Umzimba wakho uwenza kanjani amaseli abomvu egazi? Ake sixoxe nge-(Erythropoiesis)!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi la maseli abomvu egazi, noma amaseli abomvu egazi , akhiqizwa kanjani ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu? Lena inqubo emangalisayo, eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ebalulekile empilweni yethu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngendlela la maseli abomvu egazi akhiqizwa ngayo, kwezokwelapha sikubiza lokhu ( i-Erythropoiesis). Lokhu kufana nefektri encane emzimbeni wethu, ehlala ikhiqiza amaseli amasha egazi abomvu.

Kuyini i-Erythropoiesis? Kungani ibalulekile kithi?

Kalula nje, (i-Erythropoiesis) inqubo umzimba wakho odala ngayo amangqamuzana abomvu egazi (kwezokwelapha, siphinde sikubize ngokuthi "ama-Erythrocyte"). Le nqubo yiyona eyenza imizimba yethu ibe nenani elifanele lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi - hhayi ambalwa kakhulu, hhayi amaningi kakhulu. Cabanga nje ukuthi lawa mangqamuzana abomvu egazi abaluleke kangakanani emizimbeni yethu!

Kunjalo:

• Uma siphefumula, umoya-mpilo ungena emaphashini bese uyiswa kuzo zonke ezinye izicubu namaseli emzimbeni. Kufana nabasebenzi beposi abancane emizimbeni yethu.
• Futhi, i-carbon dioxide ekhiqizwa ezicutshini zomzimba wethu ibuyiselwa emaphashini, lapho ikhishwa khona lapho sikhipha umoya.

Ngakho-ke uyabona, asinakuphila ngaphandle kwala maseli abomvu egazi. Siphilile ngoba inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-erythropoiesis yenzeka kahle.

I-Erythropoiesis empeleni iyingxenye yenqubo enkulu. Yonke inqubo yokwenza zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli egazi emzimbeni wethu ibizwa ngokuthi "i- Hematopoiesis ".

• Inqubo yokwenza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ibizwa ngokuthi ``i-Erythropoiesis'' (leyo esikhuluma ngayo manje).
• Inqubo yokwenza amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ibizwa ngokuthi ``Leukopoiesis``.
• Ukukhiqizwa kwama -platelet (amangqamuzana asiza ukujiya kwegazi) kubizwa ngokuthi ``Thrombopoiesis''.

Lokhu (i-Erythropoiesis) kwenzeka kuphi?

Indawo lapho la maseli abomvu enziwa khona iyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Uma umntwana esesibelethweni (i-Fetal erythropoiesis)

I-erythropoiesis iqala ngaphambi kokuba sizalwe, okungukuthi, sisesesibelethweni sikamama.

• Cishe emavikini amathathu: Lokhu kuqala esakhiweni esibizwa ngokuthi "i- Yolk Sac" esondla umbungu.
• Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu: Ngemva kwalokho, kukhiqizwa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu esibindini nasesinqeni sombungu.
• Cishe izinyanga ezinhlanu: Le nqubo iqala emnkantsheni wethambo lombungu. Umnkantshe uyingxenye ethambile, ethambile emathanjeni ethu.

Izingane kanye nabantu abadala (i-Erythropoiesis)

Ngemva kokuzalwa kwethu, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi akhiqizwa kakhulu emzimbeni wethu.Emnkantsheni wethambo .

• Izingane: Ngesikhathi sobuntwana, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wamathambo amaningi emzimbeni.
• Abantu abadala: Njengoba sikhula, lokhu kusebenza kuphela emathanjeni athile. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezifana ne-pelvis, i-vertebrae, izimbambo, kanye ne-breastbone.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Medullary ne-Extramedullary erythropoiesis?

Nakuba la magama amabili engase abonakale eyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kulula ukuwaqonda.

• `(Medullary)` kusho okuthile okuhlobene nomnkantsha. Ngakho-ke, `(Medullary erythropoiesis)` kusho ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu ngaphakathi komnkantsha. Lesi yisimo esijwayelekile.
• I-extramedullary erythropoiesis ibhekisela ekwakhekeni kwamaseli abomvu egazi ngaphandle komnkantsha, njengasesibindini nasesinqeni.

Esigabeni somntwana osanda kuzalwa, lokhu (i-extramedullary erythropoiesis) kuyinto evamile. Kodwa uma kwenzeka kumuntu omdala, kungaba uphawu lwesifo esithile noma inkinga emnkantsheni wamathambo. Bese odokotela behlola lokho.

Yiziphi izigaba zokwakheka kwamaseli abomvu egazi?

Iseli elibomvu legazi alikhi konke ngesikhathi esisodwa, liwuhambo oludlula ezigabeni eziningana. Kufana nesibungu esiphenduka uvemvane.

Wonke la maseli egazi aqala eseli elilodwa eliyisisekelo. Silibiza ngokuthi ``iseli le-Hematopoietic stem'' (HSC) . Lokhu kufana ``neseli eliyinhloko.'' Leli seli le-HSC lingaba yinoma yiliphi lala maseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, noma ama-platelet.

Uma kuzokhiqizwa iseli elibomvu legazi, leli seli le-HSC liqala libe iseli elibizwa ngokuthi ``Common myeloid progenitor'' (CMP) . Leli seli le-CMP lingabuye libe iseli elibomvu legazi, i-platelet, noma ezinye izinhlobo zamaseli amhlophe egazi. Okulandelayo, iseli le-CMP elizoba iseli elibomvu legazi likhula libe ``iseli le-Megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor'' (MEP) .

Uma seliba yi-MEP, lelo seli lisendleleni eya ekubeni yiseli elibomvu legazi. Libe selidlula ezigabeni eziningana ezengeziwe:

• `(I-Proerythroblast)` (I-Proerythroblast)
• `(I-Erythroblast)` (I-Erythroblast)
• `(Normoblast)` (Normoblast)
• `(I-Reticulocyte)` (I-Reticulocyte) - Leli yiseli elibomvu legazi elincane.
• Ekugcineni, iba yi- "Erythrocyte" evuthiwe ngokugcwele, okungukuthi, iseli legazi elibomvu njengoba silazi.

Lawa maseli abomvu egazi akhiwe ngokugcwele akhishwa egazini esuka emnkantsheni. Yilapho-ke aqala khona umsebenzi wawo obaluleke kakhulu - ukuthwala umoya-mpilo nokususa i-carbon dioxide.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani le nqubo?

Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe isonto lonke ukuthi iseli elilodwa legazi elibomvu lakheke ngokugcwele.

Iyini isikhathi sokuphila seseli elibomvu legazi?

Iseli elilodwa elibomvu legazi lihlala emizimbeni yethu cishe izinsuku ezingu-120 .Lokho kusho ukuthi. Khona-ke lawo maseli ayafa, bese kwakheka amaseli amasha esikhundleni sawo. Lona umjikelezo ohlala ukhona.

Yini elawula lokhu (i-Erythropoiesis)?

Imizimba yethu ilawula le nqubo (i-Erythropoiesis) ngendlela emangalisayo kakhulu. Into eyinhloko izinga lomoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu.

Cabanga nje, uma izicubu zakho zingatholi umoya-mpilo owanele (siwubiza ngokuthi "i-Hypoxia"), umzimba wakho uzosheshisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ngoba lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi enyuka, inani lomoya-mpilo oya ezicutshini nalo liyakhula.

Le nqubo (i-Erythropoiesis) ivuselelwa, okungukuthi, ivuselelwa, yi-hormone ekhethekile. Ibizwa ngokuthi `(Erythropoietin)` (EPO ).

Kuyini lokhu (i-Erythropoietin - EPO)?

I-Erythropoietin (EPO) iyi -hormone ekhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ama-hormone afana nezithunywa zamakhemikhali ezihlanganisa imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene emzimbeni wethu. Iningi le-EPO elidingwa yimizimba yethu lenziwa yizinso zethu.

Nakhu ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani:

1. Ngenxa yokuthi inani lamaseli akho abomvu egazi liphansi, izicubu zomzimba wakho azitholi umoya-mpilo owanele.

2. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinso zakho zikhipha i-hormone i-EPO eningi.

3. Le hormone ye-EPO ivuselela umongo wakho wamathambo ukuze wakhe amaseli egazi abomvu engeziwe.

4. Njengoba inani lamaseli abomvu egazi landa, inani le-``(i-Hemoglobin)`` (iphrotheni ethwala umoya-mpilo) kuwo nalo liyakhula. Lapho izinso zizwa lokhu, zinciphisa ukukhishwa kwazo kwe-EPO.

5. Ngale ndlela, inani lamaseli abomvu egazi emzimbeni wethu ligcinwa ezingeni elithile. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ibhalansi ``(Homeostasis)`` (homeostasis).

Izinso zethu zihlala zikhipha inani elincane le-EPO ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ngenxa yokuthi cishe u-1% wamangqamuzana ethu abomvu egazi ayafa nsuku zonke, (i-Erythropoiesis) yiyona evala lokho kuntuleka.

Uma izinga lamaseli abomvu egazi lishintsha ngenxa yokugula noma ingozi, izinso zizokwandisa noma zinciphise ukukhiqizwa kwe-EPO ngokufanele.

Kwenzekani uma kunenkinga nge-erythropoiesis?

Uma kunenkinga noma iphutha enkambisweni yokwenza amaseli abomvu egazi, ungase ube namaseli abomvu egazi ambalwa noma amaningi .

• Inani eliphansi lamaseli abomvu egazi: Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-anemia . Lokhu kusho ukuthi izicubu zomzimba wakho azitholi umoya-mpilo owanele. Lokhu kungakwenza uzizwe ubuthakathaka, ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ubanda . Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-anemia.
• Ukwanda kwenani lamaseli abomvu egazi: Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `(Erythrocytosis)` (erythrocytosis). Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ngezinye izikhathi ungase ube nezimpawu ezincane njengobuhlungu bekhanda nokukhathala. Kodwa-ke, kuye ngokuthi imbangela iyini, ngezinye izikhathi kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu njengokuqhekeka kwegazi .

Yiziphi izimo ezingathinta i-erythropoiesis?

Kunezifo eziningi nezinye izinto ezingathinta ukukhiqizwa nokulawulwa kwamaseli abomvu egazi emzimbeni wethu.

Izifo ezihlobene namaphaphu

Lokhu kunganciphisa inani lomoya-mpilo umzimba owutholayo, okungashintsha ukukhiqizwa kwe-EPO.

• Isifuba somoya
• Isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD)

Umdlavuza othinta igazi noma umongo wamathambo

Lokhu kungaphazamisa ngqo inqubo yokwenza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi.

• I-Leukemia
• I-Lymphoma
• I-Myeloma
• Izinkinga ze-Myeloproliferative

Ezinye izizathu

• Ukushoda kokudla okunempilo: Ikakhulukazi ukushoda kwe-iron, i-vitamin B12, kanye ne-folate (i-folic acid) kungaholela ekukhiqizweni okungekuhle kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Lezi yizona zinto zokwakha ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe amangqamuzana abomvu egazi.
• Ukuhlala ezindaweni eziphakeme: Ezindaweni eziphakeme, kunomoya-mpilo omncane emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uzivumelanise nezimo, umzimba ukhiqiza i-EPO eyengeziwe futhi wandise ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi.

Imizimba yethu yenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu amasha kukho konke ukuphila kwethu. Lapho amangqamuzana amadala efa, umzimba uyaqaphela lezi zinguquko futhi wandise ukukhiqizwa kwe-EPO, ngaleyo ndlela wandise ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Ukuze silondoloze ukutholakala okunempilo komoya-mpilo ezicutshini zethu, sidinga ukuba nenani elifanele lamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Ngenhlanhla, umzimba ulawula le nqubo ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngaphandle komzamo wethu. Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo esiphazamisa le nqubo (i-erythropoiesis), udokotela wakho angayiphatha noma ayilawule.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• I-Erythropoiesis inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ekhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi emzimbeni wethu.
• Lawa maseli abomvu egazi yiwo athwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu futhi asuse i-carbon dioxide.
• Le nqubo yenzeka kakhulu emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo .
• I-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-Erythropoietin (EPO) , ekhiqizwa kakhulu yizinso, iyasiza ekulawuleni le nqubo.
• Izinkinga ngale nqubo zingabangela i-anemia (ukwehla kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi) noma i-erythrocytosis (ukwanda kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi).
• I-erythropoiesis efanele ibalulekile empilweni enempilo. Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza ngalokhu, qiniseka ukuthi ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha .

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi usunokuqonda okucacile ngale nqubo emangalisayo ebizwa ngokuthi (i-Erythropoiesis). Kunezinto eziningi ezenzeka emizimbeni yethu esingazazi ngisho nokuzazi, akunjalo?

Amaseli abomvu egazi, i-erythropoiesis, umongo wamathambo, i-anemia, umoya-mpilo, i-erythropoietin, izinso