwa ngokuthi i-ectocervix. I-vagina yakho, umlomo wesibeletho, kanye ne-vagina kutholakala ngemuva kwe-bladder yakho (isitho esikusiza ukuthi uchame) kanye ne-urethra, naphambi kwe-rectum yakho kanye ne-anus (izitho ezikusiza ukuthi ukhululeke).

Ubukeka kanjani umlomo wesibeletho? Ziyini izingxenye zawo?

Igama elithi "cervix" livela egameni lesiLatini elisho "intamo." Njengentamo, umlomo wesibeletho ufana nesilinda noma ithubhu. Uxhumanisa izingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile zomzimba. Njengoba nje intamo yakho ixhumanisa ikhanda lakho nomzimba wakho wonke, umlomo wesibeletho uxhumanisa isibeletho sakho nesitho sakho sangasese. Umlomo wesibeletho ubanzi kancane phakathi, kodwa uncipha uye ezinhlangothini. Ingxenye engenhla ivulekela esibelethweni, kanti ingxenye engezansi ivulekela esitho sangasese sangasese sangasese sangasese sangasese sangasese sangasese sangasese sangasese sangasese sangasese sangasese sangasese sangasese sangasese sangasese sangasese sangasese sakhiwe ngalezi zingxenye:

• I-Internal OS: Lena yindlela yokungena esibelethweni. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, odokotela bangase bakhulume ngale "Internal OS".
• Umsele we-Endocervical: Lena ingxenye efana nomhubhe eqala ku-"Internal OS" iye ku-"Ectocervix".
• I-Ectocervix: Lena yingxenye yomlomo wesibeletho ephumela engxenyeni engenhla yesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
• I-OS yangaphandle: Lena yindawo evulekela isitho sangasese sowesifazane.

Indawo lapho umsele we-endocervical kanye ne-ectocervix kuhlangana khona ibizwa ngokuthi i-Transformation Zone (TZ) . Le ndawo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-(TZ), yilapho kwenzeka khona izinguquko eziningi zamaseli emlonyeni wesibeletho. Kulapho futhi amaseli angajwayelekile avame ukukhula khona, njenge-cervical dysplasia noma umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Umlomo wesibeletho mkhulu kangakanani?

Umlomo wesibeletho uvame ukuba yi-intshi ubude. Kodwa-ke, ubukhulu bomlomo wesibeletho bungahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu. Umlomo wesibeletho uvame ukuba mkhulu kancane kwabesifazane abaye baba nezingane. Futhi, umlomo wesibeletho mkhulu kwabesifazane asebekhulile kunalabo asebedlule esikhathini sokuya esikhathini. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, umlomo wesibeletho ufinyezwa kakhulu ukuze umntwana adlule kalula esibelethweni aye esithweni sangasese sowesifazane.

Singakwazi yini ukuthinta umlomo wesibeletho?

Yebo, ungakwenza kuye ngesikhathi somjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini. Uma ufaka umunwe wakho omude kakhulu esithweni sakho sangasese sowesifazane, ngemva kwebanga elifushane uzozwa isithiyo esivimbela umunwe ukuthi ungaqhubeki. Leso yi-cervix. Ingase izwakale iqinile, noma ingase izwakale njengesiponji esithambile. Indawo kanye nokuthungwa komlomo wesibeletho kuzoshintsha kuye ngokuthi uyakhipha amaqanda noma cha. Ithambile kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuyithinta ngesikhathi sokukhipha amaqanda.

Kodwa khumbula, uma uzama ukuthinta umlomo wesibeletho sakho, qiniseka ukuthi ugeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho ethambile namanzi afudumele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinto ezifana namagciwane zingangena emlonyeni wesibeletho sakho bese zibangela ukutheleleka.

Umlomo wesibeletho wenziwe ngani?

Umlomo wesibeletho wakho wakhiwe ngezicubu eziqinile zemisipha. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaseli zilandela umlomo wesibeletho:

• Amaseli ezindlala: Lawa maseli atholakala emgudwini we-endocervical, engxenyeni engaphakathi yomlomo wesibeletho.
• Amaseli ayisikwele: Lawa maseli azungeze ingxenye engaphandle yomlomo wesibeletho, 'i-ectocervix', kanye nesitho sakho sangasese sowesifazane.

Izinguquko zamaseli zivame ukwenzeka endaweni lapho lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli ezahlukene zihlangana khona, ezibizwa ngokuthi ``(TZ)''. Udokotela wakho uzonaka kakhulu le ndawo lapho ehlola umdlavuza wesibeletho.

Yiziphi izifo ezivamile ezingavela ezihlobene nomlomo wesibeletho?

Izimo eziningi eziyingozi kakhulu ezithinta umlomo wesibeletho zihlotshaniswa ne -Human Papillomavirus (HPV) . I-HPV iyisifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STI). Ngezinye izikhathi ingaholela kumdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Nazi ezinye izimo ezingathinta umlomo wesibeletho:

• Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho: Ukukhula kwamaseli anomdlavuza emlonyeni wesibeletho. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu ukutheleleka nge-HPV .
• I-Cervical dysplasia: Lokhu ukukhula okungavamile kwamangqamuzana. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu ukutheleleka kwe-HPV. Ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi i-cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Nakuba i-cervical dysplasia ingaqhubeki njalo ibe umdlavuza wesibeletho, ngezinye izikhathi ingaqhubekela ekubeni umdlavuza wesibeletho.
• I-Cervicitis :Ukuvuvukala komlomo wesibeletho. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukutheleleka ngocansi, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, noma ukungezwani komzimba. Ukutheleleka okufana ne-chlamydia, i-gonorrhea, i-herpes, kanye ne -trichomoniasis kungabangela lokhu. Ukuvuvukala komlomo wesibeletho kungabangelwa nawukusabela kwamaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo .
• Ama-polyp e-cervical, ama-fibroids, kanye nama-cysts: Lawa ama-growth angenangozi noma ama-cysts agcwele uketshezi akheka emlonyeni wesibeletho. Ama-cysts aseNabothian uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-cyst ye-cervical.
• I-ectropion yomlomo wesibeletho: Lesi futhi yisimo esingenangozi. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi amangqamuzana ezindlala angaphakathi komlomo wesibeletho aqala ukuvela ngaphandle.
• Izinkinga zomlomo wesibeletho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa:
• Ukungasebenzi kahle komlomo wesibeletho: Lokhu kuyinkinga eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi umlomo wesibeletho uvuleka kusenesikhathi. Lokhu kungaholela ekuphuphumeni kwesisu kanye nokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lesi simo sasibizwa ngaphambilini ngokuthi "umlomo wesibeletho ongasebenzi kahle."
• I-Placenta previa: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-placenta, enikeza ukondla umbungu, imboza ingxenye noma ngokuphelele umlomo wesibeletho. Ekukhulelweni okunjalo, kuvame ukwenziwa ukuhlinzwa kokubeletha (ukuhlinzwa kokubeletha).
• Ukukhulelwa komlomo wesibeletho: Lokhu kuyinkinga engavamile kakhulu yokukhulelwa. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho iqanda lifakwa emgodini we-endocervical esikhundleni sodonga lwesibeletho.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zezimo zomlomo wesibeletho?

Izimo eziningi zomlomo wesibeletho azinazo izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Isibonelo, i-cervical dysplasia kanye nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ekuqaleni kungenzeka kungabi nazo izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukwenza i-Pap smears njalo ukuhlola ukukhula okungavamile kwamangqamuzana. Kodwa-ke, uma unezimpawu, zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukopha okungajwayelekile kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane: Izinto ezifana nokopha okukhulu kokuya esikhathini noma ukopha phakathi kokuya esikhathini.
• Ukuphuma koketshezi esithweni sangasese sowesifazane: Ukuphuma koketshezi okungase kube ngamanzi noma kube negazi , kungabi nephunga noma kube nephunga.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele , ungakhululekile, noma uzizwa ungaphilile kahle.
• Ubuhlungu lapho uchama.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi kunenkinga ngesibeletho sami?

Ungase ungazi. Esikhathini esiningi, udokotela wakho ngeke azi ukuthi unenkinga ngaphandle kokuthi athole into engavamile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-pelvic noma i-Pap smear. Ungalindi kuze kuvele izimpawu. Hlola njalo.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezivamile ezenziwayo ukuhlola impilo yomlomo wesibeletho?

Ukuhlolwa njalo kwe-pelvic kanye ne-Pap smears yizona zindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuhlola umlomo wesibeletho sakho. Udokotela wakho angase futhi acele ezinye izivivinyo kuye ngesimo sakho. Ezinye izivivinyo ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic: Udokotela uzohlola umlomo wesibeletho sakho ngamehlo nangesandla (ngeminwe yakhe) ukuze ahlole noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka.
• I-Pap smear: Udokotela uthatha isampula yamaseli avela emlonyeni wakho wesibeletho bese eyithumela elabhorethri ukuze ahlole umdlavuza noma amaseli angaphambi komdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV kusebenzisa inqubo efanayo. Kubheka izimpawu zegciwane le-HPV.
• I-Colposcopy: Udokotela usebenzisa i-microscope ekhethekile ekhanyisiwe ukubheka eduze izicubu ezisesibelethweni sakho. Uma kukhona okusolisayo, isampula yezicubu ingathathwa futhi ihlolwe elabhorethri.
• Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-pelvic: Udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwezithombe ukuze kuhlolwe kangcono umlomo wesibeletho sakho. Ama-ultrasound ayindlela evame kakhulu yokuthwebula izithombe esetshenziswa ukuthwebula umlomo wesibeletho sakho. Kodwa-ke, ukuthwebula izithombe ze-magnetic resonance (MRIs) kanye ne-computed tomography (CT) nakho kungasetshenziswa.
• I-Biopsy: Udokotela angathatha isampula yezicubu zomlomo wesibeletho ukuze ahlole izimpawu zomdlavuza. Inqubo yokususwa kwezicubu nge-electrosurgical excision (LEEP), i-conization/cone biopsy, kanye ne-endocervical curettage (ECC) ngezinye zezindlela ze-biopsy udokotela angazisebenzisa.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zezifo zomlomo wesibeletho?

I-Cervicitis ebangelwa amagciwane ivame ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic. Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-LEEP kanye ne-cone biopsy, okusetshenziselwa ukuhlola amangqamuzana angajwayelekile angaba izimpawu zomdlavuza, empeleni kuyindlela yokwelapha. Kususa izicubu eziqukethe amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kuye ngesimo sakho, udokotela wakho angasebenzisa i-cryotherapy, ukushisa, noma ugesi ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana angajwayelekile emlonyeni wakho wesibeletho. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesibeletho kungafaka ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa ngemithi okuqondisiwe, kanye ne-immunotherapy.

Amathiphu alula okuphila ukuze ugcine umlomo wakho wesibeletho uphilile

Umlomo wesibeletho sakho uyisitho esincane, kodwa unomthelela omkhulu empilweni yakho iyonke, kokubili ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangesikhathi sokubeletha. Ngokulandela lawa macebiso, ungagcina umlomo wesibeletho sakho uphilile.

• Thola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV: I-FDA ivumile imijovo emithathu evimbela izinhlobo ze-HPV ezibangela umdlavuza wesibeletho: i-Gardasil®, i-Gardasil 9®, kanye ne-Cervarix®. Ukuthola le mijovo kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza wesibeletho.
• Hlola njalo i-HPV nomdlavuza wesibeletho: Ngokweziqondiso ezijwayelekile, kufanele wenze ukuhlolwa kwakho kokuqala kwe-Pap lapho uneminyaka engu-21 bese kuba njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kweyamashumi amabili. Kufanele wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV njalo eminyakeni emihlanu phakathi kweminyaka engu-30 no-65. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi kufanele uhlolwe kangaki, kuye ngempilo yakho.
• Yenza ucansi oluphephile: Sebenzisa njalo amakhondomu noma amadamu amazinyo ngesikhathi socansi, ucansi lwendunu, noma ucansi lomlomo. Ungabelani ngamathoyizi ocansi, futhi unciphise inani labalingani bocansi onabo. Ukuthatha lezi zinyathelo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuthola izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs), njenge-HPV, okwandisa ingozi yakho yomdlavuza wesibeletho.
• Gwema imikhiqizo kagwayi: Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi uma ubhema noma usebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi utheleleke nge-HPV ube umdlavuza.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Umlomo wesibeletho sakho uyisitho esincane esinomthelela omkhulu empilweni yakho ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nempilo yakho yonke. Nakekela kahle umlomo wesibeletho sakho ngokuthola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV nokubona udokotela wakho njalo ukuze uhlolwe i-Pap. Esikhathini esiningi, umzimba wakho ngeke ubonise izimpawu noma izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi unokukhula okungavamile emlonyeni wesibeletho sakho. Ukuhlolwa njalo kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi athole noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka kusenesikhathi. Ngakho ungakhohlwa ukunakekela lokhu.