Ake sifunde ngomthambo we-subclavian ohlinzeka ngegazi engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba wakho.

Wake wazibuza ukuthi igazi elisetshenziswe phezulu lisuka engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba wethu, okungukuthi, ezingalweni, entanyeni, nasekhanda, okungukuthi, igazi eline-oxygen ephansi, libuyela kanjani enhliziyweni? Nokho, umthambo obaluleke kakhulu osiza ngalokho umthambo we-subclavian. Ingabe singakhuluma ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda?

Uyini umsebenzi womthambo we-subclavian?

Kalula nje, imithambo ye-Subclavian ifana nomthambo omkhulu osiza ukugeleza kwegazi engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba wethu. Isiza igazi lijikeleze kahle ezingalweni zakho, ekhanda, nasentanyeni. Igazi emzimbeni wethu lihamba ngenethiwekhi yemithambo. Imithambo ithwala igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo liye ezithweni nasezicutshini zethu. Bese kuthi, imithambo iqoqe igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo, eligcwele udoti bese ilibuyisela enhliziyweni. Ngemva kokufika enhliziyweni, igazi liya emaphashini ukuze liphinde lifakwe umoya-mpilo bese liqala uhambo olusha. Cabanga nje, leli gazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo kufanele lihambe ngemithambo eminingi emincane ukuze lifinyelele enhliziyweni. Njengemigwaqo edolobheni elincane. Nakuba le mithambo ixhumene futhi ihlukana ngezindlela ezahlukene, yonke ekugcineni iholela endaweni efanayo, okuyinhliziyo yethu. Njengemithambo eminingi, imithambo ye-subclavian igijima ngokuhambisana nemithambo yayo eqanjwe ngegama. Cabanga ngayo njengemigwaqo emibili emincane, eqondene neyodwa egijima eceleni. Umthambo we-subclavian uthwala igazi lisuke enhliziyweni, kanti umthambo we-subclavian oseduze uthwala igazi ulibuyisele enhliziyweni. Ngaphezu kokusiza ngokujikeleza kwegazi, imithambo ye-subclavian nayo idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwezinye izinqubo zezokwelapha.

• Ukufinyelela Emithonjeni Ephakathi: Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi basebenzisa umthambo wakho we-subclavian ukufaka okuthiwa 'umugqa ophakathi'. Empeleni lokhu kuyinto evame ukwenziwa kubantu abasezindlini zokunakekelwa okujulile (ama-ICU). Ama-catheter ayimishini emincane efana ne-tube. Lawa asetshenziselwa ukunikeza uketshezi nemithi emzimbeni. Nakuba lokhu kufinyelela emithanjeni ephakathi kubaluleke kakhulu ekwelashweni kwezokwelapha, ngezinye izikhathi izinkinga ezifana nokopha, ukutheleleka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile ( i-arrhythmia ) , ukuqhekeka kwegazi emithanjeni (i-venous thrombosis ) , kanye nokuwa kwamaphaphu ( i-pneumothorax ) kungenzeka.
• Izintambo ze-pacemaker : I-pacemaker elawula isigqi senhliziyo.Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi basebenzisa umthambo we-subclavian ukufaka izintambo zedivayisi. Njengomugqa ophakathi, lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga.

Zitholakalaphi lezi mithambo ye-subclavian?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi le mithambo ye-subclavian ikuphi ngempela emzimbeni wethu. Yomibili imithambo ye-subclavian yakho yesokudla nesobunxele itholakala ngaphansi kwethambo lakho le-collarbone (Clavicle). Ukuze kube sobala, lo mthambo uqala eduze kwehlombe, phezulu kwesifuba, lapho kuqala khona ikheji lezimbambo. Bese ugoba phezulu njenge-arch, bese wehla futhi uye enhliziyweni. Cabanga ngo-'m' odwetshwe esifubeni sakho, futhi lapho lowo 'm' wehla khona usuka phakathi, ucishe ushaye phezulu kwenhliziyo. Lezo zindawo ezimbili eziphezulu zalowo 'm' yimithambo ye-subclavian.

Imithambo ye-subclavian ithola igazi kuphi?

Le mithambo ye-subclavian ithola igazi elivela emithanjeni ye-axillary . Le mithambo ye-axillary yimithambo emincane esezingalweni zakho evela eziqongweni zeminwe yakho. Uyakhumbula ukuthi 'm' esikhulume ngaye ngaphambili? Le mithambo ye-axillary ibukeka njengemigqa emibili ekhuphuka isuka kolunye uhlangothi lwe-'m'. Okusho ukuthi, iletha igazi eziqongweni ezimbili ezibizwa ngokuthi imithambo ye-subclavian. Bese, igazi elivela emithanjeni ye-subclavian liya emithanjeni ye-brachiocephalic yesokudla nesobunxele. Lawa amajika amabili phakathi kwalowo 'm'. Ekugcineni, phansi kwe-'m', le mithambo emibili ye-brachiocephalic ihlangana ukuze yakhe umthambo omkhulu obizwa ngokuthi i-Superior Vena Cava . Lowo mthambo omkhulu yilapho igazi liya khona ngqo enhliziyweni. Uyaqonda ukuthi lelo gazi liya kuphi?

Yenziwe ngani imithambo ye-subclavian?

Njengeminye imithambo yethu, imithambo ye-subclavian yakhiwe ngezingqimba ezintathu zezicubu kanye nemicu:

• I-Tunica Adventitia: Lolu ungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu. Yilolu ungqimba olunikeza umthambo isakhiwo sawo, ukuma kwawo, kanye namandla awo.
• I-Tunica Media: Lolu ungqimba oluphakathi. Luqukethe amangqamuzana emisipha abushelelezi. Lawa maseli yiwo avumela umthambo ukuba wande futhi unciphe njengoba igazi ligeleza kuwo.
• I-Tunica Intima: Lena ungqimba olungaphakathi kakhulu. Ine-layer eyenziwe ngamaseli e-endothelial abushelelezi. Lokhu kuvumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze kalula ngemithambo ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa.

Yiziphi izimo ezithinta umthambo we-subclavian?

Kunezifo ezithile ezingathinta imithambo ye-subclavian. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.

• Amahlule egazi emithanjeni ejulile (I-Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT): Cabanga ukuthi kwenzekani uma kwakheka ihlule legazi emthanjeni wakho we-subclavian bese libhajwa. Yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-DVT . Ngokuvamile, le DVT yenzeka emilenzeni. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ihlule legazi lingabhajwa nasemithanjeni emzimbeni ongaphezulu, isibonelo, emthanjeni we-subclavian. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi njengenkinga ye-catheter ephakathi yemithambo eshiwo ngenhla. I-DVT iyisimo esiyingozi kakhulu. Ngoba uma leli hlule legazi liphuka futhi livimba umthambo emaphashini, lingabangela isimo esibulalayo esibizwa ngokuthi i-pulmonary embolism . Izimpawu ze-DVT zingafaka phakathi ukuvuvukala engalweni, ukungakhululeki, noma umuzwa wokusinda engalweni.
• I-Axillary-Subclavian Vein Thrombosis: Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-Paget-Schroetter Syndrome , noma i-'Effort Thrombosis' . Lolu uhlobo olungavamile lwe-DVT. Ngokuvamile luvela kubantu abasebasha abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-15 no-45. Lesi simo singavela kubantu abadlala imidlalo noma abaphakamisa izinto ezisindayo emsebenzini. Le nkinga ivame ukuqala ngokunyakaza okufana nokuphakamisa ingalo ngaphezu kwekhanda njalo. Izimpawu zingafaka ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, kanye nokushintsha kombala wengalo okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, sicela ushayele u-1990 ngokushesha noma uye esibhedlela esiseduze. Lezi yizimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha ezidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ngingayigcina kanjani imithambo yami iphilile?

Kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze ugcine hhayi kuphela umthambo wakho we-subclavian, kodwa yonke eminye imithambo emzimbeni wakho, iphilile futhi isebenza kahle.

• Hamba ngezinyawo: Zama ukuhamba okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, okungenani izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto.
• Hlala umatasa usuku lonke: Esikhundleni sokuhlala endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside kakhulu, hambahamba kancane. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni ukujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wonke.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo: Lokhu kungasiza ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi lakho, amazinga e-cholesterol kanye nesisindo.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi.
• Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu zenkinga yemithambo yegazi, ungazinaki. Bonana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha. Ukuhlonza izinkinga kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuthi zingabi zimbi kakhulu.

Ungakhohlwa, umthambo wakho we-subclavian uyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwakho lwemithambo yegazi. Usiza ekubuyiseleni igazi elivela emzimbeni wakho ongaphezulu enhliziyweni yakho. Uma uke waba nezinkinga zemithambo yegazi ngaphambili, njengokuqhekeka kwegazi, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Angakutshela ngezindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga zakho zesikhathi esizayo.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, nansi ezinye izinto okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho namuhla:

• Umthambo we-subclavian umthambo wegazi obalulekile oseduze kwehlombe lakho, ngaphansi nje kwethambo lakho lentamo. Uthwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo lisuka emzimbeni ongaphezulu (izingalo, intamo, nekhanda) ulibuyisele enhliziyweni.
• Lo mthambo usetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha, isibonelo, ukufaka umugqa ophakathi noma izintambo ze-pacemaker.
• Izinkinga ezinjengamahlule egazi emithanjeni ye-subclavian (i-DVT, i-Axillary-Subclavian Vein Thrombosis) zingavela. Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nokuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, noma ukuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engalweni yakho , kufanele ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
• Ungagcina imithambo yakho iphilile ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukuhamba kahle, ukudla ukudla okunempilo, ukuphuza amanzi amaningi).
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela ngaphandle kokuziba noma yiziphi izimpawu ezincane.