Ingabe nawe unenkinga yokubona ebusuku? Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-Night Vision!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukubona izinto ngokucacile uma uhamba emgwaqweni ebusuku, noma uma kumnyama endlini yakho? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa unzima kancane ehholo lamabhayisikobho, endaweni enokukhanya okuncane? Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi "lo mbono wasebusuku" noma (njengoba ubizwa ngesiNgisi) uyini, ukuthi amehlo ethu avumelana kanjani nawo, nokuthi kungani abanye abantu benombono ophansi wasebusuku. Njengoba lokhu kuyinkinga abantu abaningi abanayo, masiqaphele lokhu.

Kusho ukuthini ukubona ebusuku? Ingabe lokho (umbono we-Scotopic)?

Kalula nje, ukubona ebusuku kuyikhono lokubona izinto ekukhanyeni okuphansi, noma ebumnyameni. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-Scotopic Vision . Lokhu kuphambene kakhulu nokubona izinto emini, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zokukhanya. Sikubiza ngokuthi i-Photopic Vision .

Cabanga nje, amehlo ethu nobuchopho bethu kusebenza ndawonye ukwenza lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ukubona. Kufana nokusebenza ngokubambisana. Emini, ekukhanyeni okwenziwe, nasebumnyameni, laba ababili basebenza ndawonye ukuguqula izimpawu zikagesi zibe izithombe futhi basibonise zona. Akumangalisi yini?

Amehlo ethu asisiza kanjani ukubona ebumnyameni?

Amehlo ethu ayizitho eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ahlakaniphe kakhulu. Ake sibone ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi kweso ebusuku.

Ukukhanya kungena esweni nge -cornea, okuyi-membrane ephambi kweso. Lokhu kufana nelensi. Bese lokhu kukhanya kudlula emgodini omncane omnyama phakathi kweso. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umfundi , noma ngesiSinhala, ' iso elimnyama '. Ingxenye enemibala ezungeze lo mfundi ibizwa ngokuthi i-iris , noma 'iris yeso'. Le iris isebenza njengomsipha. Uma kunokukhanya okwengeziwe, umfundi uyancipha, futhi uma kunokukhanya okuncane, okungukuthi, ebumnyameni, umfundi uyakhula. Kusebenza njengelensi yekhamera.

Okulandelayo kuza ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu, ikakhulukazi ku -retina , kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli azwela ukukhanya. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-photoreceptor . Yilawa:

• Amaseli enduku
• Amaseli ekhoni (Amakhoni)

Lawa maseli yiwo abamba izinhlayiya zokukhanya, noma ama-photon , angena esweni, aziguqule abe amasignali kagesi, bese ezithumela ebuchosheni. Amehlo ethu ngokuvamile anamaseli e-cone angaba yizigidi eziyisithupha kanye namaseli e-rod angaba yizigidi ezingu-120! Lelo inani elimangalisayo, akunjalo?

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinduku namakhoni?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone umehluko phakathi kwala maseli amabili.

• Ama-cone: Yilokhu okusisiza sibone umbala. Lawa maseli e-cone asebenza kahle kakhulu emini nasekukhanyeni okuhle. Atholakala kakhulu ku-retina (Ephakathi kwe -retina , endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-macula .
• Izinduku: Zingamaqhawe endabeni yethu namuhla! La maseli ezinduku yiwo asisiza sibone izinto ekukhanyeni okuphansi, okungukuthi, ebumnyameni. Atholakala kakhulu emaphethelweni angaphandle e-retina . Yingakho sithola umbono ongaphandle . Kodwa kukhona into encane, la maseli ezinduku awakwazi ukuhlukanisa imibala. Yingakho ebusuku sibona kuphela omnyama, omhlophe nompunga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, la maseli enduku azwela ukukhanya izikhathi ezingaba ngu-500 kuya ku-1000 kunamaseli ekhoni! Lokho kusho ukuthi angakwazi ukudonsa ngisho nokukhanya okuncane kakhulu.

Kungani abantu bengaboni kahle ebusuku njengezilwane?

Cishe uke wabona ukuthi izilwane ezifana namakati nezinja zibona kahle kangakanani ebusuku. Kungani thina singakwazi? Kunezizathu eziningana zalokho.

• Ezinye izilwane zinamehlo amakhulu kunabantu.
• Futhi, i-pupil yabo, noma iso elimnyama, lingavuleka kakhulu kunabantu, okuvumela ukukhanya okwengeziwe kungene esweni.
• Enye into ekhethekile ukuthi ezinye izilwane zine-membrane ebizwa ngokuthi i-Tapetum Lucidum ngaphakathi kwamehlo azo. Lokhu kubonakalisa ukukhanya okungena esweni kubuyele ku -retina . Kufana nesibuko. Yingakho bengasebenzisa ukukhanya kabili. Abantu abanayo le Tapetum Lucidum .

Umbono wethu ushintsha kanjani ebusuku?

Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, izinduku yizo ezisebenza kakhulu ebusuku. Ngenxa yokuthi azikwazi ukubona umbala, asikwazi ukubona umbala ebusuku. Sibona kuphela omnyama, omhlophe, nompunga. Njengefilimu endala emnyama nomhlophe.

Kuthiwa umuntu onombono ongu-20/20 emini angabona cishe amakhilomitha amathathu ukusuka lapha, yize ukugoba koMhlaba kunciphisa ikhono lethu lokubona ngale kwalokho. Kodwa-ke, singabona izinto ezifana nezakhiwo nezinkanyezi ezikude kakhulu kunalokho.

Kuyini Ubumpumputhe Basebusuku?

Abanye abantu ababoni kahle ebusuku. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nasebumnyameni, okuyinto evamile kwabanye, abakwazi ukubona izinto ngokucacile. Isibonelo, banenkinga yokubona ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuncane njengezindawo zokudlela noma amabhayisikobho. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Night Blindness , noma ngokwezokwelapha , i-Nyctalopia .

Into ebalulekile ukuthi i-Nyctalopia ayisona isifo esisodwa. Ingaba uphawu lwesinye isifo samehlo esiyisisekelo.

Lokhu kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa neqiniso lokuthi uma usuka endaweni ekhanyayo kahle uya endaweni emnyama, amehlo akho awakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha. Abantu abangaboni kahle, okungukuthi, labo abane -myopia, bangase babe nobunzima bokubona ebusuku ngezinye izikhathi. Lokhu kungenxa ye-retinaKungase kungabi ngenxa yesifo se-retina, kodwa kuyinkinga ngendlela ukukhanya okugxile ngayo ngaphakathi kweso.

Yiziphi izizathu eziyinhloko zokuncipha kokubona ebusuku?

Kunezimbangela eziningana ezingaba khona zokuncipha kokubona ebusuku, noma i-nyctalopia . Ake sibheke ezimbalwa zazo.

I-Glaucoma kanye nokwelashwa kwayo

I-Glaucoma iyiqembu lezifo zamehlo ezilimaza i- optic nerve, okuyi -nerve ethwala izimpawu ezivela ku -retina iye ebuchosheni. I-Glaucoma ingabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono ebusuku. Futhi, eminye imithi ye-glaucoma, njenge -pilocarpine, ivimba umfundi . Lokhu kungabangela nokulahlekelwa umbono ebusuku.

Ama-cataract

Ama-cataract yisimo lapho ilensi ecacile ngaphakathi kweso iba namafu futhi ibe namafu. Lokhu kuvimbela ukukhanya ekugxiliseni kahle. Lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi njengoba sikhula. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kuka-50% abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-80 banama-cataract noma bake baba nawo. Ukwelashwa okuvamile kwama-cataracts ukuwasusa ngokuhlinzwa. Lapho kuvela ama-cataract, umbono ebusuku uyancipha kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho ushayela. Angabonakala sengathi izibani zihlakazekile.

I-Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP)

I-Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) iyiqembu lezifo zamehlo ezizuzwe njengefa. Ithinta ngqo i-retina . Esinye sezimpawu zokuqala ze -RP ukuncipha kokubona ebusuku. Lokhu kuvame ukuthinta womabili amehlo. Abantu abaningi abane -RP banombono ophansi, kanti abanye bangase babe yizimpumputhe.

Ukuntuleka kweVithamini A

I-Vitamin A ibalulekile emehlweni ethu, ikakhulukazi ekuboneni ebusuku. I-Vitamin A iyadingeka ukuze kwenziwe ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-rhodopsin, esisiza sibone ebusuku. Ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin A kungaholela ekuboneni kabi ebusuku. Abantu abangadli ukudla okunempilo noma abaye bahlinzwa okuthile (njengokuhlinzwa kwe-intestinal bypass) bangaba nokuntuleka kwe-vitamin A. Akugcini nje ngokuthinta amehlo, kodwa kungathinta nesikhumba, inhliziyo, amaphaphu kanye nesistimu yomzimba yokuzivikela.

Isifo Sikashukela (i-Diabetes Mellitus)

Isifo sikashukela i-Mellitus yisimo lapho izinga likashukela egazini, noma i-glucose, likhuphuka khona. Isifo sikashukela singabangela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zamehlo. Ukubona okufiphele kanye nokuncipha kokubona ebusuku kungenye yazo. Ngakho-ke, uma unesifo sikashukela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula izinga likashukela egazini lakho. Futhi, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wamehlo njalo futhi uhlolwe amehlo akho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isifo sikashukela sandisa ingozi yokuthola izimo ezifana ne-glaucoma kanye ne-cataracts.

Ukuguga kwe-Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

LokhuUkuguga kwe-Macular Degeneration (ARMD) nakho kuyisifo samehlo esingazuzwa njengefa. Sithinta kakhulu umbono ophakathi . Umbono ongaphandle kwe-peripheral ngokuvamile awuthinteki. Sivame kakhulu ukwenzeka kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50. Singathinta iso elilodwa noma womabili.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu: okomile nokumanzi.

• I-ARMD Eyomile: Kulokhu, ama-deposit aphuzi abizwa ngokuthi i-drusen akheka endaweni yeso ebizwa ngokuthi i-macula . I- macula ibe isincipha bese yoma.
• I-ARMD Emanzi: Kulokhu, imithambo yegazi engavamile yakheka ngaphansi kwe -macula bese kuvuza uketshezi. I -macula bese ivuvukala.

Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, umbono wasebusuku ungathinteka.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuthola imbangela yokubona ebusuku?

Uma utshela udokotela ukuthi ubona kabi ebusuku, into yokuqala azokwenza ukuhlola amehlo akho ngokucophelela. Uzobuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nezinye izimpawu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangenza ezinye izivivinyo ezimbalwa.

• I-Electroretinography: Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka indlela i-retina yakho esabela ngayo ekukhanyeni.
• Ishadi lokuzwela umehluko likaPelli-Robson: Leli lifana neshadi esilisebenzisa ukufunda izinhlamvu lapho siya kudokotela. Kodwa-ke, leli liqala ngomnyama bese kancane kancane liba mpunga. Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi ungahlukanisa kahle kangakanani imibala ehlukene yempunga.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ungase futhi uhlolwe igazi ukuze uhlole amazinga akho e-vitamin A kanye ne-glucose .

Lezi zivivinyo ziyindlela kuphela yokuthola imbangela eqondile.

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ube nombono oqondile emini kodwa ungaboni ebusuku?

Yebo, kungenzeka ngokuphelele. Ngisho noma unombono ophelele wasemini (umbono ongu-20/20), ungase ube nobunzima bokubona ebusuku noma ekukhanyeni okuphansi.

Umbono wakho wasebusuku ungase wehle kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, uma ubhekana nalokhu, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nethimba lakho lezempilo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma unezinye izimo zezokwelapha, njengesifo sikashukela.

Yini okufanele uyikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sikhulume kakhulu ngokubona ebusuku namuhla. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule:

• Ukubona ebusuku, okungukuthi, umbono wasebusuku, kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yethu yansuku zonke.
• Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko noma ukulahlekelwa umbono wakho wasebusuku, ungakushayi indiva. Qiniseka ukuthi ucela iseluleko sezokwelapha.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo akho njalo ngezikhathi ezithile.Ikakhulukazi uma unezimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, i-glaucoma, noma uma othile emndenini wakho enalezi zinhlobo zezifo zamehlo.
• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca kungasiza ekulondolozeni impilo yamehlo.

Ungakhohlwa, amehlo ethu ayimpahla eyigugu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kungumthwalo wethu ukuwanakekela kahle. Uma unezinkinga, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela.

Umbono wasebusuku , ukubona, umbono wasebusuku, ubumpumputhe basebusuku, impilo yamehlo, i-retina, i-glaucoma